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1.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 21(5): 584-591, set.-oct. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-887713

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la disponibilidad de reproductores de audio ha aumentado y potenciado la exposición a ruidos intensos por periodos prolongados. Este ruido recreacional resultado de las actividades de esparcimiento, como el uso de reproductores de música, asistencia a conciertos, discotecas, es un factor de riesgo para presentar deterioro auditivo; donde la hipoacusia inducida por el ruido es una de las principales causas de discapacidad prevenible. Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de la audiometría de altas frecuencias, para la predicción de hipoacusias inducidas por ruidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, con encuesta, examen físico de Otorrinolaringología, audiometría tonal liminar y audiometría de altas frecuencias desde septiembre de 2013 hasta junio 2016 a 80 adolescentes de la provincia La Habana para describir la incidencia de las hipoacusias inducidas por ruido y su relación con los factores que las producen. Resultados: la audiometría tonal realizada a los 80 adolescentes fue normal y la audiometría de altas frecuencias comenzó a disminuir la audición a partir de 13 000 Hz donde se observó una hipoacusia neurosensorial en aumento hasta 90 dB en 20 000 Hz de frecuencia. Todos los adolescentes estudiados usan reproductores de música personal más de dos horas diarias. Conclusiones: considerar la audiometría de alta frecuencia como un método diagnóstico para la detección temprana de trastornos de audición en pacientes con riesgo específico como la exposición a ruidos, con el fin de que se convierta en una herramienta habitual en la exploración audiológica.


Background: the availability of audio players has increased and has boosted exposure to loud noises for extended periods. This recreational noise resulting from recreational activities, such as the use of music players, concert attendance, discotheques, is a risk factor for hearing impairment; being hearing-induced hearing loss one of the main causes of preventable disability. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of high frequency audiometry for the prediction of noise-induced hearing loss. Methods: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, with a survey, physical examination of Otorhinolaryngology, pure tone audiometry and high frequency audiometry were performed from September 2013 to June 2016 in 80 teenagers from Havana to describe the incidence of hypoacusis induced by noise and its relation with the factors that produce it. Results: tonal audiometry performed in 80 teenagers was normal and high frequency audiometry began to decrease hearing from 13 000 Hz, observing an increase in neurosensorial hearing loss up to 90 dB at 20 000 Hz frequency. All teenagers studied used personal music players more than two hours a day. Conclusions: considering high frequency audiometry as a diagnostic method for the early detection of hearing disorders in patients with specific risk such as exposure to noise, in order to become a common tool in audiological exploration.

2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(3): 195-201, May-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893834

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To use baseline audiogram parameters in order to ascertain whether drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has effects on hearing, as well as to describe the configurations of the audiograms and to determine whether there are parameters that can be associated with those configurations. Methods: This was a prospective study involving patients diagnosed with DR-TB at a tuberculosis treatment center in the state of Ogun, in Nigeria. The patients included in the study were submitted to pure tone audiometry at baseline (within two weeks after treatment initiation). For comparative analyses, data regarding demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the medical records of the patients. Results: The final sample comprised 132 patients. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 ± 12.6 years (range, 8-82 years), and the male:female ratio was 2:1. Of the 132 patients, 103 (78.0%) resided in neighboring states, 125 (94.7%) had previously experienced antituberculosis treatment failure, and 18 (13.6%) were retroviral-positive. Normal audiograms were found in 12 patients (9.1%), whereas sensorineural hearing loss was identified in 104 (78.8%), the two most common configurations being ascending, in 54 (40.9%), and sloping, in 26 (19.7%). Pure-tone averages at low frequencies (0.25-1.0 kHz) and high frequencies (2.0-8.0 kHz) were 33.0 dB and 40.0 dB, respectively. Regarding the degree of hearing loss in the better ear, 36 patients (27.3%) were classified as having normal hearing and 67 (50.8%) were classified as having mild hearing loss (26-40 dB), whereas 29 (21.9%) showed moderate or severe hearing loss. Among the variables studied (age, gender, retroviral status, previous treatment outcome, and weight at admission), only male gender was associated with audiometric configurations. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with DR-TB, most presented with bilateral, mild, suboptimal sensorineural hearing loss, and ascending/sloping audiometric configurations were associated with male gender.


RESUMO Objetivo: Utilizar parâmetros do audiograma basal para verificar se a tuberculose resistente (TB-R) tem efeitos na audição, descrever as configurações dos audiogramas e determinar se há parâmetros que possam ser associados a essas configurações. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com pacientes diagnosticados com TB-R em um centro de tratamento de tuberculose no estado de Ogun, Nigéria. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo foram submetidos à audiometria de tons puros em até duas semanas após o início do tratamento (audiometria basal). Características demográficas e clínicas foram coletadas dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes para análises comparativas. Resultados: A amostra final envolveu 132 pacientes. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,5 ± 12,6 anos (variação, 8-82 anos), e a razão homem:mulher foi de 2:1. A maioria dos pacientes (n = 103; 78,0%) residia nos estados vizinhos e tinha história de falha de tratamento antituberculose (n = 125; 94.7%); 18 (13.6%) apresentavam status retroviral positivo. Doze pacientes (9,1%) apresentaram audiogramas normais, e 104 (78,8%) apresentaram perda auditiva neurossensorial, sendo as configurações mais comuns do tipo ascendente, em 54 (40,9%), e descendente, em 26 (19,7%). As médias de tons puros em frequências baixas (0,25-1,0 kHz) e altas (2,0-8,0 kHz) foram de 33,0 dB e 40,0 dB, respectivamente. Quanto ao grau de perda auditiva no melhor ouvido, 36 pacientes (27,3%) apresentaram audição normal, e 67 (50,8%) apresentaram perda auditiva leve (26-40 dB), enquanto 29 (21,9%) mostraram perda auditiva moderada ou grave. Entre as variáveis estudadas (idade, gênero, status retroviral, desfecho de tratamento anterior e peso na admissão), somente o gênero masculino foi associado às configurações audiométricas. Conclusões: Nesta amostra de pacientes com TB-R, a maioria apresentou perda auditiva neurossensorial leve e subótima bilateralmente, com configurações audiométricas ascendentes/descendentes associadas ao gênero masculino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/adverse effects , Auditory Threshold/drug effects , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Hearing Loss/chemically induced , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/physiopathology , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Failure , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications
3.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 21: e1728, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-950584

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Desenvolver um teste para avaliar a compressão de frequências por meio da identificação de fonemas fricativos e aplicá-lo. Métodos Organizou-se um material de fala composto por 24 palavras monossilábicas, contendo os fonemas /s, z, f, v, ∫, 3/. As palavras foram gravadas por oito sujeitos, totalizando uma amostra de 192 gravações. Aplicaram-se filtros passa-baixas nas palavras com frequências de cortes em 1,5 kHz; 2 kHz e 3 kHz, a fim de impedir a detecção sonora nas faixas de frequências filtradas, simulando perdas auditivas em frequências altas. Aplicou-se o teste em dez indivíduos normo-ouvintes, que deveriam ouvir a palavra e identificá-la na tela de um computador. Foram oferecidas 12 opções de resposta, fixando a vogal e variando o fonema fricativo inicial e a presença da fricativa final /s/. O teste foi composto por 384 repetições de palavras, sendo 192 com compressão de frequências. As respostas foram computadas e comparadas por meio de testes estatísticos. Resultados A identificação dos fonemas foi favorecida pelo aumento da frequência de corte, exceto em 3 kHz. Houve melhora na identificação dos fonemas fricativos /∫, 3/ com o uso da compressão de frequências, porém, para os demais fonemas avaliados (/f, v/ e /s, z/) não houve diferenças. Conclusão O teste de identificação de fonemas fricativos se mostrou eficiente e confiável. Para as frequências de corte em 1,5 kHz e 2 kHz, a compressão de frequências foi eficaz para a identificação dos fonemas fricativos /∫, 3/, porém, a identificação do /s/ final mostrou-se comprometida pelo algoritmo.


ABSTRACT Purpose Develop a test to evaluate frequency compression by identifying and applying fricative phonemes. Methods A speech material was composed of 24 monosyllabic words, containing the phonemes /s, z, f, v, ∫, 3/. Eight subjects recorded words, for a total sample of 192 recordings. Low-pass filters were applied to words with cutoff points values of 1,5 kHz; 2 kHz e 3 kHz, in order to prevent sound detection in the filtered frequency bands, simulating hearing loss at high frequencies. The test was applied to ten normal hearing individuals, who had to listen to the word and identify it on a computer screen. Twelve response options were offered, fixing the vowel and varying the initial fricative phoneme and the presence of the final fricative /s/. The test consisted of 384 word repetitions, 192 with frequency compression. Responses were computed and compared using statistical tests. Results The identification of the phonemes was favored by the increase of the cutoff frequency, except in 3 kHz. There was improvement in the identification of fricative phonemes /∫, 3/ with the use of frequency compression, however, for the other assessed phonemes (/f, v/ e /s, z/) no differences were found. Conclusion The identification test of fricative phonemes was efficient and reliable. For the cutoff frequencies in 1,5 kHz e 2 kHz, the frequency compression was effective for the identification of the fricative phonemes /∫, 3/, however the identification of /s/ at the end was affected by the algorithm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Speech Discrimination Tests , Speech Perception , Hearing Loss, High-Frequency , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Speech Reception Threshold Test , Comparative Study , Hearing Aids
4.
Brasília méd ; 50(1): 6-15, july 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-686938

ABSTRACT

Audiometria em frequências ultra-altas pode detectar alterações precoces não detectáveis na audiometria convencional.


Audiometry in ultrahigh-frequency can detect theoretically early hearing losses not detectable by conventional audiometry.

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