ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the features of distribution on HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the border areas of Yunnan province.Methods A total of 233 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 18 or more were consecutively included in the border counties of Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong prefecture),Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from November 2015 to October 2016.HIV-1 RNA was extracted with pol and env genes amplified.HIV-1 gene subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.Results A total of 146 out of 233 specimens were genotyped successfully.HIV-1 was found to have had 8 gene subtypes in Dehong prefecture,with the unique recombinant forms (URFs) as the predominant (52.8％,57/108) type,including 56.8％ (21/37) of the cases with Chinese ethnicity and another 50.7％ (36/71) were Myanmar citizens.Four HIV-1 gene subtypes were detected in Honghe prefecture,with CRF01_AE as predominant (71.1％,27/38),including 81.0％ (17/21) Vietnamese and 58.8％ (10/17) Chinese.Differences on the distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes were seen statistically significant between Dehong prefecture and Honghe prefecture (x2=61.072,P＜0.001).Conclusions The distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes showed big difference in the two border areas of Yunnan province,suggesting that both Chinese or non-Chinese citizens living in the area should be taken good care of,in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou,from 2015 to 2017.Methods Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system.Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission,between January 1,2015 and December 31,2017.Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected.x2 test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects.Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS.20 software used to analyze statistically.Results Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03％ (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017.Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases,those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83％ (708/1 393),and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17％ (685/1 393).Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309).Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084,61.81％),while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309,95.1％).Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as:female (aOR=48.25,95％ CI:26.94-88.44),＜30 year olds (aOR=2.43,95％CI:1.3 1-4.5 1),30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92,95％CI:1.11-3.33),40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80,95％ CI:1.08-3.00),married or unmarried (vs.divorced or widowed,aOR=1.57,95％CI:1.10-2.24;aOR=1.78,95％CI:1.15-2.78),high school and above of education level (vs.primary school and under of education level,aOR=1.82,95％ CI:1.18-2.80),administrative officers or employee (vs.farmers,aOR=2.03,95％ CI:1.04-l.91).Number of non-marital partners less than 5 (vs.number of non-marital partners more than 5,aOR=10.65,95％CI:6.41-17.42).Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017.Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender,age,marital status,educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore distribution of HIV gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from China and Myanmar in Dehong Dai and Jingpo prefecture of Yunnan province in 2016.Methods We conducted DNA extractions from newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2016.The gag,env and pol genes were amplified by using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and sequenced to identify HIV subtypes.Results A total of 1 112 newly diagnosed HIV cases were reported in Dehong in 2016,and the HIV subtypes were identified for 860 cases.Subtype C was predominant (33.6％),followed by unique recombinant forms (URFs) (28.4％),CRF01_AE (18.6％) and so on.URFs include four recombination,among which the recombination of CRF01 AE and C subtype were predominant.The HIV subtype distribution was associated with nationality and transmission route in HIV/AIDS cases from Myanmar.Conclusions The gene subtypes of C,URFs and CRF01_AE were mainly distributed;distribution of URFs remained complex and diverse among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Dehong in 2016.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the prevalence and relative factors on those who missed the follow-up service among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases that were infected by homosexual behavior.Methods Data were extracted from both HIV/AIDS case-reporting and follow-up cards on HIV/AIDS in the Comprehensive Response Information Management System,between December 2008 and December 2015.Data was analyzed,using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) to explore the relative factors of influence.Results Among the newly reported HIV infection among MSM,the proportion of those who missed the follow-up services was 5.06％ (6 037/119 358),and decreased dramatically,from 37.57％ (1 261/3 356) to 0.84％ (267/31 935) (trendx2=103.43,P＜0.01).In MSM population,the younger than 20-year olds (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.11-1.52),20-year olds (OR=1.52,95％CI:1.36-1.69),30-year olds (OR=1.22,95％CI:1.12-1.34),40-year olds (OR=1.10,95％CI:1.01-1.20) were receiving less follow-up services than those 50-year olds.Those who had received either junior (OR=1.52,95％CI:1.37-1.69) or senior high school education (OR=1.35,95％CI:1.23-1.49) were receiving less follow-up service than those who were more educated.MSM with the following characteristics as unspecified occupation (OR=2.06,95％ CI:1.49-2.87),unemployed (OR=1.54,95％ CI:1.30-1.83),working in commercial service (OR=1.31,95％ CI:1.15-1.49) or being student (OR=1.34,95％ CI:1.18-1.52) were more difficult to be traced or followed than the cadres.Cases being identified on site (OR=2.99,95％ CI:2.26-3.95) or under special investigation (OR=1.43,95％ CI:1.29-1.59) had received less follow-up service than those being identified through voluntary counsel testing service.Floating population (OR=1.46,95％ CI:1.28-1.66) were getting less follow-up service than local residents.Conclusions The prevalence of those who had missed the follow-up services in the newly discovered MSM HIV cases declined dramatically.Among the MSM HIV cases,those having the following characteristics as:younger than 50-year old,with less school education,with unspecified occupation or unemployment,working in commercial service,being student,having history of incarceration,recruited from special investigation,and floating population were prone to miss the follow-up program,suggesting that the follow-up service should be targeting on these patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the features of distribution on HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the border areas of Yunnan province.Methods A total of 233 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 18 or more were consecutively included in the border counties of Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong prefecture),Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from November 2015 to October 2016.HIV-1 RNA was extracted with pol and env genes amplified.HIV-1 gene subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.Results A total of 146 out of 233 specimens were genotyped successfully.HIV-1 was found to have had 8 gene subtypes in Dehong prefecture,with the unique recombinant forms (URFs) as the predominant (52.8％,57/108) type,including 56.8％ (21/37) of the cases with Chinese ethnicity and another 50.7％ (36/71) were Myanmar citizens.Four HIV-1 gene subtypes were detected in Honghe prefecture,with CRF01_AE as predominant (71.1％,27/38),including 81.0％ (17/21) Vietnamese and 58.8％ (10/17) Chinese.Differences on the distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes were seen statistically significant between Dehong prefecture and Honghe prefecture (x2=61.072,P＜0.001).Conclusions The distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes showed big difference in the two border areas of Yunnan province,suggesting that both Chinese or non-Chinese citizens living in the area should be taken good care of,in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou,from 2015 to 2017.Methods Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system.Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission,between January 1,2015 and December 31,2017.Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected.x2 test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects.Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS.20 software used to analyze statistically.Results Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03％ (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017.Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases,those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83％ (708/1 393),and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17％ (685/1 393).Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309).Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084,61.81％),while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309,95.1％).Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as:female (aOR=48.25,95％ CI:26.94-88.44),＜30 year olds (aOR=2.43,95％CI:1.3 1-4.5 1),30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92,95％CI:1.11-3.33),40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80,95％ CI:1.08-3.00),married or unmarried (vs.divorced or widowed,aOR=1.57,95％CI:1.10-2.24;aOR=1.78,95％CI:1.15-2.78),high school and above of education level (vs.primary school and under of education level,aOR=1.82,95％ CI:1.18-2.80),administrative officers or employee (vs.farmers,aOR=2.03,95％ CI:1.04-l.91).Number of non-marital partners less than 5 (vs.number of non-marital partners more than 5,aOR=10.65,95％CI:6.41-17.42).Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017.Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender,age,marital status,educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore distribution of HIV gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from China and Myanmar in Dehong Dai and Jingpo prefecture of Yunnan province in 2016.Methods We conducted DNA extractions from newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2016.The gag,env and pol genes were amplified by using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and sequenced to identify HIV subtypes.Results A total of 1 112 newly diagnosed HIV cases were reported in Dehong in 2016,and the HIV subtypes were identified for 860 cases.Subtype C was predominant (33.6％),followed by unique recombinant forms (URFs) (28.4％),CRF01_AE (18.6％) and so on.URFs include four recombination,among which the recombination of CRF01 AE and C subtype were predominant.The HIV subtype distribution was associated with nationality and transmission route in HIV/AIDS cases from Myanmar.Conclusions The gene subtypes of C,URFs and CRF01_AE were mainly distributed;distribution of URFs remained complex and diverse among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Dehong in 2016.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the prevalence and relative factors on those who missed the follow-up service among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases that were infected by homosexual behavior.Methods Data were extracted from both HIV/AIDS case-reporting and follow-up cards on HIV/AIDS in the Comprehensive Response Information Management System,between December 2008 and December 2015.Data was analyzed,using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) to explore the relative factors of influence.Results Among the newly reported HIV infection among MSM,the proportion of those who missed the follow-up services was 5.06％ (6 037/119 358),and decreased dramatically,from 37.57％ (1 261/3 356) to 0.84％ (267/31 935) (trendx2=103.43,P＜0.01).In MSM population,the younger than 20-year olds (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.11-1.52),20-year olds (OR=1.52,95％CI:1.36-1.69),30-year olds (OR=1.22,95％CI:1.12-1.34),40-year olds (OR=1.10,95％CI:1.01-1.20) were receiving less follow-up services than those 50-year olds.Those who had received either junior (OR=1.52,95％CI:1.37-1.69) or senior high school education (OR=1.35,95％CI:1.23-1.49) were receiving less follow-up service than those who were more educated.MSM with the following characteristics as unspecified occupation (OR=2.06,95％ CI:1.49-2.87),unemployed (OR=1.54,95％ CI:1.30-1.83),working in commercial service (OR=1.31,95％ CI:1.15-1.49) or being student (OR=1.34,95％ CI:1.18-1.52) were more difficult to be traced or followed than the cadres.Cases being identified on site (OR=2.99,95％ CI:2.26-3.95) or under special investigation (OR=1.43,95％ CI:1.29-1.59) had received less follow-up service than those being identified through voluntary counsel testing service.Floating population (OR=1.46,95％ CI:1.28-1.66) were getting less follow-up service than local residents.Conclusions The prevalence of those who had missed the follow-up services in the newly discovered MSM HIV cases declined dramatically.Among the MSM HIV cases,those having the following characteristics as:younger than 50-year old,with less school education,with unspecified occupation or unemployment,working in commercial service,being student,having history of incarceration,recruited from special investigation,and floating population were prone to miss the follow-up program,suggesting that the follow-up service should be targeting on these patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of marital status and high-risk sexual behaviors in newly reported HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and provide evidence for the targeted behavior intervention in this population and the prevention of secondary HIV infection.Methods Data collected from HIV/AIDS case reporting cards and follow-up cards between December 31st,2012 and December 3st,2013 were used and newly reported HIV infected MSM were recruited,their demographic characteristics,marital status,and high-risk sexual behaviors were analyzed.Results Of 15 768 newly reported HIV infected MSM in 2012,10 426 (66.1％) were unmarried and 10 970 (69.6％) had educational level of ≥senior high school.Among the 15 049 HIV infected MSM receiving follow up in 2012,14 451 (96.0％) still received follow up in 2013.The number HIV infected MSM who had protected sexual behaviors increased from 9 779 (67.7％) in 2012 to 13 277 (91.1％) in 2013.Among the HIV infected MSM who had married,64.1％ remained their marital status in 2013.Among the HIV infected MSM,those who had educational level of ≥senior high school (OR=1.540,95％ CI:1.138-2.085),workers (OR=1.430,95％ CI:1.131-1.808),staff (OR=1.610,95％CI:1.236-2.098) or farmers (OR=1.661,95％C1:1.214-2.271) were more likely to have protected sexual behaviors than those who had educational level of primary school or were engaged in commercial services.Those who had never married,(OR=0.563,95％CI:0.439-0.722),divorced (OR=0.624,95％CI:0.448-0.870) or re-married (OR=0.444,95％CI:0.288-0.687) were more likely to have high-risk sexual behaviors.Conclusion Standardized follow-up seemed helpful for the newly diagnosed HIV infected MSM to have protected sexual behaviors.Highly effective intervention should be focused on MSM who have no spouses or regular sexual partners,with low educational level,or are engaged in commercial services to prevent secondary HIV transmission.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the ‘late diagnoses’ (LD) phenomena among newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in China from 2010 to 2014.Methods Newly identified HIV/AIDS cases from 2010 to 2014 were selected from the National HIV/AIDS comprehensive information system.Rates related to LD were stratified according to the demographic indicators.Results From 2010 to 2014,numbers of newly identified HIV/AIDS cases were reported as 64 338,74 517,82 434,90 119 and 103 501 in China.Among them,proportions of LD were 41.8％,42.1％,38.1％,36.8％ and 35.5％ respectively.LD proportions appeared high in medical settings,with the minimum proportion as 45％ (x2=5 174,P＜0.000 1).Proportion of LD among patients who were heterosexually transmitted appeared over 40％,which was significantly higher than that seen among men who have sex with men or injecting drug users (x2=3 066,P＜0.000 1).Proportion of LD showed more than 39％ in those newly identified cases,and was seen higher in permanent residents than in floating population (less than 30％) (x2=5 265,P＜0.000 1).Conclusion With the expansion testing coverage on HIV,newly identified HIV/AIDS increased year by year.Among the newly identified cases,late diagnosis was high,especially in medical institutions.More effective strategies and measures are needed to promote the early detection of HIV in high risk population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of marital status and high-risk sexual behaviors in newly reported HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and provide evidence for the targeted behavior intervention in this population and the prevention of secondary HIV infection.Methods Data collected from HIV/AIDS case reporting cards and follow-up cards between December 31st,2012 and December 3st,2013 were used and newly reported HIV infected MSM were recruited,their demographic characteristics,marital status,and high-risk sexual behaviors were analyzed.Results Of 15 768 newly reported HIV infected MSM in 2012,10 426 (66.1％) were unmarried and 10 970 (69.6％) had educational level of ≥senior high school.Among the 15 049 HIV infected MSM receiving follow up in 2012,14 451 (96.0％) still received follow up in 2013.The number HIV infected MSM who had protected sexual behaviors increased from 9 779 (67.7％) in 2012 to 13 277 (91.1％) in 2013.Among the HIV infected MSM who had married,64.1％ remained their marital status in 2013.Among the HIV infected MSM,those who had educational level of ≥senior high school (OR=1.540,95％ CI:1.138-2.085),workers (OR=1.430,95％ CI:1.131-1.808),staff (OR=1.610,95％CI:1.236-2.098) or farmers (OR=1.661,95％C1:1.214-2.271) were more likely to have protected sexual behaviors than those who had educational level of primary school or were engaged in commercial services.Those who had never married,(OR=0.563,95％CI:0.439-0.722),divorced (OR=0.624,95％CI:0.448-0.870) or re-married (OR=0.444,95％CI:0.288-0.687) were more likely to have high-risk sexual behaviors.Conclusion Standardized follow-up seemed helpful for the newly diagnosed HIV infected MSM to have protected sexual behaviors.Highly effective intervention should be focused on MSM who have no spouses or regular sexual partners,with low educational level,or are engaged in commercial services to prevent secondary HIV transmission.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the ‘late diagnoses’ (LD) phenomena among newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in China from 2010 to 2014.Methods Newly identified HIV/AIDS cases from 2010 to 2014 were selected from the National HIV/AIDS comprehensive information system.Rates related to LD were stratified according to the demographic indicators.Results From 2010 to 2014,numbers of newly identified HIV/AIDS cases were reported as 64 338,74 517,82 434,90 119 and 103 501 in China.Among them,proportions of LD were 41.8％,42.1％,38.1％,36.8％ and 35.5％ respectively.LD proportions appeared high in medical settings,with the minimum proportion as 45％ (x2=5 174,P＜0.000 1).Proportion of LD among patients who were heterosexually transmitted appeared over 40％,which was significantly higher than that seen among men who have sex with men or injecting drug users (x2=3 066,P＜0.000 1).Proportion of LD showed more than 39％ in those newly identified cases,and was seen higher in permanent residents than in floating population (less than 30％) (x2=5 265,P＜0.000 1).Conclusion With the expansion testing coverage on HIV,newly identified HIV/AIDS increased year by year.Among the newly identified cases,late diagnosis was high,especially in medical institutions.More effective strategies and measures are needed to promote the early detection of HIV in high risk population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the proportions and correlates of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2005 through 2009 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province. Methods All available serum samples of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases during 2005-2009 period in Dehong prefecture, were tested using the BED HIV incidence capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). Results A total of 9367 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in 2005through 2009, of whom 7252 (77.4%) were tested with BED-CEIA. Among the tested, 954 (13.2%)were positive for BED-CEIA and were regarded as recent HIV infections. The proportion of recent HIV infection among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases was 11.21% in 2005, 11.87% in 2006, 17.55%in 2007, 13.22% in 2008, and 12.22% in 2009. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the proportion of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2009 was significantly higher among females, those aged 11-19 years, and internal residents outside of Dehong prefecture,but significantly lower among immigrants who were mostly from Myanmar, than local residents.Conclusion From 2005 to 2009, the proportion of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Dehong prefecture in Yunnan province was fluctuating slightly. Future research is needed to examine its long-term and secular trend. Such proportion was significantly different by different sociodemographic characteristics.