Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome / Análise fitoquímica e atividades biológicas do extrato etanólico do rizoma de Curcuma longa

Abstract Curcuma longa is an important dietary plant which possess several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, anticancer and anti clotting etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile of Curcuma longa and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In HPLC chromatogram of Curcuma longa rhizome extract 15 phenolic compounds were identified namely Digalloyl-hexoside, Caffeic acid hexoside, Curdione, Coumaric, Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Qurecetin-3-D-galactoside, Casuarinin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcuminol, Demethoxycurcumin, and Isorhamnetin, Valoneic acid bilactone, Curcumin, Curcumin-O-glucuronide respectively. The ethanolic extract displayed an IC50 value of 37.1±0.3 µg/ml against alpha glucosidase. The IC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 27.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of Curcuma long is rich source of curcumin and contain several important phenolics. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of the plant justifies its popular use in traditional medicine.

Resumo A Curcuma longa é uma importante planta presente na dieta da população, pois possui diversas atividades farmacológicas, incluindo antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, anticancerígena, anticoagulante etc. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o perfil fenólico da Curcuma longa e determinar as atividades antioxidante e antidiabética in vitro do extrato. No cromatograma por HPLC do extrato de rizoma de Curcuma longa, foram identificados 15 compostos fenólicos: digaloil-hexosídeo, hexosídeo de ácido cafeico, curdiona, cumárico, ácido cafeico, ácido sinápico, quercetina-3-D-galactosídeo, casuarinina, bisdemetoxicurcumina, curcuminol, demetoxicurcumina, isoramnetina, bilactona de ácido valônico, curcumina e curcumina-O-glicuronídeo. O extrato etanólico apresentou um valor de IC50 de 37,1 ± 0,3 µg / mL em relação à alfa-glucosidase. O valor de IC50 da atividade de eliminação de radicais DPPH foi de 27,2 ± 1,1 μg / mL. Conclui-se que o extrato etanólico de Curcuma longa é uma rica fonte de curcumina e contém várias substâncias fenólicas importantes. O efeito antioxidante in vitro e inibidor da alfa-glucosidase da planta justifica seu uso popular na medicina tradicional.

Characterization and identification of ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate for cosmetic formulations application

The ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate (AMP) presents the same functional properties of ascorbic acid (AA). Besides antioxidant and depigmentant activity, the AMP presents silanol in its chemical structure. The aim of this work was to characterize and indentify the AMP alone and in cosmetic formulations. The following techniques were employed: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry, particle size distributions, in vitro antioxidant activity with 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Oxigen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay and High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (developed and validated method) for the active ingredient; Microscopy, HPLC and Normal Stability Assay (NSA) for the emulsions. Particle size distributions results showed that the average size of AMP was 1.0 µm and polydispersity index was 0.1. In DPPH assay AA and AMP were statistically the same. The value of ORAC obtained for AMP was 0.74 and for AA in the literature was 0.95. In the NSA the formulations were stable in conditions of 5.0 and 45.0 ± 2.0 ºC for 90 days. Adequate stability at ambient temperature out of reach of light was also observed. Thus, this works presented an acceptable method for quantification of AMP alone and in cosmetic formulations. AMP was an adequate choice for the incorporation in emulsions with antioxidant efficacy.

An optimization approach of dynamic maceration of Centella asiatica to obtain the highest content of four centelloids by response surface methodology

ABSTRACT Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Apiaceae, is commonly used as food, food supplement, and medicine. Development of the extraction process to obtain the high extent of the active compound is necessary. So, the response surface methodology was used in this work to optimize the dynamic maceration of C. asiatica to obtain the highest content of the four centelloids including asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and madecassoside. Two factors: extraction temperature and extraction time, were studied. The content of four centelloids was observed. After the extraction of C. asiatica using ethanol, the content of four centelloids was analyzed using validated high performance liquid chromatography. The optimization result showed that madecassoside and asiaticoside had a similar pattern of the contour plots and response surfaces. These two centelloids were highly extracted at a high extraction time and high extraction temperature. The other two centelloids had the same pattern, they had a high content at a high temperature and time as well as at a low temperature and time. The simultaneous highest content of four centelloids was achieved when extracted at 60 °C for 120 min. The optimal condition could be used as standard condition for extraction of C. asiatica to provide the highest content of four centelloids.

Sustainable production with obtaining glucosamine from crab exoskeletons / Produção sustentável para obtenção de glucosamina a partir de exoesqueletos de caranguejo

ABSTRACT: Two chemical treatments, five enzymatic (pectinase, lipase, hemicellulase, hemicellulose-cellulase or lipase-pectinase) and one microbiological (Bacillus subtilis) treatment were evaluated to obtain glucosamine hydrochloride (Gluc-HCl) from the chitin obtained from crab (Callinectes bellicosus) exoskeletons. Chemical treatments were referred as Method A (HCl hydrolysis during 75 min at 90°C) and Method B (HCl hydrolysis during 20 min and 14 h of rest). Glucosamine and, in some cases, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were identified and quantified by HPLC. Treatments with the greater concentrations of Gluc-HCl in descending order were: lipase (94.4 mg/g), microbiological (45.7 mg/g), lipase-pectinase (22.9 mg/g), hemicellulase-cellulase (20.9 mg/g), hemicellulase (15.3 mg/g), pectinase (10.7 mg/g), Chemical A (7.3mg/g) and Chemical B (7.3mg/g). In terms of yield, the best treatments in descending order were: pectinase (94%), microbiological (94%), hemicellulase (92%), lipase (91%), Chemical B (88%), lipase-pectinase (88%), hemicellulase-cellulase (86%) and Chemical A (28.5%). The two most profound treatments were lipase and microbiological, so they are proposed as part of a viable method to produce Gluc-HCl from crab exoskeletons; they are ecofriendly procedures and could add value to the crab´s productive chain.

RESUMO: Dois tratamentos químicos, cinco enzimáticos (pectinase, lipase, hemicelulase, hemicelulose-celulase ou lipase-pectinase) e um microbiológico (Bacillus subtilis) foram avaliados para obter o cloridrato de glucosamina (Gluc-HCl) da quitina obtida a partir de exoesqueletos de caranguejo (Callinectes. Bellicosus). Os dois tratamentos químicos foram nomeados como método A (hidrólise de HCl para 75 min a 90 °C) e método B (hidrólise de HCl para 20 min e 14 h de repouso). A Glucosamina e, em alguns casos, N-acetil-D-glucosamina foram identificados e quantificados por HPLC. Os tratamentos em que as melhores concentrações de Glucosamina-HCl foram obtidas, em ordem decrescente: lipase (94,4 mg/g), microbiológica (45,7 mg/g), lipase-pectinase (22,9 mg/g), hemicelulase-celulase (20,9 mg/g), hemicelulase (15,3 mg/g), pectinase (10,7mg/g), Quïmica A (7,3 mg/g) e Quïmica B (7,3 mg/g). Em termos de produtividade, os melhores tratamentos em ordem decrescente foram: pectinase (94%), microbiológica (94%), hemicelulase (92%), lipase (91%), química B (88%), lipase-pectinase (88%), hemicelulase- celulase (86%) e produto químico A (28,5%). Os dois melhores tratamentos foram lipase e microbiológicos, propostos como método viável para obtenção de Gluc-HCl a partir de exoesqueletos de caranguejo; cumprem procedimentos ecologicamente corretos e podem agregar valor à cadeia produtiva do caranguejo.

Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome

Abstract Curcuma longa is an important dietary plant which possess several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, anticancer and anti clotting etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile of Curcuma longa and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In HPLC chromatogram of Curcuma longa rhizome extract 15 phenolic compounds were identified namely Digalloyl-hexoside, Caffeic acid hexoside, Curdione, Coumaric, Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Qurecetin-3-D-galactoside, Casuarinin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcuminol, Demethoxycurcumin, and Isorhamnetin, Valoneic acid bilactone, Curcumin, Curcumin-O-glucuronide respectively. The ethanolic extract displayed an IC50 value of 37.1±0.3 µg/ml against alpha glucosidase. The IC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 27.2 ± 1.1 g/mL. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of Curcuma long is rich source of curcumin and contain several important phenolics. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of the plant justifies its popular use in traditional medicine.

Resumo A Curcuma longa é uma importante planta presente na dieta da população, pois possui diversas atividades farmacológicas, incluindo antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, anticancerígena, anticoagulante etc. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o perfil fenólico da Curcuma longa e determinar as atividades antioxidante e antidiabética in vitro do extrato. No cromatograma por HPLC do extrato de rizoma de Curcuma longa, foram identificados 15 compostos fenólicos: digaloil-hexosídeo, hexosídeo de ácido cafeico, curdiona, cumárico, ácido cafeico, ácido sinápico, quercetina-3-D-galactosídeo, casuarinina, bisdemetoxicurcumina, curcuminol, demetoxicurcumina, isoramnetina, bilactona de ácido valônico, curcumina e curcumina-O-glicuronídeo. O extrato etanólico apresentou um valor de IC50 de 37,1 ± 0,3 µg / mL em relação à alfa-glucosidase. O valor de IC50 da atividade de eliminação de radicais DPPH foi de 27,2 ± 1,1 g / mL. Conclui-se que o extrato etanólico de Curcuma longa é uma rica fonte de curcumina e contém várias substâncias fenólicas importantes. O efeito antioxidante in vitro e inibidor da alfa-glucosidase da planta justifica seu uso popular na medicina tradicional.

Analysis of Flavonoid Composition of Korean Herbs in the Family of Compositae and their Utilization for Health

Compositional differences in flavonoids are varied in the big family of Compositae. By summarizing our previous analytical studies and other scientific evidences, new strategy will be possible to further analyze flavonoids and utilize them for human health. The HPLC analytical method has been established in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Herbs of the family of Compositae have considerable amounts of peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-scavenging effects and their phenolic substances. These effects may contribute to the prevention of disease associated with excess production of ONOO-, depending on the high content of flavonoid substances.

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by MFS, a purified extract from the fermentation of marine fungus Fusarium solani FG319, and optimization of MFS production using response surface methodology / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to isolate and characterize a purified extract from Fusarium solani FG319, termed MFS (Metabolite of Fusarium solani FG319) that showed anti-atherosclerosis activity by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to achieve an improved yield from the fermentation medium. The inhibiting effect of the isolate, MFS, on HMG-CoA reductase was greater than that of the positive control, lovastatin. The average recovery of MFS and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged between 99.75% to 101.18%, and 0.31% to 0.74%, respectively. The RSDs intra- and inter-assay of the three samples ranged from 0.288% to 2.438%, and from 0.934% to 2.383%, respectively. From the RSM, the concentration of inducer, cultivation time, and culture temperatures had significant effects on the MFS production, with the effect of inducer concentration being more pronounced that other factors. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for the MFS production were achieved using RSM and that MFS could be explored as an anti-atherosclerosis agent based on its ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase.

Antioxidant activity and analysis of proanthocyanidins from pine (Pinus densiflora) needles

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of pine needle extracts prepared with hot water, ethanol, hexane, hot water-hexane (HWH), and hot water-ethanol (HWE), using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical method. The hot water extract possessed superior antioxidant activity than the other extracts. We also compared the antioxidant activity of pine needle extracts through ROS inhibition activity in a cellular system using MC3T3 E-1 cells. The hot water extract exhibited the lowest ROS production. The pattern of HPLC analysis of each extract indicated that the hot water extract contained the highest proanthocyanidin level. The pine needle hot-water extract was then isolated and fractionated with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to determine the major contributor to its antioxidant activity. The No.7 and 12 fractions had high antioxidant activities, that is, the highest contents of proanthocyanidins and catechins, respectively. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of procyanidins from the hot water extract of pine needles is positively related to not only polymeric proanthocyanidins but also to monomeric catechins. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the pine needle hot water extract was similar to well-known antioxidants, such as vitamin C. This suggests that pine needle proanthocyanidins and catechins might be of interest for use as alternative antioxidants.

Production of á-Galactosidase by Aspergillus oryzae through solid-state fermentation and its application in soymilk Galactooligosaccharide hydrolysis

á-Galactosidase was produced by Aspergillus oryzae on red gram plant waste-wheat bran based media in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimum temperature for á-galactosidase production was 35 0C and upto 4 cm of bed height of substrate had no inhibitory effect on enzyme production. Hydrolysis of galactooligosaccharides in soymilk was carried out by á-galactosidase. Optimum temperature and pH for the hydrolysis of raffinose and stachyose of soymilk were 55(0)C and 5.2-6.2, respectively. The enzymatic treatment for 3 h completely removed the raffinose oligosaccharides in soymilk. Crude extract also showed considerable amount of invertase activity.

Porphyrias diagnosed types by HPLC analysis: 10 years of Siriraj experience.

Objective: This study aims to report the HPLC patterns of urine porphyrin intermediates from Thai patients with various types of porphyrias in supporting the clinical diagnosis. Methods: A reverse phase HPLC method using kit reagents, was used to measure porphyrin intermediates in the urine of control subjects and patients with various types of porphyrias. Results: 22 control subjects showed very low levels of all urine porphyrin intermediates whereas 11 porphyriatic patients had increases of some specific isomers varying among each type of the disease. The results from 6 porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) patients: marked increase of uroporphyrin and slight increase of the other porphyrin intermediates, 2 congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), high elevation of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin I – III ratio with slight increase of pentaporphyrin, 2 variegate porphyria (VP), marked increase of only coproporphyrin III and 1 acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) (non acute form), high increase of coproporphyrinIII with mild increase of ALA, PBG, uroporphyrin, and coproporphyrin I. Conclusion: The HPLC could provide data essential for differentiating common types of porphyrias in Thai patients, PCT, CEP, VP and AIP. Clinical findings of the patients and urine screening test for increased porphyrins were also helpful for the definite diagnosis.

Optimization of Ralstonia Solanacearum Preparation Methods by HPLC Analysis / 中国生物工程杂志

16M?) ). Using this method could not only avoid the interference of medium on the chromatographic behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum, but also keep the cell viability and cell surface properties.