ABSTRACT
Objective To construct the has-miR 146a eukaryotic overexpression vector pmR 146a and to explore its effect on the expression of c-Myc gene in HepG2.2.15 cells.Methods The has-miR-146a precursor gene fragment pre-has-miR-146a was amplified by PCR,then connected to the pmR-mCherry plasmid vector after double enzyme digestion,the accuracy of recombinant vector was verified by colony PCR,double enzyme digestion and sequencing;then the recombinant vector was transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells as the experimental group,meanwhile the empty vector group (transfecting pmR-mCherry empty plasmid group) and blank group(transfecting reagent lip2000+PBS),then the fluorescent protein expression amount was observed under the fluorescence microscopy at 24,48 h;the expression of has miR-146a was evaluated by qPCR;at 24,48 h after transfection,the expression levels of c-Myc gene mRNA were detected by qPCR,and the c-Myc protein expression level after 48 h was detected by Western blot.Results The colony PCR,double enzyme digestion and sequencing verified that the pre-has-miR-146a gene fragment was inserted into the pmR-mCherry vector;at 24,48 h after transfection in the experimental group and empty vector group,intracellular strong fluorescence was seen by fluorescent microscope,the transfection efficiency was at 50％-60％ contrasting without fluorescence;the has-miR-146a expression level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the empty vector group and blank group (P＜0.01);the c-Myc mRNA expression at 24,48 h after tranfection was significantly lower than that in the empty vector group and blank group (P＜0.05);the protein expression amount at 48 h after transfection was lower than that in the empty vector group and blank group (P＜0.01).Conclusion The pmR-146a eukaryotic overexpression vector is successfully constructed,this recombinant vector can express miR-146a stably;miR-146a can down-regulate c-Myc cancer gene expression,which can serve as one of potential targets for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
En la interpretación de una biopsia hepática, las enfermedades necroinfl amatorias hepáticas están entre laspatologías halladas más a menudo, y en el estudio histopatológico es habitual enfrentarse a varias preguntasal respecto: ¿Qué es? ¿Qué tan grave es la enfermedad? ¿Qué es lo que el clínico espera? Se buscará eneste artículo dar respuesta a tales preguntas.
Necroinfl ammatory liver diseases are one of the most frequently encountered pathologies when interpreting a liver biopsy. In a histopathological study, we faced several questions including: What is it? How severe is the illness? And what does the clinician expect? This article attempts to answer these questions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis, Autoimmune , LiverABSTRACT
Antecedentes: la exposición a material biológico es una realidad que enfrentan diariamente miles de trabajadores de la salud (TS) en el mundo, así como los riesgos que esto implica. Objetivos: determinar cuál es el área hospitalaria con mayor frecuencia de accidentes laborales con exposición a material biológico (ALEMB), el grupo más sensible de las TS y la prevalencia de la vacunación contra la hepatitis B en los mismos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, multicéntrico, donde se recolectó la información sobre bioseguridad por medio de 795 encuestas hechas a los TS. Desde el mes de junio hasta septiembre de 2009, en 5 hospitales de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Esta encuesta es una adaptación de dos previamente validadas en español. Resultados: se demostró que de 795 encuestados el 53% ha tenido más de un ALEMB. El 70,2% refiere haber recibido capacitación durante los últimos 2 años y el 90,1% de todos los encuestados refiere aplicar las normas de bioseguridad durante su trabajo. El 51,8% tiene las vacunas completas contra Hepatitis B. Se determinó que las personas que presentaban mayor riesgo de padecer accidentes laborales eran los médicos residentes; con referencia al accidente se determinó que el lugar de mayor riesgo es la sala de cirugía (0,32%); el objeto de lesión más común es la aguja hueca (0.32), finalmente se determinó que los funcionarios en estudio, identifican como la causa más común por la que ocurren accidentes, es el descuido personal (0,38%). Conclusión: los resultados varían en cada hospital; sin embargo, se determinó que en general, a pesar de que existe una preocupación por parte de los hospitales de dar capacitación a todos los trabajadores de la salud, al parecer ésta no ha sido eficaz, pues existe un alto índice de ALEMB, así como también existe una falta de conocimiento o preocupación, de la importancia de la vacunación por parte de los trabajadores de la salud.
Background: exposure to biological materials is a reality faced daily by thousands of health workers (HW) in the world, as are the risks involved. Objectives: to determine which hospital area has a higher frequently of occupational accidents involving exposure to biological material (OAEBM), the most sensitive group of the HW, and the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination in them. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, multicenter study, through which we collected information on biosafety using the data from 795 surveys applied by HW from June to September 2009 in five hospitals in the city of Guayaquil. This survey is an adaptation of two previously validated ones in Spanish. Results: it was shown that out of the 795 respondents, 53% have had more than one OAEBM. 70.2% of respondents reported having received training during the last 2 years, and 90.1% reported to comply with biosafety regulations in their work. 51.8% of respondents have complete vaccinations against Hepatitis B. It was found that the people who had a higher risk of occupational accidents were the resident physicians; with reference to the accident, it was determined that the place with the highest risk is the operating room (0.32%); the most common object for injury is the hollow needle (0.32%); finally, it was determined that the officials in the study identified self-neglect as the most common cause for accidents (0.38%). Conclusion: the results vary by hospital; however, it was found that in general, although there is concern on the part of hospitals to provide training to all health workers, apparently it has not been effective because there is a high rate of OAEBM, as well as a lack of knowledge or concern about the importance of vaccination by the health workers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Accidents, Occupational , Communicable Diseases , Occupational Risks , Medical Waste , NeedlesABSTRACT
Para diseñar programas eficientes de vacunación masiva, debemos conocer la prevalencia de infección por virus de Hepatitis B y C en la población de embarazadas. Dado que la data regional es escasa, llevamos a cabo un estudio prospectivo de determinación de AgHBs, antiHBc, anti-HBs y antiVHC. Se recolectaron muestras serológicas de 3.588 embarazadas en control pre-natal referidas al Laboratorio del Sistema Regional de Salud del Estado Zulia, independientemente de edad de gestación en el período Enero 2007-Diciembre 2008. Las muestras fueron procesadas por ELISA (TecnoSuma). Los casos positivos se refirieron a Hepatología del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Se detectó AgHBs(+) 3 casos (0,08%) y la combinación AgHBs(-), antiHBc(+), antiHBs(+) que indica seroconversión adecuada en 69 casos (1,92%). Cinco casos (0.13%) se reportaron AgHBs (-), antiHBc(+), antiHBs(-). La mayoría no había tenido contacto con VHB, pero 7,24% de ellas (260 casos) habían sido vacunadas y tenían marcadores negativos. La prevalencia de Hepatitis B y C fue de 2.1% y 0,44% (16 casos) respectivamente. A pesar de la baja prevalencia, madres AgHBs+ tienen gran riesgo de trasmisión vertical y sus hijos se beneficiarían del despistaje para garantizarles inmunización activa y pasiva inmediatamente después del parto...
In order to design adequate vaccination programs it is necessary to known the Hepatitis B and C virus infection prevalence among pregnant women. Given our poor regional data, we conducted a prospective study for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs y anti-HCV seropositivity. Serological samples from 3.588 pregnant women no matter gestational age, referred to the Pre-birth Control Consult at the Regional System of Health in Zulia State, between January 2007 and December 2008. Samples were processed by ELISA (TecnoSuma). Positive cases were referred to the Hepatology consult at the Maracaibo University Hospital. HBsAg prevalence was 0.08% (3 cases). We found 1, 92% prevalence (69 cases) for HBsAg (-), antiHBc(+), AntiHBs(+), indicator of adequate seroconversion. Five cases (0, 13%) were reported as HBsAg (-), antiHBc(+), AntiHBs(-). Most women had not contact with HB virus but 260 cases (7, 24%) had received the vaccine and they had other negative markers. Hepatitis B prevalence was 2,1% and Hepatitis C prevalence was 0,44% (16 cases). Despite low prevalence, mothers HBsAg+ have great risk to infection vertical transmission to their child and they will be beneficiated from the HBV screening in order to receive immediate active and passive immunization after delivery...
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Biomarkers/chemistry , Communicable Disease Control , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Infectious Disease Medicine , VirologyABSTRACT
To find out the clustering of HBV carriers within a family, 50 HBsAg carriers were studied. The distribution of HBsAg was found to be high (33%) among the offspring of HBsAg negative father and positive mother when compared to positive father and negative mother (16%) or where both the parents were HBsAg negative (31%0. The frequency of HBV DNA was also found to be high among the offspring of HBV DNA negative father and HBV DNA positive mother (25%). Male infection leading to a clustering of HBsAg carrier families.
ABSTRACT
Soros de 7956 bovinos leiteiros foram testados pela técnica de soro-neutralização para determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra o Herpesvírus Bovino Tipo 1 (HVB 1). As amostras provinham de 99 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os municípios foram agrupados em nove bacias leiteiras conforme critérios da Cooperativa Central Gaúcha de Leite (CCGL). A prevalência de anticorpos encontrada foi de 18,8 por cento. Dos 99 municípios testados 91 (91,9 por cento) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo e 8 (8,1 por cento) foram negativos. A maioria das bacias leiteiras apresentou uma prevalência semelhante à demonstrada pelo restante do Estado. A bacia 7, região de Passo Fundo apresentou a mais baixa prevalência (12 por cento) e a bacia 9, região de Quaraí, a mais alta (49,5 por cento). As amostras foram divididas em quatro grupos etários: animais até 2 anos, 2 a 4, 4 a 6 e maior que 6 anos. Observou-se que a prevalência aumentou com a idade, com a maior diferença verificada entre o primeiro e o segundo grupo e que a infecção ocorre com maior frequência em animais com mais de 2 anos. Não foi verificada diferença significativa entre título de anticorpos e idade dos animais. A grande relevância dos resultados está na prevalência comprovada de 54,5 por cento de propriedades positivas representando 371 de um total de 685 testadas no Estado. Levando-se em consideração os resultados deste inquérito pode-se afirmar que o Herpesvírus Bovino Tipo 1 encontra-se disseminado no rebanho bovino gaúcho. Medidas de prevenção e controle devem ser adotadas com urgência para impedir a progressão da infecção.
Sera samples of 7956 dairy catlle were tested with the serum neutralization test for antibody prevalence against Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV 1). The samples were collected in 99 counties of the Rio Grande do Sul State. The counties were grouped in 9 dairy regions as determined by the "Cooperativa Central Gaúcha de Leite" (CCGL). The antibody prevalence among the 7956 será samples studied was 18.8 percent. The results demonstrated a similar antibody prevalence among the dairy regions. However, two regions had significant differences. Region 7 represented by "Passo Fundo" county had a prevalence of 12 percent and region 9 represented by "Quaraí" with the highest prevalence with 49.5 percent. The sera samples were divided into four groups according to cattle age: cattle with less than two years of age, 2 to 4, more than 4 to 6, and older than 6 years age. The results showed that the prevalence increases gradually with age. The major difference was between group 1 and 2. The results also demonstrated that the infection is more frequent in cattle older than two years. There was no significant difference among antibody titers between the age groups. The major relevance of the study was the prevalence of 54.5 percent positive herds, that represents 371 positive from a total of 685 herds tested. Considering this prevalence, it is clear that the BHV 1 is disseminated among the dairy population of the State. Prevention and control methods should be adopted so the spread of the infection can be withhold.