ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: An important consequence of the aging of people with DM2 is physical disability, particularly the loss of mobility. Objective: To determine sociodemographic, clinical-functional, and psycho-cognitive factors related to the reduction in hand grip strength (HGS) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and to verify the relationship between HGS and fragility. Method: This is an observational cross-sectional study with 156 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over, both male and female, diagnosed with DM2. The participants were assessed according to sociodemographic, clinical-functional, psycho-cognitive, and functional mobility data. HGS was evaluated using a manual dynamometer. The tests performed were: Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A significant relationship was observed between HGS and each of the following: sex (p < 0.001), age range (p = 0.04), marital status (p = 0.004), physical activity (p = 0.06), number of conditions diagnosed (p = 0.002), use of insulin therapy (p = 0.03), complaint of pain in lower limb power (p < 0.001), falls in the last year (p = 0.004), fear of falling (p = 0.003), Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.01), Geriatric Depression Scale (p = 0.008), fragility phenotype (p < 0.001). Conclusion: HGS was reduced in elderly women with DM2, those who did not have a marital life had five or more diseases diagnosed with insulin therapy, did not engage in regular physical activity, complained of lower limb pain, had a history of two or more falls in the last year, had a fear of falling, had a cognitive deficit, had depressive symptoms, and were fragile.
Resumo Introdução: Uma consequência importante do envelhecimento das pessoas com DM 2 é a incapacidade física, particularmente a perda de mobilidade. Objetivo: Determinar os fatores sociodemográficos, clínico-funcionais e psico-cognitivos relacionados à redução da força de preensão palmar (FPP) em idosos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2) e verificar a relação entre FPP e fragilidade. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, com 156 idosos de 60 anos ou mais, com diagnóstico de DM 2, masculino e feminino. Os sujeitos foram avaliados segundo dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, funcionais, psicocognitivos e de mobilidade funcional. A FPP foi avaliada por meio do Dinamômetro Manual. Foram realizados os testes de Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal-Wallis e Qui-quadrado. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Houve relação significante entre FPP e as variáveis: carga de fragilidade (p < 0,001), sexo (p < 0,001), faixa etária (p = 0,04), estado civil (p = 0,004), atividade física (p = 0,06), número de patologias (p = 0,002), uso de insulinoterapia (p = 0,03), queixa de dor em membros inferiores (p < 0,001), queda no último ano (p = 0,004), medo de cair (p = 0,003), MMSE (p = 0,01), GDS (p = 0,008), fenótipo de fragilidade (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A FPP é reduzida em idosas com DM 2 sem vida conjugal, com cinco ou mais doenças diagnosticadas, com uso de insulinoterapia, não praticantes de atividade física regular, que se queixaram de dor nos membros inferiores, com história de duas ou mais quedas no último ano, medo de cair, com déficit cognitivo, que apresentava sintomas depressivos e eram frágeis
Resumen Introducción: Una consecuencia importante del desarrollo de las tareas con DM 2 es una incapacidad física, particularmente una pierda de movilidad. Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos, clínico-funcionales y psico-cognitivos relacionados a la reducción de la fuerza de asimiento palmar (FPP) en ancianos con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2) e verificar la relación entre FPP y fragilidad. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, con 156 ancianos de 60 años o más, con DM 2, masculino y femenino. Los sujetos fueron evaluados según datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, funcionales, psicocognitivos y de movilidad funcional. La FPP fue evaluada por medio del Dinamómetro Manual. Se realizaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis y Qui-cuadrado, p < 0,05. Resultados: La relación entre el FPP y las variantes de carga de fragilidad (p < 0,001), sexo (p < 0,001), faixa etária (p = 0,04), estado civil (p = 0,004), atividad física ( p = 0,06), número de patologias (p = 0,002), uso de insulinoterapia (p = 0,03), queixa de dor en miembros inferiores (p < 0,001), queda no último año (p = 0,004), medo de cair (p = 0,003), MMSE (p = 0,01), GDS (p = 0,008), fenótipo de fragilidade (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La FPP se reduce en ancianas con DM 2 sin vida conyugal, con cinco o más enfermedades diagnosticadas, con uso de insulinoterapia, no practicantes de actividad física regular, que se quejaron de dolor en los miembros inferiores, con historia de dos o más caídas en el último año, miedo a caer, con déficit cognitivo, que presentaba síntomas depresivos y eran frágiles.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hand Strength , Diabetes Mellitus , AgingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Frailty refers to the loss of physiologic complexity and the associated decline in ability to withstand stressors as one gets older. It is defined as unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity. According to several western studies, frailty is associated with cognitive impairment, but there have been few studies about the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between cognition and factors related to frailty such as grip strength, walking speed, physical activity, and depression, among female patients older than 65 in Korea. METHODS: A total of 121 subjects among the outpatients of the department of family medicine at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital who did not meet the exclusion criteria were included in this study. We divided the participants into 2 groups, according to the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score: 1 group with subjects that had normal cognition and the other group with patients that had impaired cognition. A comparison was made between the 2 groups in regards to the factors related to frailty, and we completed equation that predicting cognition from the frailty related factors. RESULTS: Compared with the impaired cognition group, the subjects in the normal cognition group had higher hand strength, and walked faster (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in physical activity between the 2 groups (P=0.19). When multiple linear regression analysis was performed using age, grip strength, and walking speed as the predictor variables and MoCA score as the dependent variable, the regression coefficients were calculated to be: -0.2015, 0.2294, 1.2372, and -0.1436, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In Korean female patients who are older than 65 years of age, cognition tends to decline as grip strength decreases, walking speed gets slower, depression becomes more severe, and as age increases.