ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Las genodermatosis ictiosiformes constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos de la cornificación caracterizados por hiperqueratosis y descamación de la piel. La ictiosis arlequín es la forma más grave y agresiva de las ictiosis congénitas, presenta una baja prevalencia (1/300 000 nacimientos) con expresividad clínica variable, una evolución desfavorable y pronóstico reservado. Se presenta con un patrón autosómico recesivo y su diagnóstico prenatal es aún difícil. Se presentó el caso de un recién nacido masculino pretérmino de 34 semanas gestacionales, sin historia familiar de trastornos de piel, con un cuadro característico de ictiosis arlequín, quien falleció a los 11 días de vida. Se realizó la caracterización clínica y anatomopatológica de la enfermedad y se ofrece una revisión sobre esta rara entidad (AU).
ABSTRACT Ichthyosiform genodermatoses are a heterogeneous group of cornification disorders characterized by hyperkeratosis and skin flaking. Harlequin ichthyosis is the most aggressive and serious form of congenital ichthyoses, presenting a low prevalence (1/300 000 births), with variable clinical expressivity, an unfavorable evolution and reserved prognosis. It appears with an autosomal recessive pattern and its prenatal diagnosis is still difficult. The authors present the case of a male preterm newborn, of 34 gestational weeks, without family history of skin disorders, and clinical characteristics of Harlequin ichthyosis, who died at the 11 day of birth. The disease clinical and anatomopathologic characterization was carried out and a review of this rare entity is made (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Ichthyosis, Lamellar/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Ichthyosis, Lamellar/mortality , Ichthyosis, Lamellar/therapy , Ichthyosis, Lamellar/epidemiology , Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic/diagnosis , Critical Pathways/standardsABSTRACT
Aims: The purpose of this study is to present a case of Harlequin fetus, which is extremely rare. Presentation of Case: A 27-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 1, was referred to the clinic with a diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Upon ultrasound examination, a fetus with oligohydramnios at 30 weeks of pregnancy was determined. Fetal cardiac activity was present. The fetal nose and ears could not be visualized. The fetal mouth was opened wide and the lips were invisible. The wrists of the upper extremities were edematous. A cesarean section was performed, and a female fetus weighing 1140 g, 44 cm in length, and with 1st and 5th minutes Apgar scores of 6–8 was delivered. The fetal body was covered with dense keratin plaques, her eyes were in ectropion, and her nose and ears were also covered by thick keratin plaques. Eclabium lips, edematous wrists on the extremities, and the hands and feet in flexion were observed. The fetus died 24 hours later in the neonatal intensive care unit. The mother said that her second baby had the same conditions and died on postpartum day one. Discussion and Conclusion: Harlequin ichthyosis is extremely rare and is a severe congenital anomaly that has autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. Prenatal diagnosis can be based on the ultrasound findings and parents’ family history; this can contribute to our understanding of the disease and progress of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. La ictiosis es una entidad clínica poco frecuente a nivel mundial (1:300,000 nacimientos). Sus formas clínicas en el neonato son bebé colodión y su manifestación más severa, feto arlequín o queratoma maligno. Clínicamente, la ictiosis se caracteriza principalmente por piel gruesa, dura y con hendiduras profundas. Las fisuras más prominentes se localizan sobre las áreas de flexión. Además, se observa ectropión en ambos ojos, deformidades en orejas y nariz; los labios se evierten provocando la apariencia de boca de pez. Caso clínico. Se reporta el caso de un bebé colodión, que por su vulnerabilidad tegumentaria se mantuvo bajo aislamiento estricto para evitar infecciones; sin embargo, hubo necesidad de aplicar antibiótico por secreción ocular purulenta causada por Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa negativa. El paciente evolucionó aceptablemente. Conclusiones. El bebé colodión ha disminuido su mortalidad gracias al cuidado multidisciplinario, por lo que su identificación y manejo deben ser oportunos.
Background. Ichtyosis is an infrequent clinical entity worldwide (1:300 000 births). When diagnosed in a newborn, we can identify two forms: collodion baby and its most severe form, harlequin fetus or maligna keratoma. In both cases, clinical manifestations are thick and hard skin with deep splits. The splits are more prominent in flexion areas. Moreover, we can observe ectropion in both eyes and deformities in the ears and nose, as well as inverted lips that resemble the mouth of a fish, among others signs. Case report. We report a case of a collodion baby who was kept in strict isolation to avoid any infection. However, due to purulent ocular secretions due to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic treatment was indicated. The evolution of the patient was favorable. Conclusions. Mortality of the collodion baby has decreased as a result of multidisciplinary care and opportune diagnosis and management.
ABSTRACT
La ictiosis es un raro trastorno que fue descrito por primera vez en 1750 por el reverendo Oliver Hart, en los Estados Unidos. Se presenta el caso de un feto del sexo masculino con aspecto externo de genodermatosis extrema compatible con ictiosis congénita grave, conocida como feto de arlequín. Se realizó la caracterización clínica y anatomopatológica de la enfermedad y se ofrece una revisión sobre esta rara genodermatosis que tiene un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo y para la cual no existe ningún tratamiento exitoso, por lo que resulta una enfermedad letal. Se ofrecen resultados de la necropsia y se presentan fotografías del caso.
Ichthyosis is a rare disorder first described in 1750 by Reverend Oliver Hart in United States. Authors present a case of male fetus with external aspect of extreme genodermatosis, compatible with severe congenital ichthyosis, known as "Harlequin fetus". We performed a clinical and anatomical-pathologic characterization of disease, and it is offered a review on this rare genodermatosis with a heritance autosomal recessive pattern and for which there is not successful treatment, thus, it is lethal disease. Necropsy finding are offered as well as case photos.