Anatomical features of the proximal femur in the Turkish population / Características anatómicas del fémur proximal en la población turca

SUMMARY: Different populations have different genetic traits, and this causes various anatomical features to emerge. Orthopedic implants used in Turkey are generally of Western origin, and these implants are designed based on the anatomical features of Western populations. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of existing implants for the Turkish population by revealing the anatomical features of the proximal femurs of individuals from the Turkish population while also constituting a helpful source of data on newly developed implants. A total of 1920 proximal femurs of 960 patients were evaluated via images obtained by Computer Tomography. Twenty patients (10 females and 10 males) for each age within the age range of 18-65 years were included. Femoral head diameter, femoral neck width, femoral neck length, medullary canal width, and collodiaphyseal angle were measured. The right and left femoral head diameter was 46.46±3.84 mm, 46.50 ±3.85 mm respectively. The right and left femoral neck width was 30.63±3.4 mm, 30.85±3.29 mm respectively. The neck length was 94.62±8.33 mm for the right proximal femur, it was 94.75±8.19 mm for the left. The width of the medullary canal was 15.46±2.25 mm for the right proximal femur and 15.53±2.20 mm for the left. The right and left hips, the collodiaphyseal angles were 133.06±2.39° and 133.13±2.36°. Anatomical features of the proximal femur vary according to age, sex, and race. This study may be used as an important resource for the evaluation of patients' compatibility with existing implants and for the design of new implants.

Diferentes poblaciones tienen diferentes rasgos genéticos, y esto hace que surjan varias características anatómicas. Los implantes ortopédicos utilizados en Turquía son generalmente de origen occidental y estos implantes están diseñados en función de las características anatómicas de estas poblaciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la compatibilidad de los implantes existentes para la población turca al revelar las características anatómicas de las epífisis proximales de fémures de individuos de la población turca y, al mismo tiempo, constituir una fuente útil de datos sobre implantes recientemente desarrollados. Se evaluaron un total de 1920 fémures proximales de 960 pacientes mediante imágenes obtenidas por tomografía computarizada. Se incluyeron veinte pacientes (10 mujeres y 10 hombres) para cada edad dentro del rango de edad de 18 a 65 años. Se midió el diámetro de la cabeza femoral, el ancho del cuello femoral, la longitud del cuello femoral, el ancho del canal medular y el ángulo colodiafisario. El diámetro de la cabeza femoral derecha e izquierda fue de 46,46 ± 3,84 mm, 46,50 ± 3,85 mm, respectivamente. La anchura del cuello femoral derecho e izquierdo fue de 30,63±3,4 mm, 30,85±3,29 mm, respectivamente. La longitud del cuello fue de 94,62±8,33 mm para el fémur derecho, fue de 94,75±8,19 mm, para el izquierdo. El ancho del canal medular fue de 15,46±2,25 mm para el fémur derecho y de 15,53±2,20 mm para el izquierdo. Las caderas derecha e izquierda, los ángulos colodiafisarios fueron 133,06±2,39° y 133,13±2,36°. Las características anatómicas de la epífisis proximal del fémur varían según la edad, el sexo y la raza. Este estudio puede utilizarse como un recurso importante para la evaluación de la compatibilidad de los pacientes con los implantes existentes y para el diseño de nuevos implantes.

Sexual Dimorphism of Femur and its Clinical Significance

Introduction: Assessment of human sex from skeletal remains plays a key role in anthropological and medico legal studies. Hence this study was taken to assess the sex form an isolated bone i.e. femur, with as far as possible minimal parameters to ascertain the sex. Subjects and Methods: A study was conducted with 100 non pathological femora. (50male, 50 females ) in different age groups of known sex. The present study was to determine the sex by using 5 parameters i.e Maximum length, Head vertical diameter, Transverse head diameter, Proximal breadth, Distal breadth of the femur has been taken because it gives some useful data in medico legal cases, When only the remains of femur bone were left in deceased individuals. The measurements of femur bone were taken with the help of osteometric board and Vernier calliper. Results: The readings were noticed. The readings were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. It was noticed that all the studied parameters were greater in males than in females. Conclusion: The present study on the determination of sex of femora will be more reliable basis for the sex determination because it shows the values in this geographical region. This is believed to be more useful in the investigative procedures in the Forensic Medicine and also in the field of orthopaedics.

Humeral Head And Glenoid Dimensions In The Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study

Background: Shoulder prosthesis should accurately mimic the proximal shoulder and glenoid anatomy to recreatethe shoulder biomechanics. There may be a mismatch in the sizes of the Indian native bone and the currentlyavailable western shoulder prosthesis, since the bony morphology of Indians may be different from that of thewestern counterpart.Purpose: To measure the average humeral head diameter and glenoid length and width, so that a proper implantselection may be done based on the knowledge of average Indian bony morphology.Methods: Twenty shoulders in ten fresh cadavers were dissected to expose the humeral head and glenoidarticular surface. The humeral head diameter was measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper in twoplanes: Supero-inferior diameter (D1) and antero-posterior diameter (D2). The glenoid length (l) and width (w)were measured with the help of a vernier caliper.Results: The average humeral head diameter (D1) ± S.D. in the Supero-inferior plane was 45±3.4 mm (range 40-50.6mm) and antero-posterior (D2) plane was 42.7±2.2 mm (range 40-46mm) with a mean difference of 2.2 mm.The average length of the glenoid (l) was 35.4±1.3 mm (range 32-37mm) and width of the glenoid (w) was 25.3±2.1mm (range 21-28mm). The shape of the humeral head was more ellipsoidal at diameters above 45 mm.Conclusion. We can conclude that the humeral head diameters and glenoid length and width in Indian populationare smaller than the western counterparts. The ellipsoidal shape of the humeral heads becomes more marked atdiameters above 45mm.

A study of sexual dimorphism of femoral head in Gujarat region.

Various diameters of head of femur have been in use for sex determination. These diameters vary region wise also. Therefore we undertook the study in Jamnagar region of Gujarat. Maximum diameter of the femoral head was measured in 184 dry, normal, adult, human femora (136 male & 48 female) obtained from M. P. Shah Medical College Jamnagar Gujarat. Mean Values obtained were, 43.75 and 40.33 for right male and female, and 43.88 and 40.64 for left male and female respectively. Higher value in male was statistically highly significant (P< 0.001) on both sides. The data was subjected to demarking point (D.P.) analysis. Maximum head diameter identified 11.90% of right male femora and 7.25% of left male femora; in female it identified 4% of left female femora while it was not useful (0.00%) for right female bone. Though the sex of the bone can be determined from head of the femur bone, in itself it is far from conclusive.

Efeito de paclobutrazol como regulador de crescimento e produção de flores de girassol em cultivo hidropônico / Effect of paclobutrazol as regulator of growth in production of flowers of sunflower in cultivo hidropônico

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar os efeitos de um regulador de crescimento (paclobutrazol) sobre o crescimento e a produção de flores de girassol em vasos, crescidos sob sistema hidropônico. Foram utilizados dois genótipos de girassol (BRS Oásis e Helio 358), combinados com seis doses de paclobutrazol (0;0,5;1;2;4 e 6 mg.L-1) e substrato inerte de sílica moída. A solução nutritiva foi a de Hoagland modificada (EPSTEIN & BLOOM, 2004) e as plantas foram mantidas sob aeração constante. Para avaliar os efeitos do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento das plantas (altura final e diâmetro de capítulo), as variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variação (teste F), utilizando-se rotinas do sistema SAS/STAT , aplicando-se, para os valores significativos a 5 por cento de probabilidade e a regressão linear e não linear para a análise dos parâmetros aferidos, em função das doses do regulador de crescimento. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que há efeito do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento e sobre a produção de flores de girassol, reduzindo a altura final das plantas e o diâmetro dos capítulos, sendo que doses elevadas causaram deformações nas plantas e má formação nas flores. Helio 358 apresentou-se mais adequado para a produção ornamental, sendo melhor dose entre 1 e 2 mgL-1de paclobutrazol.

This work had the aim of studying the effects of a growth regulator (paclobutrazol) on the growth and the production of sunflowers in vases, with hidroponic solution. Two sunflower genotipes were used (BRS Oásis and Helio 358), combined with sixpaclobutrazol doses (0;0,5;1;2;4 and 6 mg.L-1) and inert substratum of silex ground. The nutritious solution was a Hoagland modified (EPSTEIN & BLOOM, 2004) and the plants were maintained under constant aeration. To evaluate the effects of the paclobutrazol on the growth of the plants (final height and head diameter), the variables were submitted to the variation analysis (F tests) , being used routines of the system SAS/STAT, being applied, for the significant values at 5 percent of probability and the lineal and not lineal regression for the analysis of the parameters checked, in function of the growth regulator doses. The analysis of the data allowed to conclude that there is effect of the paclobutrazol on the growth and on the production of sunflowers, reducing the final height of the plants and head diameter, and the high doses caused deformations in the plants and bad formation in the flowers. Helio 358 presented to be more adequate for the ornamental production, being the best dose between 1 and 2 mgL-1de paclobutrazol.

Early Dislocation Rate with Large Femoral Heads in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of early dislocation in a series of a small femoral heads with a series of larger femoral heads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed 84 primary total hip arthroplasties, which were performed between January 2002 and January 2006 and were followed more than 6 months. The cases were divided into two groups, a smaller head group (28 & 32 mm) and a larger head group (36 mm). The incidence of dislocation was recorded for both groups during the first 3 months after surgery. The probability that the incidence of dislocation between both groups was significantly different from the expected dislocation rate was assessed based on the assumed risk of an early dislocation of 2%. The two groups were compared with regard to the size of the acetabular cup. RESULTS: There were 6 early dislocations in the smaller head group, while no dislocations occurred in the larger head group. The incidence of expected dislocation, assuming a 2% dislocation rate, was similar for the smaller head group but different for the larger head group. The size of the acetabular cup was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the advantage of a larger femoral head in reducing the early dislocation rates.

Roentgenographic Study on Shape and Size of the Femoral Head of Normal Korean Adults / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In order to provide the basic data about the hip joint arthroplasty, we measured the femoral head diameter, offset and position in normal 150 males and 150 females using a standardized roentgenographic technique that provided views perpendicular to the plane of the femoral neck in which the focus centered on the lesser trochanter of the femur. We obtained 11.4% of magnification rate by comparing the real size of femoral marker with radiologic size. The result of this study are as following: The mean femoral head diameter was 46.4 ±4.1mm in male and 45.1±3.8mm in female. The mean femoral head offset was 39.2±4.8mm in male and 37.8±4.6mm in female. The mean femoral head position was 48.9±3.2mm in male and 47.6±3.6mm in female.