Factors associated with levels of empathy among students and professionals in the health field: a systematic review

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate factors associated with empathy and identify instruments used to measure this ability in professionals and students in the health field. Method A systematic review was performed. Searches were conducted on the PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the keywords "empathy" and "health professional". We selected 29 articles published in English, with no restriction imposed regarding the year of publication. Results Based on the findings of the articles selected, sociodemographic factors (female gender, being married, being older, having siblings, and having children) are associated with higher levels of empathy. Professional experience (years of practice) and being on the final years of the course also contributed to higher levels of empathy. Different versions of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy were the most prevalent assessment tools employed in the different studies. Conclusion The articles analyzed describe several factors that influence the level of empathy among health professionals and students. Thus, future studies should take sociodemographic factors into account when evaluating levels of empathy in this population.

Quality of life, depressive and minor psychiatrics symptoms in nursing students / Calidad de vida, síntomas depresivos y psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes de enfermería / Qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos e psiquiátricos menores em estudantes de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess quality of life, prevalence of depressive and minor psychiatric symptoms in Nursing students. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted from March to April 2018, at a federal university. Sample composed of 242 Nursing students, from the 1st to the 8th semester. Data was collected using the quality of life instruments, Beck Depression Inventory and Self-Report Questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: The mean age was 22.9 ± 5.1 years. It was found that 25% of the students had severe depressive symptoms and 54% of the students had minor psychiatric disorders, with a higher prevalence in the first semesters. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing students showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, indicating the importance of implementing actions to promote and prevent mental health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar calidad de vida, prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes de Enfermería. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado de marzo a abril de 2018, en una universidad federal. Muestra compuesta por 242 académicos de Enfermería, del 1º al 8º semestre. Los datos han sido recogidos por medio de los instrumentos de calidad de vida, Inventario de Depresión de Beck y Self-Report Questionnaire. Se ha considerado nivel de acepción de 0,05. Resultados: La media de edad ha sido 22,9±5,1 años. Se ha verificado que 25% de los alumnos presentaron síntomas depresivos graves y 54% de los alumnos presentaron trastornos psiquiátricos menores, con mayor prevalencia en los primeros semestres. Se ha observado relación inversa entre frecuencia de síntomas depresivos y escores de la calidad de vida (p = 0,05). Conclusión: Los académicos de Enfermería presentaron elevada prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, indicando la importancia de la implantación de acciones para promoción y prevención de la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar qualidade de vida, prevalência de sintomas depressivos e psiquiátricos menores em estudantes de Enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de março a abril de 2018, em uma universidade federal. Amostra composta por 242 acadêmicos de Enfermagem, do 1º ao 8º semestre. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos instrumentos de qualidade de vida, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Self-Report Questionnaire. Considerou-se nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 22,9±5,1 anos. Verificou-se que 25% dos alunos apresentaram sintomas depressivos graves e 54% dos alunos apresentaram transtornos psiquiátricos menores, com maior prevalência nos primeiros semestres. Observou-se relação inversa entre frequência de sintomas depressivos e escores da qualidade de vida (p = 0,05). Conclusão: Os acadêmicos de Enfermagem apresentaram elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos, indicando a importância da implantação de ações para promoção e prevenção da saúde mental.

Implicit attitudes toward the elderly among health professionals and undergraduate students in the health field: a systematic review / Atitude implícita em relação ao idoso em profissionais de saúde e estudantes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To perform a systematic review of articles evaluating implicit attitudes of health professionals and undergraduate students in the health field toward the elderly. Methods The PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS databases were searched for relevant articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish using the following search terms: implicit attitude AND (elderly OR aged OR older people). Seven articles were selected. Results The majority of studies were conducted in developed countries and found negative attitudes toward the elderly, with males exhibiting more negative attitudes than females. Conclusion The articles analyzed in this review demonstrate an implicitly negative attitude among professionals and students in the field of health toward the elderly.

Resumo Objetivo Realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados que avaliam atitudes implícitas em relação ao idoso de profissionais de saúde e estudantes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Método A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS, buscando artigos relevantes publicados em inglês, português e espanhol. Foram utilizados os seguintes operadores booleanos: implicit attitude AND (elderly OR aged OR older people). Foram selecionados 7 artigos. Resultado A maioria dos estudos selecionados foi realizada em países desenvolvidos e relatou uma atitude negativa em relação aos idosos. Indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram mais atitude negativa que os do sexo feminino. Conclusão Os artigos analisados nesta revisão mostram que a atitude negativa em relação ao público idoso está implicitamente presente entre os profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde.

Perception and Performance about Patients' Medical Information Protection in Allied Health College Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify perception, performance, and the related factors of performance in regards to patients' medical information protection among allied health college students. METHODS: Four hundred twelve subjects from three colleges located in Jeonbuk and Kyungbuk province consented to participate. Data was collected from November 28 to December 15, 2012. To assess perception and performance in regards to patients' medical information protection, a self-reporting questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed via SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: The score of perception and performance about patients' medical information protection were 4.07 and 3.56, respectively. All item's scores of performance were significantly lower than those of perception. The perception score was significantly different according to recognition of hospital ethics code (t=1.95, p=.052), and recognition of association ethics code (t=2.88, p=.004). The performance score was significantly different according to gender (t=-3.32, p=001), major (F=14.41, p<.001), clinical practicum hospitals (F=8.22, p<.001), and method of electronic medical record access (F=3.23, p=.023). The factors influencing performance were perception(beta=.46, p<.001), duration of clinical practice(beta=-.36, p<.001), and gender(beta=.09, p=.033). CONCLUSION: In order to improve performance in regards to patients' medical information protection of allied health college students, we should develop ethical education programs and standardize them through multidisciplinary collaboration.

Ansiedad, depresión, estrés y organización de la personalidad en estudiantes novatos de medicina y enfermería / Anxiety, depression, stress and personality organization in medical and nursing freshmen

Introduction: The Health students are likely to experience anxiety, depression and stress freshman year, affecting their performance and adaptation. The scant evidence of the relationship between personality like dispositional-condition with the above symptoms, limited understanding of this phenomenon in the studied sample. Objective: To establish the relationship of the dimensions of personality, anxiety, depression and stress freshmen in medical and nursing. Method: We surveyed the Kernberg inventory of personality organization and scale of depression, anxiety and stress, to a sample of 110 university/as first-year medical and nursing schools, three universities of La Serena and Coquimbo, data thrown by two instruments were correlated using r Pearson’s. Results: It was found correlation between all dimensions of personality organization, with anxiety, depression and stress. In addition, 47 percent have anxiety, depression 28 percent and 44 percent stress amid a severe ranges. A 65 percent rate with borderline personality structure where two dimensions of personality have high values. Conclusion: It is found that the greater integration of the personality, the lower the level of anxiety, depression and stress, Since it is proposed to evaluate early both conditions would guide remedial actions that favor the development of these students early stages of the learning process moreover the discussion arises around being considered to evaluate behaviors entries in the selection process to the races.

Introducción: Los estudiantes de salud están proclives a presentar ansiedad, depresión y estrés en el primer año de carrera, afectándose su desempeño y adaptación. La escasa evidencia de la relación entre la personalidad -como condición disposicional- con los síntomas antes mencionados, limita la comprensión de este fenómeno en la muestra estudiada. Objetivo: Establecer la relación de las dimensiones de personalidad, con la ansiedad, depresión y estrés en estudiantes de primer año de medicina y enfermería. Método: Se encuestó con el inventario de organización de personalidad de Kernbergy la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, a una muestra de 110 universitarios/as de primer año de medicina y enfermería, de tres universidades de La Serena y Coquimbo, los datos arrojados por ambos instrumentos se correlacionaron usando r de Pearson. Resultados: Se encontró correlación entre todas las dimensiones de organización de la personalidad, con la ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Además, un 47 por ciento presenta ansiedad, 28 por ciento depresión y 44 por ciento estrés, en rangos medio a muy severo. Un 65 por ciento califica con estructura de personalidad limítrofe donde dos dimensiones de personalidad presentan valores altos. Conclusión: Se constata que a mayor integración de la personalidad, menor es el nivel de ansiedad, depresión y estrés, A partir de ello se propone que evaluar tempranamente ambas condiciones permitiría orientar acciones paliativas que favorezcan el desarrollo de estos estudiantes en etapas iniciales del proceso formativo, por otra parte, se plantea la discusión en torno a ser consideradas conductas de entradas a evaluar en los procesos de selección a las carreras.

Juego patológico en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública peruana, 2010 / Pathological gambling in a public university students in Peru, 2010

Introducción: La ludopatía o juego patológico es un problema social y de salud mental que se refiere al comportamiento desadaptativo, repetido, persistente y dependiente de juego por dinero. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es determinar la frecuencia de juego patológico en estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana durante el periodo 2010. El estudio se aplicó como herramientas de tamizaje el test SOGS-RA, South Oaks Gambling Screen � modificado para jóvenes, para probable juego patológico y jugadores en riesgo, a 365 estudiantes universitarios. Hallazgos: Se encontró una frecuencia de 29.7% de probable juego patológico y 37.8% de jugadores en riesgo, con predominio de los videojuegos (27,6%) y el billar (18,1%). Siendo la invitación (36%) el motivo más frecuente por el que acudieron a jugar por primera vez. Con diferencias significativas respecto al sexo (p<0,05), con predominio en los varones; así también, respecto al año de estudios, con predominio del primer año de estudio (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los problemas de juego patológico tienen una alta frecuencia en la población universitaria estudiada, lo cual constituye una problemática que merece atención inmediata desde la perspectiva de la salud pública.(AU)

Introduction: Compulsive gambling or pathological gambling is a social and mental health concerns adaptive behavior des, repeated, persistent and dependent on gambling. Objetive: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of pathological gambling in a public university students during the period 2010 Peruvian. Was used as screening tools SOGSRA test, South Oaks Gambling Screen - Customized young, for probable pathological gambling and players at risk, to 365 college students. Findings: The frequency of 29.7% of probable pathological gambling and 37.8% of players at risk, with prevalence of video games (27.6%) and billiards (18.1%). As the invitation (36%) the most common reason that came to play for the first time. With respect to gender differences (p <0.05), with predominance in males likewise, for a year of studies, predominantly in the first year of study (p <0.05). Conclusions: Pathological gambling problems have a high frequency in that population studied, which is a problem that deserves immediate attention from the perspective of public health.(AU)