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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(6): e07992023, Jun. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557528

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo discute questões sobre o futuro da humanidade ante as ameaças que rondam a saúde das populações, cujo impacto vem se exacerbando no curso das desigualdades em todas as partes do mundo, pari passu o desenvolvimento global no modelo hegemonizado a partir do século passado. A pandemia de COVID-19 foi tomada como um caso que bem ilustra essa dessintonia entre desenvolvimento e desigualdades. Formulam-se perguntas a serem postas em debate sobre a construção do futuro da sociedade mundial, com base na acepção sobre o caráter evolucional da vida no planeta vis-à-vis os males que acometem grandes contingentes populacionais e representam poderosos riscos para esse processo evolutivo. São indagações que apontam para a discussão em torno da participação social na definição e no controle das políticas públicas, em contrapartida à hegemonia dos interesses privados na formulação e execução dessas políticas, tanto nos cenários de cada país como no contexto internacional.


Abstract This article discusses questions concerning the future of humanity in the face of threats to the health of populations, whose impact has been exacerbated in the course of inequalities in all parts of the world, pari passu with global development in the hegemonized model since last century. The COVID-19 pandemic is a good example that illustrates this dissonance between development and inequalities. Questions were formulated to be debated about the construction of the future of world society, based on the understanding of the evolutionary character of life on the planet vis-à-vis the evils that affect large contingents of the population and represent powerful risks for this evolutionary process. These questions call attention to the discussion around social participation in the definition and control of public policies, as opposed to the hegemony of private interests in the formulation and execution of these policies, both in the scenarios of each country and in the international context.

2.
Rev. méd. (La Paz) ; 29(2): 112-117, 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530240

ABSTRACT

Se introduce el concepto de modelos en la ciencia y práctica médicas. Se analizan dos modelos vigentes en la medicina contemporánea: el modelo "biomédico" (MBM), actualmente predominante, y el modelo bio-psico-social (MBPS), que cuestiona el reduccionismo del primero. Se revisa la historia y contenido conceptual de ambos. Se revisa la "teoría general de sistemas" como referente de ambos modelos. Se introduce el ''modelo centrado en el paciente" como práctica dialógica.


The concept of models in medical science and practice is introduced. Two current models in contemporary medicine are analyzed: the "biomedical" model (MBM), currently predominant, and the bio-psycho-social model (MBPS), which questions the reductionism of the former. The history and conceptual content of both are reviewed. The "general systems theory" is reviewed as a reference for both models. The "patient-centered model" is introduced as a dialogic practice.

3.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 24-24, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928842

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#There are only limited numbers of reviews on the association of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure during pregnancy with adverse fetal growth. Thus, this article aims to review: (1) the effect of associations between the above highlighted factors on adverse fetal growth and (2) recent birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks.@*METHODS@#Based on a search of the PubMed database through August 2021, 68 epidemiological studies on gene-environment interactions, focusing on the association between environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure and adverse fetal growth was identified. Moreover, we also reviewed recent worldwide birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks.@*RESULTS@#Thirty studies examined gene-smoking associations with adverse fetal growth. Sixteen maternal genes significantly modified the association between maternal smoking and adverse fetal growth. Two genes significantly related with this association were detected in infants. Moreover, the maternal genes that significantly interacted with maternal smoking during pregnancy were cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 3 (XRCC3), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ alpha 1 (HLA-DQA1), HLA DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Fetal genes that had significant interactions with maternal smoking during pregnancy were glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Thirty-eight studies examined the association between chemical exposures and adverse fetal growth. In 62 of the 68 epidemiological studies (91.2%), a significant association was found with adverse fetal growth. Across the studies, there was a wide variation in the analytical methods used, especially with respect to the genetic polymorphisms of interest, environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals examined, and the study design used to estimate the gene-environment interactions. It was also found that a consistently increasing number of European and worldwide large-scale birth cohort studies on environmental health risks have been conducted since approximately 1996.@*CONCLUSION@#There is some evidence to suggest the importance of gene-environment interactions on adverse fetal growth. The current knowledge on gene-environment interactions will help guide future studies on the combined effects of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Fetal Development , Gene-Environment Interaction , Life Style , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Polymorphism, Genetic
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 123 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416953

ABSTRACT

Após o reconhecimento de princípios evolutivos e da epigenética associada à plasticidade do desenvolvimento, a ciência de DOHaD (Origens Desenvolvimentistas da Saúde e Doença) floresceu. Segundo DOHaD, a exposição a condições adversas no início da vida, como a subnutrição, leva a respostas adaptativas para aumentar as chances de sobrevivência imediata e posterior, as quais podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no curso da vida. Outros insultos como obesidade (materna e paterna) na preconcepção e gestação, diabetes gestacional, aleitamento e a alimentação inadequada na infância podem induzir respostas não adaptativas e aumentar o risco de doenças, independentemente do ambiente posterior. A exposição à desreguladores endócrinos, substâncias tóxicas e poluentes também podem ter efeitos de longo prazo. Esses efeitos são mediados por alterações epigenéticas, as quais se tornam mais sensíveis nesse período crítico de desenvolvimento de intensa reorganização. Diante da transição nutricional e coexistência das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos países de baixa e média renda (PBMR); do aumento global das DCNT, cujo impacto social e econômico é maior nesses países; da fraca contribuição de fatores genéticos fixos na etiologia dessas doenças; e da ineficácia das atuais intervenções, a implementação de DOHaD representa uma estratégia potencial para beneficiar as futuras gerações. Considerando que a disseminação de DOHaD não têm acompanhado seu florescimento científico, esse trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um ebook direcionado para nutricionistas e um artigo relativo aos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na perspectiva de DOHaD, a fim de aproximar a ciência destes profissionais e fomentar sua implementação. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura a partir artigos científicos em inglês e português, publicados nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e BVS, sem limite de data. O trabalho evidenciou que o desafio da dupla carga de doenças e das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos PBMR, foi agravado pela pandemia, tornando imperativo medidas de intervenção por seu provável impacto no ciclo intergeracional de DCNT e desenvolvimento dos países. A aproximação dessa ciência do nutricionista, propicia uma formação mais ampla e integrativa, através de capacitação técnica e habilidades interpessoais, capazes de acionar as fragilidades biopsicossociais, e melhor intervir, equacionando resultados de curto e longo prazo, a fim de interromper o ciclo intergeracional de DCNT, assim como otimizar o capital humano, a capacidade de produção e renda da futura geração. Conclui-se que o material desenvolvido é de grande valia, dado que a disseminação desse conhecimento deve se estender aos nutricionistas de todas as áreas e ser multiplicado


After evolutionary and epigenetics principles associated with the plasticity of development were recognized, DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) science flourished. According to DOHaD, the exposure to adverse conditions at the beginning of life, like undernutrition, leads to adaptive responses to increased immediate and later odds of survival, which may increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) during life. Other conditions such as obesity (maternal and paternal) in preconception and pregnancy, gestational diabetes, lactation, and inadequate nourishment during infancy can induce non-adaptive responses and increased risk of diseases, regardless of the upcoming environment. The exposure to endocrine disruptors, and toxic and pollutant substances can also have long-term effects. Those effects are mediated by epigenetic changes, which become more sensitive during this critical period of development under intense reorganization. Considering the nutritional transition and coexistence of the different forms of undernutrition in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); the global increase of NCDs, with a higher social and economic impact in those countries; the weak contribution of fixed genetic factors in the etiology of those diseases; and the inefficacy of current interventions, the implementation of DOHaD represents a potential strategy to benefit future generations. Considering that the dissemination of DOHaD have not followed its scientific progress, the goal of the present work was to develop an e-book targeting nutritionists and an article about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of DOHaD, intended to drive the science closer to those professionals and foster its implementation. It is a narrative review of the literature regarding scientific articles published in English and Portuguese on the data bases SciELO, PubMed and BVS, with no date limit. The work has highlighted that the challenge of the double burden of the diseases and the several forms of undernutrition in the LMIC, was aggravated by the pandemic, making intervention measures imperative due to its likely impact on the intergenerational cycle of NCD and the development of countries. By inching closer to nutritionists this science provides larger and more integrative education through technical training and interpersonal abilities that help activate biopsychosocial fragilities, and better intervention; providing short- and long-term results aiming to interrupt the NCD intergenerational cycle, as well as optimize the human capital, the work and income capacity of the future generation. It is concluded that the material developed is of great value, given that the dissemination of this knowledge should reach all nutritionists from all areas and be multiplied


Subject(s)
Books , Libraries, Digital/trends , Pandemics , Nutritionists/psychology , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational , Life , Malnutrition/classification , Famine, Occult , Epigenomics/organization & administration , Noncommunicable Diseases , Noncommunicable Diseases/classification , COVID-19/etiology , Literature , Obesity
5.
Rev. med. (La Paz) ; 28(2): 77-87, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424117

ABSTRACT

Luego de una reflexión sobre la felicidad del ser humano y la tendencia moderna de equipararla a la salud, se hace un recuento evolutivo del concepto de salud y enfermedad. Se desarrolla la medicalización de la vida, entendida como la invasión de la medicina en aspectos de la sociedad y la vida que no son patológicos en sí mismos ni pasibles de tratamiento, en su conceptualización, proceso, protagonistas y consecuencias. Se refiere las no-enfermedades y la prevención cuaternaria, como procesos colaterales. Se concluye con una crítica literaria de la medicalización.


After a reflection on the happiness of the human being and the modern tendency to equate it to health, an evolutionary account of the concept of health and disease is made. The medicalization of life is developed, understood as the invasion of medicine in aspects of society and life that are not pathological in themselves or subject to treatment, in its conceptualization, process, protagonists and consequences. Non-diseases and quaternary prevention are referred to as collateral processes. It concludes with a literary critique of medicalization.


Subject(s)
Medicalization , Life
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(4): 256-263, Apr. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013601

ABSTRACT

Abstract The hypothesis of fetal origins to adult diseases proposes that metabolic chronic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension originate in the developmental plasticity due to intrauterine insults. These processes involve an adaptative response by the fetus to changes in the environmental signals, which can promote the reset of hormones and of the metabolism to establish a "thrifty phenotype". Metabolic alterations during intrauterine growth restriction can modify the fetal programming. The present nonsystematic review intended to summarize historical and current references that indicated that developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) occur as a consequence of altered maternal and fetal metabolic pathways. The purpose is to highlight the potential implications of growth factors and adipokines in "developmental programming", which could interfere in the development by controlling fetal growth patterns. These changes affect the structure and the functional capacity of various organs, including the brain, the kidneys, and the pancreas. These investigations may improve the approach to optimizing antenatal as well as perinatal care aimed to protect newborns against long-termchronic diseases.


Resumo A hipótese das origens fetais de doenças em adultos propõe que distúrbios crônicos metabólicos, incluindo doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e hipertensão, se originam na plasticidade do desenvolvimento devido a insultos intrauterinos. Estes processos envolvem uma resposta adaptativa do feto amudanças nos sinais ambientais que podem promover a redefinição dos hormônios e do metabolismo para estabelecer um "fenótipo poupador". Alteraçõesmetabólicas durante a restrição de crescimento intrauterino podem modificar a programação fetal. A presente revisão não-sistemática pretendeu resumir referências históricas e atuais que indicassem que as origens desenvolvimentistas da saúde e doença (DOHaD, na sigla em inglês) ocorrem como consequência de alterações nas vias metabólicas materna e fetal. O propósito é destacar as potenciais implicações de fatores de crescimento e adipocinas na "programação do desenvolvimento", que poderia interferir no desenvolvimento, controlando os padrões de crescimento fetal. Estas alterações afetam a estrutura e a capacidade funcional de inúmeros órgãos, incluindo o cérebro, os rins e o pâncreas. Estas investigações podemmelhorar a abordagempara otimizar os cuidados prénatais e perinatais, como objetivo de proteger os recém-nascidos contra doenças crônicas em longo prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Growth Retardation/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases , Chronic Disease , Longitudinal Studies , Fetal Development , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Fetal Growth Retardation/blood
7.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 23: e180383, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012457

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa de cunho etnográfico buscou refletir sobre o cotidiano de crianças com condições crônicas e complexas (CCC) com hospitalizações prolongadas. Foram realizadas: coleta de dados em prontuário, observações participantes do cotidiano hospitalar, e entrevistas com as mães de crianças internadas em duas unidades pediátricas. Os principais resultados mostraram que o cotidiano desses sujeitos era engendrado numa íntima relação do corpo com o ambiente e a importância da mediação das mães e dos profissionais de saúde nesse cenário. Como considerações, discute-se sobre as necessidades de saúde das crianças com CCC, que não contemplam apenas medicamentos e técnicas. É fundamental entender que o hospital constitui um espaço de vida cotidiana para essa população, o que implica a valorização da inclusão das mães e a oferta de espaços e atividades que possam favorecer o dia a dia dessas crianças.(AU)


This ethnographic study reflected upon the experiences of prolonged hospitalization among children with chronic and complex conditions (CCC). Data was collected from the patients' medical records, participant observation, and interviews conducted with the parents of children hospitalized in two pediatric units. The findings reveal that the patients' daily lives were engendered by an intimate relationship between the body and environment and the importance of the mediation of parents and health professionals in this setting. A number of considerations are suggested, including the fact that the health needs of children with CCC extend beyond medication and techniques. It is vital to understand that the daily life of these children is played out temporarily in the hospital and therefore theses settings require the active presence of mothers and the provision of spaces and activities to optimize the daily lives of these children.(AU)


Este estudio de cuño etnográfico buscó reflexionar sobre el cotidiano de niños con condiciones crónicas y complejas (CCC) con hospitalizaciones prolongadas. Se realizaron colecta de datos en historial, observaciones participantes del cotidiano hospitalario y entrevistas con las madres de niños internados en dos unidades pediátricas. Los principales resultados mostraron que el cotidiano de esos sujetos se engendraba en una íntima relación del cuerpo con el ambiente y la importancia de la mediación de las madres y de los profesionales de la salud en ese escenario. Como consideraciones, se discute sobre las necesidades de salud de los niños con CCC que no incluyen tan solo medicamentos y técnicas. Es fundamental entender que el hospital se constituye como espacio de vida cotidiana para esta población, lo que implica la valorización de la inclusión de las madres y la oferta de espacios y actividades que puedan favorecer el el dia a dia de estos ninõs.(AU)

8.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 15(2): 273-291, mayo-ago. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900248

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivos: contribuir a la investigación sobre la vinculación entre la política sanitaria de profilaxis venérea y el proceso de producción, importación y circulación de medicamentos para el tratamiento de los "males secretos" durante el siglo xx en Argentina. Desarrollo: desde 1936 el Estado desplegó una política de profilaxis venérea que otorgó prerrogativas a los grupos privados para la producción e importación de fármacos. Mientras el Departamento Nacional de Higiene promovió un tratamiento estandarizado de las dolencias, los laboratorios privados usaron publicidades para construir, ampliar y segmentar el mercado consumidor. En este artículo destacamos cómo el mensaje de las propagandas de medicamentos contra las dolencias de transmisión sexual en las revistas médicas tenía como fin transformar a los galenos en agentes de recomendación de dichos productos. Conclusiones: el tratamiento estandarizado impuesto por la burocracia sanitaria estimuló la producción, importación y oferta de fármacos de laboratorios nacionales y extranjeros. Los anuncios publicitarios apelaron al galeno como portador de un criterio legítimo para el consumo de medicamentos. Los laboratorios financiaron revistas de grupos de galenos con el fin de ampliar el consumo de sus productos entre los pacientes de estos.


Abstract Objectives: This article aims to contribute to the research on the use and circulation of medications during the twentieth century in Argentina; it focuses on the links between the sanitary politic of venereal prophylaxis and the process of production, importation and distribution of medicines for the treatment of the "secret diseases". Content: By 1936 the nation deployed a prophylaxis venereal politic that allowed private groups to produce and import medicines. While the National Department of Hygiene promoted a standard treatment of venereal disease, the private laboratories used advertisement to build, expand and segment the consumer's market. In this article we remark how the segmented message in the medical journals had the goal of transforming the doctors in agents of the medicineis sale. Conclusions: The standard treatment imposed by the sanitarian bureaucracy stimulated the production, importation and offer of national and foreign laboratories' drugs. The advertising spots appealed doctors as owners of the valid criteria for the consumption medicines. The laboratories funded medicine journals of physician's groups with the aim of extending the consumption of their products among the doctor's patients.


Resumo Objetivos: contribuir à investigação sobre a vinculação entre a política sanitária de profilaxia "venérea" e o processo de produção, importação e circulação de medicamentos para o tratamento dos "males secretos" durante o século XX na Argentina. Desenvolvimento: desde 1936 o Estado empregou uma política de profilaxia "venérea" que outorgou prerrogativas aos grupos privados para a produção e importação de fármacos. Enquanto o Departamento Nacional de Higiene promoveu um tratamento estandardizado das doenças, os laboratórios privados usaram publicidades para construir, ampliar e segmentar o mercado consumidor. Neste artigo destacamos como a mensagem das propagandas de medicamentos contra as doenças de transmissão sexual nas revistas médicas tinha como objetivo transformar aos galenos em agentes de recomendação de ditos produtos. Conclusões: o tratamento estandardizado imposto pela burocracia sanitária estimulou a produção importação e oferta de fármacos de laboratórios nacionais e estrangeiros. Os anúncios publicitários apelaram ao galeno como portador de um critério legítimo para o consumo de medicamentos. Os laboratórios financiaram revistas de grupos de galenos em vista de ampliar o consumo dos seus produtos entre os seus pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Argentina , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Supply , Drug Industry , Public Health Laboratory Services , Importation of Products
9.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 226-228, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-491356

ABSTRACT

Objective:To study the correlations between ethics morality, society, psychological cognition and health and disease. Methods:A total of 356 patients were selected to analyze the influence to health and disease from six perspectives that included family ethics, social morality, life style, interpersonal relationship, mental health, and personality traits. Result:Psychosomatic diseases were occurred in 126 cases, and 220 cases of neuro-sis diseases. The disease incidences in the subjects with high cognitive level were significantly lower than those with low cognitive level (P<0. 01). The cognitive levels of family ethics, social ethics, life style, interpersonal rela-tionship, and mental health were closely related to health and disease (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The cognitive lev-els of ethics morality, society, psychology were closely associated with disease. It should be vigorously advocated that the whole society follow the ethics morality standards, to prevent diseases.

10.
Saúde Soc ; 22(4): 1024-1035, out.-dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-700132

ABSTRACT

Parte-se da constatação de que o modelo biomédico de atenção à saúde é incapaz de lidar isoladamente com a complexidade dos problemas de saúde. Sendo assim, produz-se maior interesse pelas ciências sociais aplicadas ao campo da saúde para se pensar a atenção integral ao paciente e a integração dos conhecimentos biológicos, sociais e culturais na compreensão das doenças. Este trabalho busca compreender as relações da religiosidade com a saúde e os processos de cura, procurando entender as formas como os indivíduos vivenciam a doença, o sofrimento, a dor e as práticas de cura. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de caráter etnográfico, com observação participante em um templo religioso afro-brasileiro, localizado no Rio de Janeiro. Um efeito fundamental da religião é alterar o significado de uma doença para aquele que sofre, não implicando necessariamente remoção dos sintomas, mas mudança positiva dos significados atribuídos à doença. A religiosidade dá sentido à vida, diante do sofrimento, ao criar uma rede social de apoio. Constatamos que a prática religiosa tem complementado as práticas médicas oficiais. As informações coletadas nos permitem afirmar que as práticas religiosas se constituem em lugares de acolhimento, de cura e de saúde para aqueles que as buscam. Apontamos para a necessidade de aprofundamento de estudos dessa temática que venham a se somar enquanto possibilidades de ajuda e alternativa de "cura" às pesquisas da prática biomédica.


Subject(s)
Anthropology, Cultural , Comprehensive Health Care , Medicine, African Traditional , Health-Disease Process , Health Promotion , Religion , Public Health , Therapeutics , Black or African American
11.
An. venez. nutr ; 26(1): 26-39, jun. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-705435

ABSTRACT

La transición alimentaria y nutricional en América Latina y los cambios demográficos-epidemiológicos, se presentaron muy rápido en países con "doble carga nutricional", tal como sucede en Venezuela. Las enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con la nutrición (ECRN) y las muertes violentas son las principales causas de muerte y desplazan a la diabetes, sin que exista una política de prevención. Estudios epigenéticos y epidemiológicos de nichos obesogénicos con transmisión intergeneracional: Programación Metabólica (PM)=adaptaciones fisiológicas- metabólicas del feto, en medio ambiente adverso, o aporte exagerado en período crítico, influyen en la respuesta en la vida extrauterina: hipótesis del "fenotipo ahorrador de Barker": hiperlipidemia, hipertensión, obesidad central y resistencia a la insulina, debido a una dieta materna inadecuada antes y durante el embarazo; igual la hipótesis del "crecimiento acelerado" por sobrealimentación, independiente del peso al nacer. Los niños amamantados ganan menor peso-grasa corporal, consumen menos proteínas y la densidad calórica es menor que con fórmulas infantiles. El exceso de proteínas acelera el rebote adiposo. El control de factores de riesgo en adultos atenúa las ECRN, ya que son principales desencadenantes y agravantes. Sin embargo, hay que intervenir tempranamente, ya que la ateroesclerosis es una enfermedad de la infancia. Promover la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses, evitar las dietas de alta densidad calórica y vigilar la introducción de nuevos alimentos. El pediatra debería identificar factores de riesgos cardiometabólico en el niño y los obstetras vigilar el estado nutricional pre/postconcepcional y la ganancia de peso gestacional, para controlar los factores de riesgo desde temprana edad(AU)


Food and nutrition transition in Latin America and demographic-epidemiological shifts constitute a rapid process, typical of countries where under and over nutrition coexist: the dual burden of nutrition related diseases. Nutrition related chronic diseases are the main causes of death followed by violence induced deaths and Diabetes. The genetic component of obesity has been overestimated and life styles are less related to mortality rates than the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). The epidemiological and epigenetic analysis of trans generational- intergenerational transmission: obesogenic environments and Metabolic Intrauterine Programming (MIP): metabolic-physiologic adaptations during fetal life to exposure to restrictions or excesses that relate to Barker´s hypothesis whose outcome includes hyperlipidemia, hypertension, central obesity and insuline resistance due to maternal inadequate pre pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition, plus the hypothesis of acccelerated growth, independent of size at birth. Breastfed infants gain less weight and fat; proteins accelerate adiposity rebound and infant formulas contain 60-70% more and are also richer in calories than human milk. Control of lifestyle’s in adults will not eliminate cardiometabolic risks; it is necessary to intervene at early stages as atherosclerosis is a pediatric problem. The window of opportunity, from preconception to 36 months of age, includes promotion of exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months, the need to defineoptimal nutrition to prevent under and over nutrition and the awareness of physicians in monitoring weight gain during pregnancy and identifying cardio metabolic risks in children and adolescents(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Pregnant Women , Nutritional Transition , Prenatal Nutrition , Infant Nutrition , Demography , Deficiency Diseases , Hyperlipidemias
12.
Journal of Rural Medicine ; : 176-180, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-374505

ABSTRACT

<b>Objective:</b> Early life events connected with the risk of later disease can occur not only <i>in utero</i>, but also in infancy. In study of the developmental origins of health and disease, the relationship between infantile growth patterns and adolescent body mass index and blood pressure is one of the most important issues to verify.<br><b>Materials and Methods:</b> We analyzed the correlation of current body mass index and systolic blood pressure of 168 female college students with their growth patterns <i>in utero</i> and in infancy.<br><b>Results:</b> Body mass index and systolic blood pressure in adolescence showed positive correlations with changes in weight-for-age z scores between 1 and 18 months but not with those between 18 and 36 months. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that both change in weight-for-age z scores from 1 to 18 months and body mass index at 1 month were significantly and independently associated with systolic blood pressure in adolescence. Body mass index at 36 months was positively correlated with body mass index in adolescence, while body mass index at birth was negatively correlated with body mass index in adolescence.<br><b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings shows that restricted growth <i>in utero</i> and accelerated weight gain in early infancy are associated with the cardiovascular risk factors of high systolic blood pressure and high body mass index in adolescence. In Japan, an increasing proportion of low birth weight infants and accelerated catch-up growth after birth have been observed in recent decades. This might be an alarming harbinger of an increase in diseases related to the developmental origins of health and disease in Japan.

13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(11): 3087-3098, nov. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656452

ABSTRACT

O adoecimento pelo HIV na atualidade apresenta-se como crônico e controlável. Assim, torna-se pertinente considerar as implicações das trajetórias individuais da busca de cuidado na vida cotidiana de seus portadores. Essas trajetórias são configuradas pelos caminhos que os usuários fazem em busca de respostas a seu adoecimento. Este estudo, de caráter qualitativo, objetivou analisar o itinerário terapêutico das pessoas convivendo com HIV/Aids. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram homens e mulheres com o vírus HIV, assistidos em um Serviço de Assistência Especializada e no Hospital Universitário, ambos públicos localizados em um município de Minas Gerais. A abordagem dos participantes deu-se por meio de entrevista e para análise dos dados elegeu-se a técnica de análise temática. Dos caminhos singulares que desenharam essas narrativas, emergiram os itinerários dessas pessoas que convivem com o HIV. Estes abrangeram temas como as peregrinações e a forma de entrada no sistema de atendimento, as implicações do custo e acesso, a gestão do tratamento e a importância das relações de vínculo. Essas questões que nortearam a organização do trabalho permitiram inferir sobre as fragilidades e as fortalezas presentes no sistema de atendimento ao portador do HIV, ao ser considerada a vivência pessoal desses indivíduos em primeiro plano.


Living with HIV infection is currently chronic but manageable. Therefore, it is important to consider the implications of individual trajectories of seeking care for the disease in the daily life of its carriers. These trajectories are in the routes followed by users seeking answers to their illness. This qualitative study sought to analyze the therapeutic itinerary of people living with HIV/AIDS. The subjects studied were men and women with HIV attended in a Specialized Healthcare unit and the University Hospital, both public services located in a municipality of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The participants were approached through interviews and data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. From the individual routes that permeated these narratives, the itineraries of individuals living with HIV emerged. These covered topics such as being sent from place to place and finally discovering how to enter the care system, the implications of cost and access, management of treatment and the importance of affiliation bonds. These questions that oriented the work made it possible to infer the strengths and weaknesses in the healthcare service to the HIV carrier, by considering the personal experience of these individuals.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , HIV Infections , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Critical Pathways , HIV Infections/therapy
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(supl.1): 1409-1415, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582578

ABSTRACT

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as representações sociais de estudantes dos cursos de odontologia e ciências sociais no processo saúde-doença e o papel do profissional de saúde na sociedade para a formação social dos estudantes de odontologia. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada constituída de perguntas de livre associação e perguntas abertas conduzidas por duas pesquisadoras. Os resultados demonstraram que a representação social dos estudantes do primeiro período de ambos os cursos foi semelhante, associando o processo saúde-doença ao conceito de saúde da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), ao passo que os estudantes do último período apresentaram diferenças visíveis, uma vez que os alunos de ciências sociais estabeleceram maior vínculo entre saúde e questões sociais da população, enquanto que os estudantes de odontologia têm a maioria de suas referências relacionadas ao conceito da OMS, as concepções teóricas, abordando aspectos pertinentes à atenção individual e à saúde coletiva. Observou-se, portanto, que ao fim de seu curso, os estudantes de odontologia não demonstram sensibilidade social nem preocupação com os problemas da população, diferenciando-se dos de ciências sociais.


The purpose of this article was to compare the social representation between dentistry and social sciences students, concerning the process of health and disease, and the conception of health professional position in our society, aiming a contribution to improve dentistry students' social formation. It is a qualitative research and its methodology was based in interviews performed by two researchers with one free association question and five open questions directed to ten first and ten last year students from both graduation courses of a public university. The first year students from both courses said that health and disease was based in the World Health Organization (WHO) concept. The social sciences students showed more engagement about social questions while dentistry's cared more about the individual than the community. Considering that, we can conclude that dentistry students from the last year did not show social sensitivity either worried about Brazilian's population problems, while social sciences students do.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude to Health , Dentistry , Social Sciences , Students , Brazil , Public Sector , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Urban Population
15.
Rev. biol. trop ; 58(supl.3): 111-127, Oct. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638092

ABSTRACT

In June, 2002, the government of Dominica requested assistance in evaluating the coral culture and transplantation activities being undertaken by Oceanographic Institute of Dominica (OID), a coral farm culturing both western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific corals for restoration and commercial sales. We assessed the culture facilities of OID, the condition of reefs, potential impacts of coral collection and benefits of coral transplantation. Coral reefs (9 reefs, 3-20m depth) were characterized by 35 species of scleractinian corals and a live coral cover of 8-35%. Early colonizing, brooders such as Porites astreoides (14.8% of all corals), P. porites (14.8%), Meandrina meandrites (14.7%) and Agaricia agaricites (9.1%) were the most abundant corals, but colonies were mostly small (mean=25cm diameter). Montastraea annularis (complex) was the other dominant taxa (20.8% of all corals) and colonies were larger (mean=70cm). Corals (pooled species) were missing an average of 20% of their tissue, with a mean of 1.4% recent mortality. Coral diseases affected 6.4% of all colonies, with the highest prevalence at Cabrits West (11.0%), Douglas Bay (12.2%) and Coconut Outer reef (20.7%). White plague and yellow band disease were causing the greatest loss of tissue, especially among M. annularis (complex), with localized impacts from corallivores, overgrowth by macroalgae, storm damage and sedimentation. While the reefs appeared to be undergoing substantial decline, restoration efforts by OID were unlikely to promote recovery. No Pacific species were identified at OID restoration sites, yet species chosen for transplantation with highest survival included short-lived brooders (Agaricia and Porites) that were abundant in restoration sites, as well as non-reef builders (Palythoa and Erythropodium) that monopolize substrates and overgrow corals. The species of highest value for restoration (massive broadcast spawners) showed low survivorship and unrestored populations of these species were most affected by biotic stressors and human impacts, all of which need to be addressed to enhance survival of outplants. Problems with culture practices at OID, such as high water temperature, adequate light levels and persistent overgrowth by macroalgae could be addressed through simple modifications. Nevertheless, coral disease and other stressors are of major concern to the most important reef builders, as these species are less amenable to restoration, collection could threaten their survival and losses require decades to centuries to replace. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (Suppl. 3): 111-127. Epub 2010 October 01.


En junio del año 2002 el gobierno de Dominica solicitó asistencia para evaluar el Instituto Oceanográfico de Dominica (OID), una operación de cultivo de corales del océano Atlántico y del Indo Pacifico para propósitos de restauración y comercio. Evaluamos las facilidades de cultivo del OID, la condición de los arrecifes y el impacto potencial de la recolección de corales y los posibles beneficios del transplante de colonias. Los arrecifes de coral (9 arrecifes de profundidades entre 3 y 20m se caracterizaban por 35 especies escleractíneos y una cobertura viva de coral entre 8 y 35%. Las especies que liberan larvas tales como Porites astreoides (14.8 % de todos los corales), P. porites (14.8%), Meandrina meandrites (14.7%) y Agaricia agaricites (9.1%) fueron los más abundantes, pero sus colonias eran pequeñas (promedio de 25cm de diámetro). El complejo de Montastraea annularis fue otro grupo dominante (20.8% de todos los corales) y sus colonias eran mayores (promedio de 70cm de diámetro). Entre todas las especies los corales habían perdido el 20% de sus tejidos, con un promedio de 1.4% por mortandad reciente. Las enfermedades de coral afectaron 6.4% de todas las colonias, con la incidencia mayor en Cabrits Oeste (11%), Bahía Douglas (12.2%) y el arrecife de Coconut Afuera (20.7%). Plaga blanca y la enfermedad de la banda amarilla causaron la mayoría de la pérdida de tejido vivo, especialmente en el complejo de M. annularis, con impactos localizados por caracoles coralívoros, sobre crecimiento por macroalgas, impactos de tormentas y sedimentación. Mientras los arrecifes parecen estar declinando substancialmente, los esfuerzos de restauración de OID no parecen entablar su recuperación debido a que las especies escogidas para transplantar con las mayores tasas de sobrevivencia incluyen especies que liberan larvas (Agaricia y Porites) que fueron abundantes en las restauraciones, al igual que los organismos potencialmente parasíticos (Palythoa ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Anthozoa/growth & development , Conservation of Natural Resources , Coral Reefs , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Dominica , Population Density
16.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 26(3): 493-504, jul.-set. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-569298

ABSTRACT

A socio-cognitive developmental perspective suggests that conceptions regarding health and disease processes may present different levels of openness, flexibility, inclusiveness and differentiation, and thus can be ordered into different levels. We present a qualitative study on lay significations regarding health and disease processes, endorsed by 67 adults. The results show that these adults have different socio-cognitive developmental competences related to health and disease processes. For each dimension of significations of health and disease, it is possible to sequence lay person's conceptions developmentally. Each level is distinct qualitatively, including responses characterized by a higher degree of differentiation, integration and complexity than the previous level. Finally, the implications of this approach to clinical and educational methods are discussed.


Na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sociocognitivo, as concepções de saúde e doença podem apresentar diferentes níveis de abertura, flexibilidade, inclusividade e diferenciação e podem ser ordenadas em diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. O presente estudo incidiu sobre as significações leigas de saúde e doença de um grupo de 67 adultos. Os resultados indicam que esses adultos se situam em diferentes níveis nas suas competências de desenvolvimento sociocognitivo relacionadas com os processos de saúde e doença, tendo sido possível sequenciar as suas significações em níveis distintos. Cada nível é distinto qualitativamente, incluindo respostas caracterizadas por uma maior diferenciação, integração e complexidade em relação ao nível precedente. As implicações dessa abordagem para os métodos clínicos e educativos são discutidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Holistic Health , Disease/psychology , Health Promotion
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 13(6): 1953-1964, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493889

ABSTRACT

O artigo busca, em diferentes períodos da história, as percepções sobre os resíduos resultantes da atividade humana. Está dividido em três partes: 1) narra o episódio da peste negra do século XIV, mostrando como ela foi associada aos resíduos produzidos pelo corpo humano; 2) explicita como as prenoções sobre resíduos, ainda hoje, remetem à sujeira, à doença e à morte; 3) descreve as medidas de higiene, a partir do renascimento e a saúde pública no início do século XX, que começa combatendo os agentes microbianos das doenças infecciosas e os seus vetores.


This article describes how Man, over history, felt about the residues produced by human activity. The text is divided into three parts: In the first part it tells the story of the black plague pandemic during the XIV century, showing how this disease was associated with the residues produced by the human body. In the second part it explains how the first notions of waste were, and still are, related to dirt, disease and death. Finally, in the third part, it describes the first measures of hygiene in the Renaissance and refers to the first public health actions at the beginning of the XX century, starting to combat the agents of infectious diseases and their vectors.


Subject(s)
History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Waste Management/history , Waste Products
18.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 14(3): 779-800, jul.-set. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466587

ABSTRACT

A abordagem histórico-social das representações de saúde e doença das mães do município de Teixeiras (MG) visa compreender as condutas nessa esfera e o desenvolvimento de pesquisas em saúde coletiva. Construíram-se atrativos semânticos e indicadores para uma visão pluralista de saúde-doença. A busca da felicidade foi apresentada como um conceito de saúde pelas mães, retomando aspectos filosóficos aristotélicos e espinosistas, mas elas deram mais destaque à ausência da doença. o modelo assistencial hegemônico fornece ainda fortes referenciais para interpretar tais experiências. Como a condição cuidadora da mãe facilita a compreensão de outros fatores que afetam o processo saúde-doença, é possível planejar ações de saúde menos alienantes e mais libertárias.


This social and historical investigation into the ways the health and sickness of mothers from Teixeiras municipality, Minas Gerais state, was represented is designed to comprehend behaviors in this sphere and help develop research in collective health. The semantics and indicators of a pluralistic view of disease and health, were built up from the most holistic to the most biomedical, from the most relational to the most individual. The quest for happiness was presented as a health concept by the mothers, which recalls Aristotelian and Spinozian philosophical concepts, but they put greater emphasis on the absence of illness. The prevailing welfare model still supplies useful references for interpreting such experiences. As the mother's status as care-taker helps one glean an understanding of other factors that affect the process of health and disease, it becomes possible to plan healthcare initiatives that are less alienating and more libertarian.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Health Status , Maternal Welfare , Women's Health , Attitude to Health , Brazil , Happiness , Health Behavior , Health Status Indicators , Qualitative Research , Socioeconomic Factors
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