ABSTRACT
A pandemia de COVID-19 impele a compreensão de diferentes aspectos que condicionam a formação da percepção social acerca deste fenômeno. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar variáveis psicossociais que predizem a adesão à crença de que isolamento social previne o contágio de COVID-19. Para isto se realizou um estudo correlacional, no qual responderam a um questionário online 498 participantes com idade média de 34,9 anos. Um questionário sociodemográfico, escalas de atitudes e crenças em saúde compuseram os instrumentos de pesquisa. Análises descritivas, correlações e análise de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizadas. Os resultados demonstraram que atitudes políticas contribuem na formação da crença acerca do isolamento social no contexto da COVID-19. As interrelações demonstraram que identidades políticas desempenham papel importante na adesão aos discursos de instituições sanitárias ou políticas. Evidencia-se que dimensões psicossociais devem ser levadas em consideração no enfrentamento ao contágio da COVID-19.
The pandemic of the COVID-19 can lead to understanding several aspects of the social formation perception about this phenomenon. This study aimed to identify psychosocial variables that predict the adoption of the belief that social isolation prevents the infection of COVID-19. A correlational study was used with 498 people who answered an online questionnaire. The average age was 34.9 years. The research instrument was composed of sociodemographic questionnaire, scales of attitudes and health beliefs mode scale. Descriptive analysis, correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results revealed that political attitudes contribute to the formation of the belief about social isolation in the context of COVID-19. Interrelations have shown that political identities have an important role in adhering to the policies of health or political institutions. It has been shown that psychosocial dimensions must be taken into account when facing the contagion from COVID-19.
La pandemia del COVID-19 requiere comprender diferentes aspectos que condicionan la formación de la percepción social sobre este fenómeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las variables psicosociales que predicen la adopción de la creencia de que el aislamiento social previene el contagio de COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio correlacional, en el que 498 participantes con una edad promedio de 34,9 años respondieron un cuestionario online. Los instrumentos de investigación fueron: un cuestionario sociodemográfico, escalas de actitudes y creencias en salud. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos, correlaciones y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados demostraron que las actitudes políticas contribuyen a la formación de la creencia sobre el aislamiento social en el contexto de COVID-19. Las interrelaciones han demostrado que las identidades políticas desempeñan un papel importante en la adhesión a los discursos de las instituciones sanitarias o las instituciones políticas. Se evidencia que hay que tener en cuenta las dimensiones psicosociales cuando se trata del contagio del COVID-19.
Subject(s)
AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the current state of consuming breakfast among elementary school students residing in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, and to identify factors that influence breakfast behavior.METHODS: The research model was set up as per the health belief model, and slightly modified by adding the subjective normative factors of the theory of planned behavior. The survey was conducted from July 17 to August 15, 2017 using a questionnaire, after receiving the permission PNU IRB (2017_60_HR).RESULTS: The subjects were 77 boys (49.4%) and 79 girls (50.6%) suffering from malnutrition with anemia (21.2%) and stunting ratio of Height for Age Z Score (HAZ) (11.5%). Furthermore, moderate weakness (14.8%) and overweight and obesity (12.3%) by Body Mass Index for Age Z Score (BMIZ) were coexistent. According to the results obtained for breakfast, 21.8% did not eat breakfast before school, with 18.8% of the reasons for skipping breakfast being attributed to lack of food. Even for subjects partaking breakfast, only about 10% had a good balanced diet. The average score of behavioral intention on eating breakfast was 2.60 ± 0.58. The perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy of the health belief model correlated with breakfast behavior. Of these, self-efficacy (β=0.447, R²=0.200) and perceived sensitivity (β=0.373, R²=0.139) had the greatest effect on breakfast behavior. Mother was the largest impact person among children.CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase the level of breakfast behavior intention among children surveyed in Indonesia, we determined the effectiveness by focus on education which helps the children recognize to be more likely to get sick when they don't have breakfast, and increase their confidence in ability to have breakfast on their own. We believe there is a necessity to seek ways to provide indirect intervention through mothers, as well as impart direct nutrition education to children.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Anemia , Body Mass Index , Breakfast , Diet , Eating , Education , Ethics Committees, Research , Growth Disorders , Indonesia , Intention , Malnutrition , Mothers , Obesity , OverweightABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar la escala del modelo de creencias de salud para la autoexploración de mama (AEM) en estudiantes universitarias y determinar su validez y confiabilidad. La escala de modelo de creencias de salud sobre la AEM de 39 ítems fue aplicada en 994 estudiantes de licenciatura. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través del Alfa de Cronbach, la validez de constructo mediante el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Se detectó una estructura de 6 factores con un valor de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de .839 y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa [χ2(496)= 5379.608, p<.0001]. Los factores tuvieron valores de consistencia interna entre .67 a .87. Por lo que se concluye que la escala del modelo de creencias para la AEM en mujeres jóvenes mexicanas presenta la misma estructura factorial que la original siendo válida y confiable para propósitos de investigación.
Abstract The objective of this study was to adapt the health belief model scale for breast self-examination (BSE) in university students and determine its validity and reliability. The health beliefs model scale of 39 items was applied in 994 undergraduate students. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's Alpha, construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis. A structure of six factors with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of .839 was detected and Bartlett's Sphericity Test was significant [χ2 (496) = 5379.608, p <.0001]. The factors had internal consistency values between .67 and .87. Therefore, it can be concluded that the belief model scale for BSE in young Mexican women presents the same factorial structure as the original, being valid and reliable for research purposes.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho buscou identificar as principais crenças de homens acerca do Exame do Toque Retal (ETR), comparando as respostas de homens que o fizeram (G1) e dos que ainda não o fizeram (G2). Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, além da técnica de evocação de palavras. No G1, as evocações relacionadas à suscetibilidade, gravidade e benefícios do exame foram mais enfatizadas. Já no G2, destacaram-se as crenças voltadas à suscetibilidade e aos benefícios de realizar o exame. Os dados encontrados sugerem que fazer o ETR pode reforçar alguns estereótipos em relação aos aspectos negativos do exame, porém não anula os aspectos positivos. Deve-se levar em consideração a relação paciente-profissional, bem como a condução do profissional durante a realização do ETR, já que barreiras podem estar sendo reforçadas nessa situação. Enfim, aponta-se para a necessidade de trabalhar a temática da busca pelo ETR não só com a população-alvo, mas também com os profissionais de saúde
This study aimed to identify the main male beliefs about the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) comparing the responses of men who did the exam (G1) and those who did not (G2). We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical variables, as well as free evocations. G1 showed evocations related to the susceptibility, severity, and beliefs associated with the benefits of the exam. Among G2, beliefs about susceptibility and benefits of screening were also highlighted. The results suggest that doing DRE may reinforce some stereotypes regarding negative aspects of the examination, but they do not cancel its positive aspects at all. It is necessary to take care of the patient-professional relationship and the professional's conduct during DRE, since barriers might be strengthened in that situation. Finally, we believe it is important to clarify the perception of searching for DRE not only with the target population, but also with health professionals
Este trabajo buscó identificar las principales creencias de hombres acerca del Examen del Toque Retal (ETR), comparando las respuestas de hombres que lo hicieron (G1) y de los que aún no lo hicieron (G2). Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, además de la técnica de evocación de palabras. En el G1, las evocaciones relacionadas con la susceptibilidad, gravedad y beneficios del examen, fueron más enfatizadas. En el G2, se destacaron las creencias volcadas a la susceptibilidad y a los beneficios de realizar el examen. Los datos encontrados sugieren que hacer el ETR puede reforzar algunos estereotipos en relación a los aspectos negativos del examen, pero no anula los aspectos positivos. Se debe tener en cuenta la relación paciente-profesional, así como la conducción del profesional durante la realización del ETR, ya que las barreras pueden estar siendo reforzadas en esa situación. En fin, se apunta a la necesidad de trabajar la temática de la búsqueda por el ETR no solo con la población objetivo, sino también con los profesionales de salud