ABSTRACT
O psicodiagnóstico, a partir da aplicação de testes psicológicos validados cientificamente, sustenta o exame clínico convencional. Esses testes apresentam variações relacionadas à validade, amostras de estudo, evidências teóricas e empíricas que fundamentam sua pertinência, qualidade do material disponível, tempo necessário para sua aplicação e custos relacionados à aquisição do material de testagem e aos honorários profissionais necessários para concluir o processo de diagnóstico. Propõe-se, com um modelo matemático, um processo racional de psicodiagnóstico. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo-exploratório, baseado em dados de custo e tempo para aplicação de testes de inteligência. O modelo matemático criado permitiu a elaboração de um protocolo de psicodiagnóstico de deficiência intelectual para aplicação em crianças e adultos considerando-se o melhor custo e efetividade. (AU)
The psychodiagnosis supports conventional clinical examination by psychological tests application. The available psychological tests present variations related to validity, samples, theoretical and empirical evidences, material's quality, time required for its application, and costs related to the acquisition of test material and the psychologist's earnings. This research proposes a rational process of psychodiagnosis. It is a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory study based on cost and time data for the application of standardized intelligence tests. We created a mathematical model that allowed the elaboration of a psychodiagnosis protocol for intelligence tests in children and adults considering the best cost-effectiveness. (AU)
El psicodiagnóstico, a partir de la aplicación de pruebas psicológicas validadas científicamente, sostiene el examen clínico convencional. Estas pruebas presentan variaciones relacionadas con la validez, muestras de estudio, evidencias teóricas y empíricas que fundamentan su pertinencia, calidad del material disponible, tiempo necesario para su aplicación, y costos relacionados con la adquisición del material de prueba y los honorarios profesionales necesarios para concluir el proceso de diagnóstico. Se propone, con un modelo matemático, un proceso racional de psicodiagnóstico. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio, basado en datos de costo y tiempo para aplicación de pruebas de inteligencia. El modelo matemático creado permitió la elaboración de un protocolo de psicodiagnóstico de deficiencia intelectual para aplicación en niños y adultos considerando el mejor costo y efectividad. (AU)
Subject(s)
Psychological Tests , Health AdministrationABSTRACT
O artigo discute as barreiras e os fatores facilitadores à descentralização em saúde mental por meio do apoio matricial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com apoiadores matriciais ‒ psicólogos e psiquiatras da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam como obstáculos ao apoio matricial a não validação plena da gestão; a sobreposição das questões políticas em detrimento das técnicas; a incongruência entre os valores institucionais e os profissionais; as diferentes configurações da rede em Unidades de Saúde tradicionais e Unidades de Saúde da Família, que demandam arranjos organizacionais diferentes. Dentre os fatores facilitadores, evidenciam-se as relações personalizadas entre os apoiadores e os profissionais de referência, a disponibilidade, o comprometimento, a comunicação fluida, a corresponsabilização e a sistematicidade dos encontros. Conclui-se que, apesar dos diferentes obstáculos, a manutenção do apoio matricial decorre essencialmente da motivação dos apoiadores à descentralização em saúde mental.
The present study addresses the barriers and facilitators to the decentralization of mental health systems through matrix support. This qualitative research was carried out with matrix supporters ‒ psychologists and psychiatrists from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results revealed the following barriers to matrix support: non-recognition and full validation of matrix support from the management; overrating political issues at the expense of technical issues; incongruence between institutional and professional values; and different network settings in traditional Health care Units and Family Health Units requiring different organizational arrangements. The facilitators include personalized relationships between the matrix supporters, and the team formed by reference health professionals, and the professionals' availability and commitment, effective communication, co-responsibility, and regularity and organization of meetings. It was concluded that, despite the various obstacles, matrix support arises mainly from the motivation of the supporters towards the decentralization of mental health systems.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Mental HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces a telemedicine innovation network and reports its implementation in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The required conditions for the development of future projects in the field of telemedicine are also discussed; such projects should be based on the common needs and opportunities in the areas of healthcare, education, and technology. METHODS: The development of the telemedicine innovation network in Tehran University of Medical Sciences was carried out in two phases: identifying the beneficiaries of telemedicine, and codification of the innovation network memorandum; and brainstorming of three workgroup members, and completion and clustering ideas. The present study employed a qualitative survey by using brain storming method. Thus, the ideas of the innovation network members were gathered, and by using Freeplane software, all of them were clustered and innovation projects were defined. RESULTS: In the services workgroup, 87 and 25 ideas were confirmed in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. In the education workgroup, 8 new programs in the areas of telemedicine, tele-education and teleconsultation were codified. In the technology workgroup, 101 and 11 ideas were registered in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Today, innovation is considered a major infrastructural element of any change or progress. Thus, the successful implementation of a telemedicine project not only needs funding, human resources, and full equipment. It also requires the use of innovation models to cover several different aspects of change and progress. The results of the study can provide a basis for the implementation of future telemedicine projects using new participatory, creative, and innovative models.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Delivery of Health Care , Education , Financial Management , Remote Consultation , Technology Transfer , TelemedicineABSTRACT
Limited Price Charge for Single Disease means that hospitals limit price for the patient who has only single disease in the diagnosis and treats process. The charge includes the process from the time when he had been diagnosed and been in hospital to the time when he had been charmed off. Limited Price Charge for Single Disease could solve many ethical problems which exist in current medicine realm, so it means too much in Medical Ethics, and it gives Hospital Administration and Health Care Administration new inspiration.