Higiene bucal, caries dental y necesidades de tratamiento en escolares de 5, 7 y 12 años, municipio de Istmina, Chocó, Colombia (2013) / Oral Hygiene, Dental Caries and Treatment Needs in 5, 7 and 12 Year-Old School Children in the Village of Istmina, Chocó, Colombia (2013)

Antecedentes: Es necesario identificar la situación de salud bucal en grupos específicos para establecer programas efectivos. Objetivo: Describir el estado de higiene bucal, caries dental y de necesidades de tratamiento en escolares de 5, 7 y 12 años del municipio de Istmina (Chocó, Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 294 escolares (48 % niñas), seleccionados por conveniencia, de 6 instituciones educativas oficiales. Por medio de encuesta y examen clínico se recogió información sociodemográfica, de uso de elementos de higiene bucal, grado de higiene bucal, índices ceo-d y COP-D (y sus componentes) y necesidades de tratamiento. Se efectuó análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado e inferencia! mediante chi cuadrado. Resultados: Dos terceras partes de la población analizada tenían una higiene oral deficiente (mayor porcentaje en niños y en escolares de 7 años). El promedio ceo-d M fue de 2,5 ± 3,2, lo cual equivale a una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 57 % y 59 % respectivamente. El promedio COP-D M file de 0,6 ± 1,2, con una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 24 % y 28 % respectivamente. El índice de caries significativa fue de 1,9 ± 1,5. El 47 % requería obturaciones (promedio de 1,9 ± 1,5). Se presentaron diferencias significativas por edad y sexo tanto para caries dental como para necesidades de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los indicadores de caries dental estaban en consonancia con las metas internacionales. Se identificaron algunas diferencias según factores sociodemográficos que requieren estudios a mayor profundidad desde la perspectiva de determinantes sociales.

Background There is a need to identify the oral health situation in every specific group in order to implement effective programs. Objective: To describe the oral hygiene status and treatment needs in 5, 7 and 12 year-old school children in the village of Istmina (Chocó, Colombia). Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 294 school children (48% girls) selected for convenience reasons from six public schools. Clinical examinations were conducted, and surveys applied in order to gather information on sociodemographic, use of oral hygiene elements, oral hygiene level, ceo-d index and COP-d indexes (and its components), and treatment needs. A descriptive univariate analysis and an inferential bivariate analysis were conducted based on a Chi-square statistics. Results: Two thirds of the studied population had poor oral hygiene habits (a greater percentage was found in 7 year-old boys). The average ceo-d M index was 2.5 ± 3.2, which indicates a dental caries prevalence and experience of 57% and 59%, respectively. The average COP-DM index was 06 ± 1.2, with a dental caries prevalence and experience of 24% and 28%, respectively.The significant dental caries index was 1.9 ± 1.5; 47% of them required obturations (average: 1.9 ± 1.5). Signifi cant differences were found as per age and gender, both for dental caries and treatment needs. Conclusions: Dental caries indicators were similar to the expected international goals. Some differences were identified based on some sociodemographic factors, which requires more in-depth studies under a social determinant perspective.

Modelos econométricos de estimativa da força de trabalho: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Econometric models to estimate labor force: an integrative literature review

A revisão integrativa da literatura objetivou levantar o estado atual do conhecimento sobre modelos econométricos de projeção da força de trabalho no Brasil e identificar o mais apropriado para aplicação no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde. A busca se deu a partir de diversas fontes: bases de dados eletrônicas, revistas, anais de congressos, referência cruzada e Plataforma Lattes, por meio de descritores e palavras-chave. A amostra foi constituída de nove publicações, as quais foram lidas, resumidas e analisadas. Os resultados apontam o uso de seis métodos de estimativa de recursos humanos distintos, porém em sua maioria as metodologias propõem cálculos preditivos para o dimensionamento de pessoal com vistas à alocação/realocação imediata de profissionais. Ressalta-se a impossibilidade de definir o melhor modelo econométrico para a projeção de recursos humanos em saúde na Atenção Primária, em virtude do pequeno número de publicações nacionais relativas ao tema, nas quais não se obteve homogeneidade, embora se verifique maior preocupação com a alocação da força de trabalho em saúde, mormente no âmbito hospitalar.

The integrative literature review aimed to raise the current state of knowledge on econometric models of projection of the labor force in Brazil and to identify the most suitable for application in Primary Health Care. The search was conducted in several sources: electronic databases, journals, conference proceedings, cross-reference and Plataforma Lattes, through descriptors and key words. The sample consisted of nine publications, which were read, summarized and analyzed. The results indicate the use of six methods to estimate labor force, but most of the methodologies propose predictive calculations for staff sizing with a view to the immediate allocation / reallocation of professionals. It emphasizes the impossibility of defining the best econometric model for the projection of health manpower in primary health care, due to the small number of national publications on the subject, which showed no homogeneity, although they display a greater concern with the allocation of health manpower, especially in hospitals.