ABSTRACT
Pessoas que moram sozinhas, idosos, surdos ou cegos precisam de meios adequados para se comunicarem com serviços pré-hospitalares de urgência em situações de risco. Nesse contexto este estudo propõe-se a construir e avaliar um protótipo de média fidelidade de software aplicativo de telefonia móvel para promover acessibilidade comunicativa para a convocação de socorro pré-hospitalar por pessoas surdas, cegas, idosos e ou que estejam sozinhas. Trata-se de estudo metodológico realizado no período de maio a setembro de 2020, em três etapas: 1) Revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando-se as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ISTA, LISA e SCOPUS para localizar estudos primários e sintetizar evidências sobre métodos de desenvolvimento de protótipos de aplicativos de saúde para telefonia móvel, que garantem melhor acessibilidade aos usuários; 2) Definição de requisitos funcionais, construção e disponibilização de protótipo de aplicativo para telefonia móvel para solicitação de atendimento pré-hospitalar e 3) Avaliação do protótipo de aplicativo por peritos por meio de checklist para avaliação heurística de aplicativos para celulares touchscreen, e pela população alvo utilizando a System Usability Scale. A análise e síntese de quatro artigos apontaram para o Design Centrado no Usuário, que foi utilizado na segunda etapa para disponibilizar o protótipo do aplicativo denominado "e-SU". Na terceira etapa participaram cinco peritos, empresários com experiência de desenvolvimento de aplicativos para telefonia móvel, com média de idade de 36,2 anos, que avaliaram o e-SU como de alta usabilidade (média de 58,75 pontos) e; 21 sujeitos da população alvo (cegos, surdos, idosos e pessoas com baixa visão, baixa audição; que vivem só; idoso, cego e surdo que mora sozinho) sendo 71,4% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 44,2 anos, e que indicaram um excelente índice de satisfação do usuário (média de 89,5 pontos).
Persons who live alone, elderly, deaf or blind persons need adequate ways to communicate with emergency pre-hospital services in situations of risk. In this context, this study proposes to build and evaluate a medium fidelity prototype of mobile phone application software to promote communicative accessibility for the call to pre-hospital assistance by deaf, blind, elderly and or those who are alone. This is a methodological study carried out from May to September 2020, in three stages: 1) Systematic literature review using the PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ISTA, LISA and SCOPUS databases to locate primary studies and synthesize evidence on methods of developing prototypes of health applications for mobile telephony, which ensure better accessibility for users; 2) Definition of functional requirements, construction and provision of an application prototype for mobile telephony to request pre-hospital care and 3) Evaluation of the application prototype by experts through a checklist for heuristic evaluation of applications for touchscreen phones, and by the population target using the System Usability Scale. The analysis and synthesis of four articles pointed to User-Centered Design, which was used in the second stage to provide the prototype of the application called "e-SU". In the third stage, five experts participated, entrepreneurs with experience in developing mobile phone applications, with an average age of 36.2 years, who evaluated e-SU as highly usable (average of 58.75 points) and; 21 subjects of the target population (blind, deaf, elderly and people with low vision, low hearing; who live alone; elderly, blind and deaf who live alone) with 71.4% being female, with an average age of 44.2 years , and which indicated an excellent user satisfaction index (average of 89.5 points).
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication Aids for Disabled , Needs Assessment , Biomedical Technology , Emergency Medical Service Communication SystemsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the appropriate nurse staffing ratio in intensive care units (ICUs) by measuring nursing workload based on patient's severity and needs, using the Korean Patient Classification System for critical care nurses.METHODS: The data were collected from January 18 to February 29, 2016 using a standardized checklist by observation or self-report. During the study period, 723 patients were included to be categorized from I to IV using the patient classification system. Measurement of total nursing workload on a shift was calculated in terms of hours based on the time and motion method by using tools for surveying nursing activities. The nursing activities were categorized as direct nursing care, indirect nursing care, and personal time. Total of 127 cases were included in measuring direct nursing time and 18 nurses participated in measuring indirect and personal time. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Two patients were classified into Class I (11.1%), 5 into Class II (27.8%), 9 into Class III (50%), and two into Class IV (11.1%). The amount of direct nursing care required for Class IV (513.7 min) was significantly more than that required for Class I (135.4 min). Direct and indirect nursing care was provided more often during the day shift as compared to the evening or night shifts. These findings provided the rationale for determining the appropriate ratio for nursing staff per shift based on the nursing workload in each shift.CONCLUSIONS: An appropriate ratio of nurse staffing should be ensured in ICUs to re-arrange the workload of nurses to help them provide essential direct care for patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Checklist , Classification , Critical Care , Intensive Care Units , Methods , Nursing Care , Nursing Staff , NursingABSTRACT
A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) propõe um modelo de entendimento da funcionalidade humana que integra aspectos biomédicos, sociais e pessoais, além de homogeneizar a terminologia que descreve as condições incapacitantes relacionadas à saúde. Todavia, em virtude de sua complexidade e da grande quantidade de aspectos contemplados, foi necessário desenvolver instrumentos práticos baseados nela. Os core sets da CIF são conjuntos de categorias da CIF que descrevem a funcionalidade de pessoas com determinadas condições de saúde. Eles vêm sendo desenvolvidos em processos de consenso com representação multiprofissional e internacional. Os core sets podem ser resumidos ou abrangentes, conforme o uso por apenas um ou mais profissionais. Seu uso permite ao profissional de saúde avaliar aspectos não contemplados por qualquer outro instrumento de avaliação funcional, como os fatores ambientais.
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a model of human functioning that integrates biomedical, social and personal aspects, and standardize the terminology that describes disabling conditions related to health. However, because of its complexity and large number of aspects to be covered, the development of practical ICF-based tools was needed. ICF core sets are collections of ICF categories that describe functioning of people with determined health conditions. They have been developed in consensus processes with multiprofessional and international representation. They can be either brief or comprehensive, according to its use by one or more professionals. Their use allows clinicians to assess aspects that are not cared about by any other evaluation tool, like environmental factors.
La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) propone un modelo de comprensión Del funcionamiento humano que integra los aspectos biomédicos, sociales y personales, y estandarizar la terminología que describe las condiciones de discapacidad relacionadas con la salud. Sin embargo, debido a su complejidad y gran número de aspectos cubiertos, fue necesario desarrollar herramientas prácticas basadas en ella. Los core sets son conjuntos de categorías de la CIF que describen el funcionamiento de las personas con ciertas afecciones de salud. Se han desarrollado en procesos de consenso con representación multidisciplinar e internacional. Pueden ser cortos o amplios, de acuerdo con el uso de sólo uno o más profesionales. Su uso permite al profesional de la salud evaluar aspectos no cubiertos por cualquier otra herramienta, como los factores ambientales.