Development of “Moroca” as a Learning Media for Reproductive Health Services in Disaster Situations

@#Introduction: Due to its geographical, geological, and demographic conditions, Indonesia is facing the risks of natural disasters such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Midwives as health workers have a strategic role as providers of reproductive health services, including in disaster situations. This study aims to develop learning media for reproductive health services in a disaster situation based on the monopoly game. Methods: The research employed research and development (R&D) design. The development of learning media for reproductive health services in disaster situations is based on the monopoly game, which consists of the following steps: seeing the potential and problems, data collection, product design, validation by experts, product trials, and product revisions. Results: The learning media is named “Moroca” (Monopoli Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Situasi Bencana / Monopoly of Reproductive Health Services in Disaster Situations). Validation was carried out by two experts and the media was declared feasible and valid for use. The product trial was conducted on 22 students of Midwifery Program. The statistical test used the Wilcoxon test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the level of knowledge about reproductive health services in disaster situations among students after using “Moroca”. Conclusion: Learning media is needed to increase the knowledge and skill of the students. Moroca is can be used as one of the alternative media in education for midwifery students.

Um ensaio de ecologia política e saúde coletiva sobre as crises contemporâneas / An essay on political ecology and collective health on contemporary crises / Un ensayo de la ecología política y la salud colectiva sobre las crisis contemporáneas

RESUMO: As crises que caracterizam nosso tempo espelham uma crise civilizatória com raízes no monopólio do saber, em que os modos de conhecer desenvolvidos pelo capitalismo científico degradam o ambiente e subjugam saberes construídos na coevolução das culturas com a natureza, os territórios e os meios de vida. A tecnologia e as inovações científicas assumiram papel central na sociedade atual, mediando um sem-número de relações sociais, ambientais e políticas hegemonizadas pelo capitalismo colonial contemporâneo. Neste ensaio, buscamos trazer reflexões sobre as relações entre os campos da energia e da saúde que, além de manifestarem sucessivas crises, vêm mobilizando o imaginário social nos últimos anos por serem regidos por sistemas sociotécnicos que condicionam os modos de vida modernos. As crises energética e sanitária são abordadas com base em suas construções históricas, nas estruturas produtivas que mobilizam, nos modos de vida que criam e nas relações sociais que ordenam. Apontamos para os mecanismos por meio dos quais os circuitos globais do capital exportam externalidades na direção das populações com menor acesso à energia mecânica disponível em seus sistemas sociotécnicos, gerando catástrofes socioambientais, expropriação de terras, perda de biodiversidade, mudanças climáticas, poluição, pobreza, fome e epidemias.

ABSTRACT: The crises that characterize our time mirror a civilizational crisis with roots in the monopoly of knowledge, in which the ways of knowing developed by scientific capitalism degrade the environment and subjugate knowledge built in the co-evolution of cultures with nature, territories and means of life. Technology and scientific innovations have taken a central role in today's society, mediating countless social, environmental and political relations hegemonized by contemporary colonial capitalism. In this essay, we seek to bring reflections on the relationships between the fields of energy and health which, in addition to manifesting successive crises, have been mobilizing the social imagination in recent years as they are governed by socio-technical systems that condition modern ways of life. Energy and health crises are addressed based on their historical constructions, the productive structures they mobilize, the ways of life they create and the social relations they order. We point to the mechanisms by which global circuits of capital export externalities towards populations with less access to mechanical energy available in their socio-technical systems, generating socio-environmental catastrophes, land expropriation, loss of biodiversity, climate change, pollution, poverty, famine and epidemics.

RESUMEN: Las crisis que caracterizan nuestro tiempo reflejan una crisis de civilización con raíces en el monopolio del conocimiento, en la que las formas de conocimiento desarrolladas por el capitalismo científico degradan el medio ambiente y subyugan el conocimiento construido en la coevolución de las culturas con la naturaleza, los territorios y los medios de vida. La tecnología y las innovaciones científicas han asumido un papel central en la sociedad actual, mediando innumerables relaciones sociales, ambientales y políticas hegemonizadas por el capitalismo colonial contemporáneo. En este ensayo buscamos traer reflexiones sobre las relaciones entre los campos de la energía y la salud que, además de manifestar crisis sucesivas, vienen movilizando el imaginario social en los últimos años al estar regidos por sistemas sociotécnicos que condicionan las formas modernas. de vida. Las crisis energética y sanitaria se abordan a partir de sus construcciones históricas, las estructuras productivas que movilizan, los modos de vida que crean y las relaciones sociales que ordenan. Señalamos los mecanismos a través de los cuales los circuitos globales de capital exportan externalidades hacia poblaciones con menor acceso a la energía mecánica disponible en sus sistemas sociotécnicos, generando catástrofes socioambientales, expropiación de tierras, pérdida de biodiversidad, cambio climático, contaminación, pobreza, hambruna y epidemias.

Contribución de las organizaciones sociales "ollas comunes" a la alimentación de la población chilena en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19

RESUMEN Las "ollas comunes" (OC) son organizaciones sociales temporales que entregan alimentación gratuita en periodos de crisis. En Chile, resurgen el año 2020 a raíz de la pandemia del COVID-19, y si bien han aparecido en otros períodos de la historia, no ha sido cuantificada su contribución. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar su contribución a la alimentación y nutrición de las/os chilenas/os, mediante la caracterización y análisis de su oferta alimentaria. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta online a voluntarias/os de todo el territorio nacional, la cual incluyó una caracterización del encuestado/a, de la OC que representa y de las preparaciones ofrecidas, en base a lo cual se obtuvo el aporte calórico y nutricional. Contestaron 117 OC (5,1% zona norte, 85,5% centro y 9,4% sur) cuya contribución principal fue con almuerzos (95,9%) con una mediana de 150 (p25: 100 - p75: 200) raciones diarias, compuestas por plato de fondo (95,9%), pan (80,5%) y ensalada (74,8%). Las preparaciones más prevalentes fueron legumbres (91,1%), arroz (78%) y fideos (77,2%). Estos almuerzos aportaron en promedio un 23% del requerimiento energético diario y aportan con el 35% del requerimiento de fibra, pero su aporte en vitamina B12, zinc y hierro fue bajo respecto del requerimiento y aporte esperado para el tiempo de comida. Hasta la fecha, estos datos son los primeros publicados sobre el tema, siendo útiles para determinar su aporte a la seguridad alimentaria del país en tiempos de crisis.

ABSTRACT "Communal Pots" (CP) are temporary social organizations that provide free food in times of crisis. In Chile, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 the CP resurfaced and, although they have appeared in other periods of history, how they benefitted the population is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of the CP to the diet and nutrition of Chileans, through the characterization and analysis of their food supply. For this, a descriptive study was carried out based on an online survey sent to volunteers from all over the country after signing the informed consent. The survey included characterization of the respondent and the CP they represented, the preparations offered by the CP, based on which the caloric and nutritional contribution was obtained. In total, 117 CP answered; 5.1% from the north, 85.5% from the center and 9.4% from the south of Chile. Their main contribution was providing lunches (95.9%) with a median of 150 (p25: 100 - p75: 200) daily rations, made up of a main entree (95.9%), bread (80.5%) and salad (74.8%). The most popular preparations were legumes (91.1%), rice (78%) and noodles (77.2%). These lunches provide an average of 23% of the daily energy requirement and 35% of the fiber requirement, but their contribution of vitamin B12 (2.5%), zinc (25%) and iron (28% req. woman) was low regarding the requirement and expected contribution for the meal time. To date, these data are the first published, to report on the real influence of this social movement in the country's food security in times of crisis.

Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas y su impacto sobre la salud cardiovascular (The NET-heart project) / Neglected tropical diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health. (The NET-Heart Project)

Resumen Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD) constituyen un conjunto de afecciones altamente prevalentes en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, asociadas a pobreza y subdesarrollo. Constituyen una verdadera crisis sanitaria, incapacitando y llevando a la muerte a millones de personas anualmente. Esto se ve potenciado por las dificultades socioeconómicas que cursan estos países, mayormente en vías de desa rrollo, lo cual repercute en la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria que pueden proveer a la población. La morbilidad de estas enfermedades se explica por la amplia afectación orgánica que generan. El aparato cardiovascular resulta particularmente afectado, lo que explica en gran medida la morbimortalidad de las ETD. En el presente artículo se revisan los aspectos fundamentales de un proyecto llevado a cabo por los Líderes Emergentes de la Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología (SIAC), cubriendo diferentes aspectos del impacto sobre el aparato cardiovascular de las ETD: el Proyecto NET-Heart (del inglés, Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart).

Abstract Neglected tropical diseases (NTD) are a group of diseases with high prevalence in tropical and subtropi cal countries. They are associated to poverty and underdevelopment. Due to its high morbimortality, these conditions are considered a health crisis. The impact of these diseases can be worsened by the poor socioeconomic status of the affected countries, most of them under-developed, which affects the health care provided to patients. The morbidity of these diseases is explained by the wide organic impairment that they produce. The cardiovascular system is par ticularly affected, which explains the high morbimortality of NTD. In this article, we review the key issues of a project elaborated by Emerging Leaders of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC), about the cardiovascular impact of NTD: the NET-Heart Project (Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart).

A pandemia de Covid-19 e a crise na saúde no Rio de Janeiro: discutindo biopolítica e precarização / The Covid-19 pandemic and the health crisis in Rio de Janeiro: discussing biopolitics and precarization / La pandemia de Covid-19 y la crisis de salud en Río de Janeiro: discutiendo la biopolítica y la precarización

Este artigo aborda a crescente crise na saúde pública vivida pelo município do Rio de Janeiro e o advento da pandemia de Covid-19, que veio a agravá-la, como elementos do debate sobre o trabalho na Atenção Básica à Saúde. Ele é resultado das articulações feitas pelo Programa de Ensino pelo Trabalho (PET) para a Saúde Interprofissional, que visa induzir transformações nos cursos de graduação e nos serviços de saúde, com foco na colaboração e no trabalho interprofissional. A discussão sobre a financeirização e os interesses em torno do trabalho do campo da saúde mostram a face perversa dos modos de governo no capitalismo contemporâneo, revelando a bio e necropolítica como estratégias de capitulação do SUS. Na conclusão, são assinaladas a resistência e a potência do trabalho articulado como estratégia de luta pela saúde como direito social.

This article addresses the growing public health crisis experienced by the city of Rio de Janeiro and the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, which aggravated it, as elements of the debate on work in Primary Health Care. It is the result of articulations made by the Teaching Through Work Program (PET) for Interprofessional Health, which aims to induce transformations in undergraduate courses and in health services, focusing on collaboration and interprofessional work. The discussion about financialization and interests surrounding the work in the field of Health shows the perverse face of the modes of government in contemporary capitalism, revealing biopolitics and necropolitics as Unified Health System (SUS) capitulation strategies. In conclusion, the resistance and the power of articulated work as a strategy to fight for health as a social right are highlighted.

Este artículo toma la creciente crisis de salud pública vivida por el municipio de Río de Janeiro y el advenimiento de la pandemia de Covid-19, que la empeoró, como elementos del debate sobre el trabajo en la Atención Básica a la Salud. Él es resultado de las articulaciones realizadas por el Programa de Enseñanza por Trabajo (PET) Salud Interprofesionalidad, que tiene por objetivo inducir transformaciones en los cursos de licenciatura y en los servicios de salud, enfocando en la colaboración y el trabajo interprofesión. La discusión sobre la financiarización y los intereses en torno del trabajo del SUS muestran la perversidad de los modos de gobierno en el capitalismo contemporáneo, revelando la biopolítica y la necropolítica como estrategias de capitulación del SUS. En la conclusión se señala la resistencia y el poder del trabajo articulado como estrategia de lucha por la salud como derecho social.

Acciones sanitarias en las enfermedades transmisibles. Un instrumento de la salud pública / Health actions in contagious diseases. An instrument of public health

Se describen las acciones sanitarias específicas que se realizan en la lucha contra las enfermedades infecciosas para evitar o disminuir su transmisibilidad y el contagio en la población, como instrumentos del modelo médico sanitario. Se hace referencia a la pandemias de 1918 y 2020, en las cuales se aplicaron estas acciones sanitarias. (AU)

The specific sanitary actions that are carried out in the fight against infectious diseases are described to avoid or reduce their transmissibility and contagion in the population, as an instrument of public health. Reference is made to the Pandemics of 1918 and 2020, where these sanitary actions were used. (AU)

Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en médicos residentes venezolanos y su relación con el contexto de crisis sanitaria en Venezuela / Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in venezuelan resident physicians and their relationship with the context of the health crisis in Venezuela

El síndrome de desgaste profesional o burnout es un fenómeno específico del trabajo que surge como respuesta a estresores crónicos emocionales e interpersonales en el entorno laboral. Considerando las consecuencias que puede tener el síndrome, resulta relevante estudiar cómo la situación de crisis sanitaria en Venezuela, que ha sido documentada ya por años, ha impactado a los profesionales de la salud del país. Objetivos: explorar la relación entre la crisis del sistema sanitario y la salud laboral de una muestra de 82 residentes de medicina interna a nivel nacional. se buscó esclarecer la relación del desabastecimiento de insumos médicos básicos y fallas en el servicio eléctrico con las puntuaciones en burnout obtenidas. Métodos: Se utilizó la versión MBI-HSS versión en español. Se realizo una prueba de correlación de Pearson entre las variables y una prueba de Chi-cuadrado para determinar si existían diferencias en el grado de las dimensiones de burnout según el auto-reporte de desabastecimiento de medicinas y fallas en el servicio eléctrico. Resultados: Se obtuvo una correlación significativa entre las fallas en el servicio eléctrico y el burnout, pero no fue así con el desabastecimiento ni se pudieron establecer diferencias en grado de las dimensiones según autoreporte de deficiencias. Conclusión: Se hacen necesarios más estudios con muestras mayores, más representativas y de mayor experiencia para seguir estudiando los posibles impactos de la crisis sanitaria en Venezuela sobre los profesionales de la salud(AU)

The burnout syndrome is a work-specific phenomenon that arises as a response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors at the the workplace. Considering the consequences of this work-related syndrome, it is relevant to study how the health crisis in Venezuela, which has been documented for years now, has impacted health professionals in the country. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the long-standing Venezuelan health crisis and the work- related health of a sample of 82 internal medicine residents at a national level. More concretely, the goal was to explore the relationship between medical supplies shortages and power system failures and the scores obtained in burnout as measured by the MBI-HSS in its Spanish version. A Pearson correlation test was performed between the variables along with Chi-Square tests for determining if there were differences in degree of burnout dimensions according to self-reports in medical supplies shortages and power outages. A significant relationship was found between power system failures and burnout. However, that was not the case for medicine shortages nor for the differences in degree of burnout dimensions according to self-reported medical supplies shortages and power failures. More studies with larger more representative and experienced samples are needed to keep studying the possible impacts that the health crisis in Venezuela is having on healthcare professionals(AU)

Standards on Research of Healthcare Eye Pad Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theories / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

With the rapid development of information technologies and change of production method and life style,the visual health crisis has become a public health endangering the sustainable development of the economic society and national security,which shall be concerned and tackled by all levels of the society.Under the background of fully playing the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventive treatment,coping with the visual health crisis and satisfying the social needs for vision care,healthcare eye pad manufacturers with fairly scale have been emerged in China.However,there are no technical standards for healthcare eye pad products that are applicable for the whole country to standardize the production behaviors of the enterprises and protect the interests of the consumers.This research proposed the design and description for two technical standards of general requirements and inspection methods,as well as the vision on standards to be concerned and prepared by the eye healthcare industry in the future on the basis of analyses made for the contents and key indicators of the self-declared standards of the healthcare eye pad manufacturers.

El reto por desarrollar una salud pública en contraposición a una salud privada / The challenge of developing public healthcare as opposed to private healthcare

Desde hace bastantes años se viene hablando de una crisis de la salud pública, por lo que hablar de su futuro se hace difícil. En una suerte de exegeta se podría decir que de no cambiarse las bases epistemológicas de la salud pública que lleven a una renovación teórico-metodológica y de la praxis, sumado a una renovación del Estado y tal vez lo más importante, a una renovación de la acción de la sociedad organizada en sus comunidades, el futuro de la salud publica será, como antinomia, la salud privada, es decir la responsabilidad de la salud del pueblo será un asunto individual, privado y de mercado. El articulo analiza el futuro de la salud pública apoyado en las voces y opiniones del campo de la medicina social, a partir de revisar en primer lugar asuntos de la historia de la salud pública para intentar ver los orígenes epistemológicos de este campo de conocimiento, en segundo lugar, ver los retos actuales de la salud pública y en tercer lugar plantear algunos posibles caminos para salir de la crisis y poder vislumbrar un futuro de la salud publica diferente al de una salud privada, mercantilizada, excluyente, que profundiza las inequidades sanitarias.

Since many years ago, it has been talking about a crisis in public health and that is why, talking about the future in this field seems to be difficult. As a sort of exegesis, it might be said that if the epistemological basis of public health are not changed to lead to theoretical-methodological renovation and a change in praxis in addition to a renewal of the State, and the most important thing, renewed actions by the community-organized society, the future of the public healthcare will be, by antinomy, the private healthcare. This means that responsibility for the people's health will turn into an individual, private and market-level issue. The article analyzed the future of public health by taking into account the voices and the opinions in the field of social medicine and reviewing firstly the public health history issues in order to find out the epistemological origin of this field of knowledge, the present challenges and also to state some possible ways to overcome this crisis and be able to glimpse a future for public healthcare different from that of the mercantilist and exclusive private healthcare that makes health inequalities deeper.

Possibility of Increased Access to Medicine under Medicine Patents Compulsory License System and Discussion on Correlative Countermeasures / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To lower the price of patent medicine effectively and to increase the access to medicine when public health crises occur. METHODS: Based on the real situation in China, reasons for the inapplicability of compulsory license system for medicine patents were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Chinese government should avoid bulwark of patent and try to explore effective ways to improve the macroscopic policy environment and encourage enterprises to boost up their own strength.