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ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the nursing and pandemic of COVID-19 considering health education, health promotion, and the Ottawa Charter action areas. Methods: A theoretical-reflexive study on health education and health promotion concepts and the areas of action presented in the Ottawa Charter. Results: Educational actions are present in the contexts of epidemics and pandemics, as well as in the work of nurses, who need to be increasingly based on dialogue and individual and collective empowerment to enable users to adopt healthy and preventive behaviors - in this case, concerning COVID19. However, this professional needs effective and efficient public policy actions and measures based on scientific assumptions of health promotion. Final considerations: The actions of health education need to be increasingly valued because knowledge can be considered the first "vaccine" to combat any pandemic.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la enfermedad y la pandemia del COVID-19 teniendo en cuenta la educación en salud, la promoción de la salud y los campos de actuación de la Carta de Ottawa. Métodos: Estudio teórico-reflexivo fundamentado los conceptos de educación en salud de promoción de la salud en los campos de actuación de la carta de Ottawa. Resultados: Las acciones educativas están presentes en los contextos de epidemias y pandemias, así como en el trabajo de los enfermeros, que deben basarse cada vez más en el diálogo y en el empoderamiento individual y colectivo para que el usuario adopte comportamientos saludables y preventivos, en este caso, en relación con el COVID-19. Sin embargo, este profesional necesita acciones y medidas eficaces y eficientes de políticas públicas basadas en los supuestos científicos de la promoción de la salud. Consideraciones finales: las acciones de educación sanitaria deben valorarse cada vez más, ya que el conocimiento puede considerarse la primera "vacuna" para combatir cualquier pandemia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre a enfermagem e pandemia da COVID-19 levando em consideração a educação em saúde, a promoção da saúde e os campos de atuação da Carta de Ottawa. Métodos: Estudo teórico-reflexivo fundamentado nos conceitos de educação em saúde e promoção da saúde e nos campos de atuação da carta de Ottawa. Resultados: As ações educativas estão presentes nos contextos de epidemias e pandemias, bem como no trabalho do enfermeiro, que precisa ser cada vez mais pautado no diálogo e no empoderamento individual e coletivo para possibilitar ao usuário a adoção de comportamentos saudáveis e preventivos — neste caso, em relação à COVID-19. Entretanto, esse profissional precisa de ações e medidas efetivas e eficazes de políticas públicas embasadas em pressupostos científicos da promoção da saúde. Considerações finais: As ações de educação em saúde precisam ser cada vez mais valorizadas, pois o conhecimento pode ser considerado a primeira "vacina" para o combate a qualquer pandemia.
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The 6-lettered word "Stroke" is an ancient disease, likened Biblicallyto "666" in Revelation 13 verse 18. Globally, it is the commonestcause of acquired long-term disability. While its incidence has beendeclining in high-, low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have witnessed an increase. This increase is driven byepidemiologic-transition/modernizatio n-complex, healthcaredisparities, and increasing prevalence of vascular risk-factors. Despitethe disproportionate burden of stroke in LMICs, these countrieshave the lowest rate of access to acute reperfusion-interventions leadingto greater stroke-related morbidity /mortality. Effective primordial,primary, secondary, and quaternary prevention-strategies coordinated at all levels of care are needed to reduce stroke incidenceand poor outcomes. The World Stroke Organization (WSO) hasproposed achieving global primary prevention through 1) Population-wide approach to limiting stroke risk-factors exposure, 2) App-basedmotivational population-wide approach to mitigating stroke risk-fa cto rs, 3 ) u se of lo w-co st co mbi n at io n /po ly- p il l to tre at hypertension/dyslipidemia and 4) addressing behavioural risk-factorsthrough interventions by community health-workers.The need to set-up stroke-units, post-hospitalisation rehabilitation-centres, stroke-registers/registries, stroke-clubs, and encouragecommunity health-education, must be emphasised for optimal care inLMIC.13 Community Health Empowerment (CHE) withthe AcronymBE FAST / STRoke as warning signs of stroke must be emphasised(B: Balance-loss; E: Eye vision-loss; F: Facial Asymmetry; A: Armweakness; S: Speech difficulties; T: Time is brain; Or first 3-lettersof STRoke Can Patient Smile? Talk? Or Raise-arm?). Strokehemorheology/blood-flow and treatment involve 3Ps' of pathogenicprinciples/strategies (Passenger, Passage, Power). Its complicationsinclude the 10D's: Death, Disability, Depression, Dementia, Delirium,Dysphagia, Dehydration, Deep-Venous Thrombosis, Decubitus-ulcers, Dysphasia, Seizures.
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Humans , Epidemiology , Stroke , Health Education , Pressure Ulcer , Disease PreventionABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Para combatir al Coronavirus se requiere saber cómo afrontarlo, saber sus características más importantes y reconocer que lo más sustancial es generar medidas higiénicas básicas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al paciente empoderado en el tema de coronavirus. Métodos: Estudio transversal-analítico, con encuesta autoaplicada de carácter multicéntrico realizado en Perú entre marzo y mayo de 2020. El "paciente empoderado" se definió mediante encuesta de diez preguntas (alpha de Cronbach: 0,83); cuatro: conocimiento básico, de la gravedad y del contagio; dos: en quienes genera más daño y cuatro: medidas de protección. Se hizo la sumatoria del total de los puntajes y se cruzó versus cuatro variables socio-educativas. Resultados: De los 4167 encuestados; la mayoría sabía las medidas para evitar el contagio: el lavado de manos y estornudar adecuadamente (ambas con 65 % de personas muy de acuerdo). En el análisis multivariado, los del nivel técnico tenían un menor empoderamiento con respecto a la enfermedad (coeficiente: 0,39; IC95%: 0,15-0,98; p=0,046); además, en comparación con los encuestados que no tenían riesgo de complicaciones, los que eran del personal de salud sin riesgo (coeficiente: 1,77; IC95%: 1,01-3,09; p= 0,045) y los del personal de salud que tenían algún riesgo (coeficiente: 4,73; IC95%: 1,46-15,31; p= 0,010), fueron los más empoderados con respecto a la enfermedad; todas estas comparaciones se ajustaron por el sexo, la edad y el lugar de encuestado. Conclusiones: El personal de salud, debido a su actividad laboral, son lo más empoderados con respecto a COVID-19 y tienen mejor conocimiento en los temas de transmisión y prevención.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The fight against coronavirus infection requires knowledge about how to cope with this disease, as well as awareness of its main characteristics and the leading role played by basic hygiene actions. Objective: Determine the factors associated to patient empowerment in the context of coronavirus infection. Methods: A multicenter analytical cross-sectional study based on a self-applied survey was conducted in Peru from March to May 2020. The "empowered patient" was defined by a 10-question survey (Cronbach's alpha: 0.83); four: basic knowledge about severity and contagion; two: who are the most harshly affected, and four: protection measures. Total scores were added together and compared with four socioeducational variables. Results: Most of the 4 167 respondents were aware of the measures required to prevent contagion: hand and respiratory hygiene (both with 65% respondents very much in agreement). Multivariate analysis revealed that people with a technical educational level were less empowered about the disease (coefficient: 0.39; CI95%: 0.15-0.98; p=0.046). Comparison between respondents under no risk for complications, the health personnel (coefficient: 1.77; CI 95%: 1.01-3.09; p=0.045) and the health personnel under some sort of risk (coefficient: 4.73; CI 95%: 1.46-15.31; p=0.010) showed that the latter were the most empowered about the disease. These comparisons were adjusted for respondent sex, age and location. Conclusions: The health personnel were found to be the most highly empowered about COVID-19, due to the job they do, and showed to have the broadest knowledge about transmission and prevention topics.
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Objective@#To convey health empowerment and self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease and the correlation between them.@*Methods@#Convenient sampling was used, elderly patients with chronic disease health empowerment questionnaire, self-concealment questionnaire, general demographic information questionnaire were used to survey 490 community elderly patients with chronic disease.@*Results@#The elderly patients′ health empowerment average score was 3.02±0.86, self-concealment average score was 3.38±0.69, health empowerment and self-concealment had significant negative correlation (r=-0.389, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The community elderly patients with chronic disease was at a moderate lower level, self-concealment was at a moderate higher level, relative people should decrease the degree of self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, increase the degree of health empowerment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, so as to promote the physical and psychological health of community elderly patients with chronic disease.
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Objective To convey health empowerment and self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease and the correlation between them. Methods Convenient sampling was used, elderly patients with chronic disease health empowerment questionnaire, self- concealment questionnaire, general demographic information questionnaire were used to survey 490 community elderly patients with chronic disease. Results The elderly patients′ health empowerment average score was 3.02±0.86, self-concealment average score was 3.38±0.69, health empowerment and self-concealment had significant negative correlation (r=-0.389, P＜0.01). Conclusions The community elderly patients with chronic disease was at a moderate lower level, self-concealment was at a moderate higher level, relative people should decrease the degree of self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, increase the degree of health empowerment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, so as to promote the physical and psychological health of community elderly patients with chronic disease.
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Objective@#To describe the patients situation and correlation Health Empowerment ability and the quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease.@*Methods@#A Random sampling from December 2016 to August 2017 was preformed. The patients with coronary heart disease were recruited and assessed for socio-demographic, medical data with self-made general information questionnaire, the scales of Chinese version of Patient perception of empowerment scale (PPES) and the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36).@*Results@#The patients with coronary heart disease Healthy empowerment cognition score was (45.17±5.72) and the Healthy empowerment cognition was positively correlated with Quality of life (r=0.109-0.371, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The Healthy empowerment cognition and Quality of life of mild-to- moderate generally in patients with coronary heart disease. It is suggested that improving the healthy empowerment ability of patients with coronary heart disease can indirectly improve the quality of life of the patients.
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Objective To investigate the status quo of returning to the society of middle-aged and young patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis based on the health empowerment theory. Methods Using the purposive sampling method, 11 patients were interviewed. The interview results were analyzed using Colaizzi analysis and the keywords were extracted. Result A total of 9 keywords were extracted, including beliefs and attitudes ( the sense of responsibility, economic burden and social needs to be met);knowledge and ability ( ability to maintain normal peritoneal dialysis but lack of the ability to solve related complications and decreased work ability after returning to society);related to action and performanc ( limited occupational self-development after returning to society,related to social support and resources:more social support, guidance in chronic disease management and proper social welfare). Conclusions Returning to society can improve the living conditions of middle-aged and youth patients with peritoneal dialysis although they can run into troubles in economic conditions, fatigue, and lack of disease management knowledge and ability. Medical workers should provide them with instructions on disease management knowledge, strengthen social support system other than their families and help them out of the troubles so that they can return to society and enhance their life of quality.
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Introducción: la intersectorialidad, como componente de la planificación sanitaria, constituye uno de los pilares de los procesos de organización y reorganización de la salud pública contemporánea y, por ende, de las funciones esenciales de sus sistemas y servicios. Objetivo: describir la función de la intersectorialidad en la toma de decisiones en el campo de la salud pública. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de acción participativa en la planificación, implementación y evaluación sanitarias, a través de la metodología conocida bajo el acrónimo CPPE (Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation), en las provincias de La Habana, Cienfuegos y Las Tunas, durante el quinquenio 2008-2012. Resultados: hubo evidencias de la aplicación del principio de intersectorialidad, trabajo comunitario, capacitación y consolidación de las áreas de salud y los consejos populares. Asimismo, se presentaron algunos de los factores señalados como determinantes, condicionantes y desencadenantes del desarrollo de la intersectorialidad que, aunque no se tuvieron en cuenta al aplicar el enfoque metodológico, fueron analizados durante la planificación e implementación de las intervenciones por los actores. Conclusiones: la satisfacción y el bienestar por la mejoría de la calidad de vida de las personas y su entorno, así como la voluntad política, fueron incentivos eficaces para llevar a cabo estos procesos. Al respecto, fue evidente la importancia de la intersectorialidad como enfoque tecnológico y se ratificó que el sector de salud no puede actuar de manera independiente, pues la mayoría de los factores determinantes de la salud están fuera de su competencia; de modo que se reveló la necesidad de la perspectiva intersectorial.
Introduction: intersectoriality, as component of the health planning, constitutes one of the keystones of the organization and reorganization processes of the contemporary public health and so, of the main functions of its systems and services. Objective: to describe the role of Intersectoriality in the decisions making process in the public health field. Methods: an investigation of participative action in the planning, implementation and health evaluation was carried out through the well-known methodology CPPE (Comprehensive Participative Planning and Evaluation), in Havana, Cienfuegos and Las Tunas provinces, during the five year period 2008-2012. Results: there were evidences of the Intersectoriality principle application, community work, training and consolidation of the health areas and the People's Councils. Likewise, some of the factors classified as determinant, conditioning and triggering for the development of Intersectoriality were presented, which, although they were not kept in mind when applying the methodological approach, they were analyzed during the planning and implementation of the interventions by the participants. Conclusions: the satisfaction and the well-being for the improvement of life quality of people and their environment, as well as the political will, were effective incentives to carry out these processes. In this respect, the importance of the Intersectoriality as technological approach was evident and it was ratified that the health sector cannot play its role in an independent way, because most of the health decisive factors are out of its competence; so the necessity of the intersector perspective was revealed.
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Se realizó una intervención comunitaria en los trabajadores de 30 entidades laborales ubicadas en la zona industrial del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2009-2010, para establecer el empoderamiento sanitario en ellos. Entre los principales resultados figuró el logro de la capacitación de todos los líderes sindicales y políticos, así como de la brigada de vigilancia y lucha antivectorial, por el contrario de los dirigentes administrativos, de los cuales solo 86,6 % participó en el estudio porque no lo consideraban una responsabilidad inherente a su cargo. Respecto a la situación ambiental, se observó un incremento de los criaderos de Aedes aegypti durante la temporada lluviosa, asociado a una mayor acumulación de agua en los depósitos naturales o artificiales, o ambos; no obstante, hubo un impacto social en el ordenamiento del medio en 9 de estas instituciones a través de la integración de los intereses comunitarios, la planificación en conjunto y la evaluación participativa, que conformó la principal estrategia. Finalmente, se recomendó implementar este proceso de empoderamiento sanitario en el resto de los centros de trabajo de la zona industrial con vistas a prevenir las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos y roedores.
A community intervention was performed in workers of 30 entities located in the industrial area of Santiago de Cuba municipality during the biennium 2009 -2010 to establish the health empowerment in them. Among the main results was the training for all union and political leaders and antivectorial surveillance and control brigade, unlike administrative leaders, of whom only 86.6% participated in the study because they considered it was not their responsibility. Regarding the environmental conditions, an increment of Aedes aegypti breeding sites was observed during the rainy season, associated with increased accumulation of water in natural or artificial reservoirs or both. However, there was a social impact on environmental management in 9 of these institutions through the integration of community interests, joint planning and participatory evaluation, which was the main strategy. Finally, it was recommended to implement this process of health empowerment in other workplaces in the industrial area to prevent diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents.