Avaliação de intervenção psicológica positiva para a promoção de saúde de aposentados / Evaluación de intervención psicológica positiva para promoción de la salud de jubilados / Evaluation of a positive psychology intervention for health promotion of retirees

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a intervenção psicológica positiva para promoção de saúde de aposentados, a partir da avaliação dos participantes, no que se refere à satisfação com o programa e com o moderador, clareza/compreensão/aplicação dos conteúdos e manutenção da aplicação ao longo de tempo, com delineamento longitudinal misto e avaliação pré (T1), pós-teste (T2) e seguimento (T3 - 03 meses). Participaram 65 aposentados que responderam ao questionário misto de avaliação do programa. Análises quantitativas indicaram maiores médias para satisfação com o programa e com o moderador; e menor média para tempo de duração do programa. 77,7% participantes em T2 e 87,2% em T3 utilizaram nas suas vidas os conteúdos trabalhados no programa. Foi observada manutenção da aplicação dos conteúdos de empatia, autocuidado, otimismo, gratidão, perdão e autoperdão. Resultados positivos demonstram que este modelo de intervenção para promoção de saúde - com base na psicologia positiva e TCC - apresenta potencial para ser aplicado em contextos de saúde pública e promoção de envelhecimento ativo.

RESUMEN Este estúdio evaluó una intervención psicológica positiva para La promoción de la salud de jubilados, basado em laevaluación de los participantes, encuanto a satisfacción com el programa y com el moderador, claridad/comprensión/aplicación de los contenidos y mantenimiento de La aplicaciónen el tiempo, condiseño longitudinal mixto y evaluación pre (T1), posterior a laprueba (T2) y seguimiento (T3 - tres meses). Participaron 65 jubilados que respondieron los cuestionarios de evaluación del programa. Los análisis cuantitativos indican promedios más altos para satisfacción conel moderador y programa; y más bajo para laduración del programa. 77.7% de los participantes en T2 y 87.2% en T3 usaron en sus vidas los contenidos trabajados em el programa. Se observo mantenimiento de la aplicación de lãs variables empatía, autocuidado, optimismo, gratitud, perdón y autoperdón. Los resultados positivos demuestran que este modelo de intervención presenta potencial de ser aplicado en contextos de salud pública y promoción Del envejecimiento activo.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a Positive Psychology programme for health promotion of retirees, based on evaluation of participants with regard to levels of satisfaction with the programme/group and with the moderator, comprehension and application of contents and maintenance/long-term application of contents. A mixed longitudinal design, with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3 - three months) evaluations was used. 65 retirees answered a programme evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative results indicated higher mean rates for satisfaction with the moderator and programme; and lower rates for the programme length/duration. Qualitative analysis indicated that 77.7% of the sample at T2, and 87.2% at T3 reported having used contents of the programme in their lives. Maintenance of application of contents was observed for empathy, self-care, optimism, gratitude, forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Positive outcomes demonstrate this pattern of intervention for health promotion - based on Positive Psychology and CBT - presents the potential to be applied within public health contexts for the promotion of active aging.

Mental health services for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a WHO-FICs-based study / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the typical mental health conditions and psychological disorders of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to construct a mental health service system and psychological interventions to these mental health conditions of children with IDD . MethodsBased on the framework of the World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the mental health conditions and related functioning were analyzed, and the mental health service framework and proposed mental health interventions were constructed.There were six main categories of mental health conditions for children with IDDConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the typical mental health status and related psychological functional impairments of children with IDD. Based on the World Health Organization health service system, a mental health service framework for children with IDD was constructed. Referring to the WHO's continuum of health services, a system of psychological intervention methods for children with IDD was established. Furthermore, the WHO-FICs were used to describe and code the functions of children with IDD, and the ICHI-β3 was applied to code and analyze the related psychological interventions. Resultsmood disorders (anxiety and depression), behavioral disorders (disruptive disorders and challenging behaviors, aggressive behaviors), traumatic disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder), mental disorders (schizophrenia), suicide and self-harm, and learning disabilities (developmental learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Mental health services for children with IDD involved in six dimensions: leadership and governance, fundraising, human resources, service delivery, mental health technologies, and information and research. Mental health services went through the continuum of health services from prevention, treatment, rehabilitation to health promotion. We delivered mental health services for children with IDD in three aspects: identifying and diagnosing mental health problems or conditions, analyzing the main factors caused mental health problems, and analyzing the environmental factors. Mental health service interventions mainly covered five categories: antidepressants, psychotherapy, stress management training, physical exercise training, healthy lifestyle education, consultation and support. Children with IDD may obtain the mental health services in hospitals, rehabilitation institutions, community and school settings.

Impact of a Mobile Health Intervention to Support Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review

@#Nowadays, mobile health (mHealth) intervention has become a popular and convenient strategy to support exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, the effectiveness of the mHealth intervention on this topic is still ambiguous. Thus, a scoping review was done to map the available evidence and identify the impact of mHealth interventions to support EBF. A scoping review of English academic journals was conducted using four electronic databases (Scopus, EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) from 2016 to 2021. Only 23 articles were eligible. The sample size ranged from 50 to 1,568 participants, aged 18 and above. About 60% of the reviewed articles showed that mHealth interventions had a significant impact on EBF. The intervention group that received the mHealth tools had longer and higher EBF rates and duration compared to the control group. Other articles did not find a significant mHealth intervention impact towards EBF; however, it increased breastfeeding efficacy, mother’s knowledge and the child’s body weight.

A Scoping Review on the Educational Strategies Used in Intervention Studies to Improve Oral Health in Children

@#This study reviewed the educational strategies of oral health intervention studies on children aged three to 18 years. Eighteen studies, published between January 2015 and December 2021, were found in the major databases and met the eligibility criteria. Information on the educational activities, topics, and study participants were extracted and synthesised, and the association between the number of strategies and oral health improvement was examined. Demonstrations, distribution of printed materials, and provision of oral health kits were frequently employed educational activities of the 14 studies identified.. Of ten topics, oral health care, diet, and oral diseases were frequently included. Most interventions involved children only and few had involved the parents, children, and teachers. Improvement in clinical and non-clinical outcomes are associated with fewer topics and targeting children only, respectively. It is unclear whether mixed and multiple strategies are advantageous and cost-effective in preventing oral diseases in children.

Adaptação de receitas culinárias de um programa de intervenção em habilidades culinárias para indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2: um estudo de viabilidade / Culinary recipes adaptation to a cooking skills intervention program for individuals with type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

Introdução: Hábitos alimentares saudáveis e habilidades culinárias podem contribuir no tratamento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo: Este estudo visou adaptar nutricionalmente, testar e avaliar qualitativamente as características sensoriais de receitas culinárias para sua aplicação em um programa de intervenção culinária para indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2, denominado Nutrição e Culinária na Cozinha. Método: O programa Nutrição e Culinária na Cozinha é uma intervenção com oficinas culinárias práticas focadas na promoção das habilidades culinárias. As modificações das receitas foram baseadas no índice glicêmico dos ingredientes, depois testadas e discutidas por especialistas em nutrição por meio de oficinas de consenso. Realizaram-se grupos focais com indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 para avaliar e discutir as características sensoriais das receitas culinárias. Resultados: As adaptações das receitas para atender à população com diabetes tipo 2 incluíram a substituição de arroz por couve-flor e macarrão por abobrinha, além do uso de frutas e especiarias em receitas doces em substituição a ingredientes com açúcares de adição e/ou edulcorantes Essas mudanças foram aprovadas pelos indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2. Conclusão: As receitas culinárias adaptadas poderão ser utilizadas em orientações dietéticas e em intervenções culinárias para promover hábitos alimentares que contribuam para o controle glicêmico.

Introduction: Healthy eating habits and cooking skills can contribute to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: This study aimed to adapt, test, and qualitatively evaluate the sensory characteristics of food recipes for their application in a culinary intervention program for individuals with type 2 diabetes, called Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen. Methods: Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen is an intervention program with hands-on cooking classes focused on promoting cooking skills. Recipes' modifications were based on the glycemic index of ingredients, then tested and discussed by nutrition experts in consensus workshops. Individuals with type 2 diabetes assessed and discussed the sensory characteristics of recipes in focus groups. Results: Recipes adaptations to suit type 2 diabetes population included replacement of rice by cauliflower and pasta by zucchini, and the use of fruits and spices in sweet recipes instead of using added sugar ingredients and/or non-caloric sweeteners. Those changes were positively accepted by the individuals with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The adapted culinary recipes can be used in dietary guidelines and in cooking interventions to promote eating habits that contribute to glycemic control.

Intervención sanitaria con candidatos vacunales, como estrategia temporal de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19, Cuba, 2021 / Health intervention with vaccine candidates as a temporary strategy to confront COVID-19, Cuba, 2021

Introducción: El Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud, informó en diciembre de 2019, sobre casos con neumonía en la ciudad de Wuhan, en China. La nueva enfermedad, ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2, se nombró COVID-19. El 11 de marzo del 2020 se diagnosticaron en Cuba los tres primeros casos importados. La introducción paulatina de diferentes variantes virales ocasionó varios brotes. Se hizo necesario buscar alternativas que permitieran lograr el control epidemiológico. Objetivo: Desarrollar una intervención sanitaria efectiva con candidatos vacunales dirigida a revertir la situación epidemiológica ocasionada por la epidemia de la COVID-19 en Cuba en el periodo de enero a agosto de 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación-acción en tres etapas, con la aplicación de grupos de discusión que aportaron información para la organización del proceso y la toma de decisiones. Además, se apoyó en el estudio descriptivo longitudinal para el análisis de datos epidemiológicos a partir de las series cronológicas, que permitió valorar la efectividad de la intervención. El periodo de estudio abarcó desde enero a agosto del 2021. Resultados: El estudio situacional de salud evidenció el nivel de complejidad de la situación epidemiológica y el contexto social y económico prevaleciente. A partir de sus resultados se diseñó e implementó el proyecto de intervención, con las condiciones de factibilidad requeridas. La implementación de la intervención arrojó resultados favorables logrando vacunar al 99,16 por ciento de la población prevista, con la consiguiente reducción en la incidencia de casos al alcanzar coberturas de vacuna del 63,2 por ciento, el 36 por ciento y el 50,9 por ciento en las provincias de La Habana, Matanzas y Santiago de Cuba, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La intervención sanitaria, de carácter temporal, efectuada con los candidatos vacunales Soberana 02 y Abdala, pautó un modo de actuación que se extendió más allá de la propia intervención, al aportar soluciones culturales, gerenciales, metodológicas, educativas, de capacitación en buenas prácticas, intersectorialidad, participación social y manejo del liderazgo, que representan productos extendidos a los servicios de salud(AU)

Introduction: The Health Surveillance System reported in December 2019 cases with pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China. The new disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was named COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, the first three imported cases were diagnosed in Cuba. The gradual introduction of different viral variants caused several outbreaks. It became necessary to look for alternatives that would allow epidemiological control to be achieved. Objective: Develop an effective health intervention with vaccine candidates aimed at reversing the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 epidemic in Cuba during the period from January to August 2021. Methods: A qualitative action research study was carried out in three stages, with the application of debate groups that provided information for the organization of the process and decision making. In addition, it was based on the longitudinal descriptive study for the analysis of epidemiological data from the time series, which allowed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The study period spanned from January to August 2021. Results: The situational health study showed the level of complexity of the epidemiological situation and the prevailing social and economic context. Based on its results, the intervention project was designed and implemented, with the required feasibility conditions. The implementation of the intervention yielded favorable results, managing to vaccinate 99.16percent of the planned population, with the consequent reduction in the incidence of cases by reaching vaccine coverage of 63.2percent, 36percentnd 50.9percent in the provinces of Havana, Matanzas and Santiago de Cuba, respectively. Conclusions: The health intervention, of a temporary nature, carried out with the vaccine candidates Soberana 02 and Abdala outlined a mode of action that extended beyond the intervention itself, by providing cultural, managerial, methodological, educational solutions, training in good practices, intersectorality, social participation and leadership management, which represent products extended to health services(AU)

Estratégias participativas para a intervenção em saúde: relato de experiência no pet-saúde graduasus / Participatory strategies for health intervention: experience report at Pet-Saúde graduasus / Estrategias participativas para la intervención sanitaria: informe de la experiencia en el Pet-Saúde graduasus

Este trabalho relata uma experiência de trabalho interdisciplinar desenvolvida por professores, estudantes de um Bacharelado em Saúde, profissionais de saúde, e atores sociais de uma comunidade, no âmbito do Programa de Educação para o Trabalho PET-Saúde GraduaSUS. A primeira parte do projeto se concentrou no diagnóstico participativo da situação de saúde na cidade de Porto Seguro, Brasil, e a partir do qual foram planejadas ações de intervenção junto à comunidade. Especificamente, o texto apresenta uma série de oficinas realizadas com alunos de uma escola da região, que apontaram a violência como um dos principais problemas em seu território. As oficinas foram oferecidas como dispositivo de reflexão, articulação e ela-boração de experiências de violência e, ao mesmo tempo, como espaço de reflexão e questionamento de práticas de discriminação e violação de direitos humanos, com as quais os jovens têm contato na sua vida cotidiana. O trabalho reafirmou o poder das estratégias participativas de intervenção social para produzir transformações sociais e subjetivas, inclusive em relação aos problemas no campo da saúde

This paper relates an interdisciplinary intervention experience developed by professors, students of a Bachelor of Health, health professionals and social actors from a community, within the PET-Saúde GraduaSUS. The first part of the project focused on a participatory diagnosis of the health situation in the city of Porto Seguro, Brazil. Specifically, the text descrives workshops carried out with students from a school of the region, who pointed out violence, as one of the main problems in their territory. The workshops were offered as a strategy for reflection, articulation and elaboration of experiences of violence and, at the same time, as a space for reflection and questioning of practices of discrimination and violation of human rights, experienced by young people in their daily life. The outcomes reaffirmed the power of participatory social intervention strategies to produce social and subjective transformations, including in relation to problems in the health field

Este trabajo relata una experiencia de trabajo interdisciplinario desarrollada por profesores, estudiantes de una Licenciatura en salud, profesionales de salud y actores sociales de una comunidad, dentro del Progra-ma de Educación para el Trabajo PET-Salud GraduaSUS. La primera parte del proyecto se concentró en un diagnóstico participativo de la situación de salud en la ciudad de Porto Seguro, Brasil, a partir del cual fueron planeadas acciones de intervención, junto con la comunidad. Específicamente, el texto presenta una serie de talleres realizados con, estudiantes de una escuela de la región, que apuntaron la violencia como uno de los principales problemas de su territorio. Los talleres fueron ofertados como un dispositivo de reflexión, articulación y elaboración de experiencias de violencia y, al mismo tiempo, como un espacio de reflexión y cuestionamiento de prácticas de discriminación y de violación de los derechos humanos, con las que los jóvenes tienen contacto en su cotidianidad. El trabajo reafirmo la potencia de las estrategias intervención social participativas para producir transformaciones sociales y subjetivas, inclusive en relación a problemas el campo de salud

Research on the effect of sports on students' physical fitness under the health intervention policy / Pesquisa sobre o efeito dos esportes na aptidão física dos alunos de acordo com a política de intervenção em saúde / Investigación sobre el efecto de los deportes en la aptitud física de los estudiantes en el marco de la política de intervención sanitaria

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main reason for the decline in college students' physical fitness and health is the lack of physical exercise, the emphasis on study and the neglect of physical exercise, and the lowering of the physical fitness requirements of college students. Objective: The paper analyzes the status quo and existing problems of college students' physical fitness and proposes that the school party committee issues policy-based health intervention measures, encourages school physical education teachers to participate in students' after-school physical exercises, and extensively develops school mass sports activities. Methods: The paper uses a literature method, questionnaire survey, comprehensive evaluation method, etc., to analyze the internal and external factors of college students' physical decline. Results: Through the practice density test of students in physical education teaching, it is learned that physical education in the first grade can fully develop students' physical fitness, and the practice density of each class reaches 60%. The practice density of the second-grade optional courses is about 20%, and it cannot achieve the purpose of effective physical exercise. Conclusions: The current teaching content and teaching methods of physical education classes cannot effectively complete physical education tasks. It is necessary to adjust the teaching content further and improve the teaching methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O principal motivo do declínio da condição física e da saúde dos estudantes universitários é a falta de exercícios físicos, a negligência dos exercícios físicos devido à ênfase no estudo e a redução das exigências de aptidão física dos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: O documento analisa o status quo e os problemas existentes de aptidão física de estudantes universitários e propõe que o comitê do partido escolar emita medidas de intervenção de saúde baseadas em políticas, encoraje os professores de educação física a participarem extensivamente dos exercícios físicos dos alunos após as aulas. Métodos: O artigo utiliza um questionário e um método de avaliação abrangente, etc., para analisar os fatores internos e externos de deterioração física dos estudantes universitários. Resultados: Por meio do teste de densidade de prática dos alunos no ensino de educação física, aprende-se que a educação física na primeira série pode desenvolver plenamente a aptidão física dos alunos, sendo que a prática de cada aula chega a 60%.A prática do curso eletivo de segundo grau é de aproximadamente 20% e não pode atingir o objetivo de exercícios físicos eficazes. Conclusões: O conteúdo e os métodos de ensino atuais das aulas de educação física não podem completar as tarefas de educação física com eficácia. É necessário aperfeiçoar ainda mais o conteúdo de ensino e melhorar os métodos de ensino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La principal razón del declive en la condición física y la salud de los estudiantes universitarios es la falta de ejercicio físico, el descuido del ejercicio físico por el énfasis en el estudio, y la reducción de los requisitos de aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: El documento analiza el status quo y los problemas existentes de la aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios y propone que el comité del partido escolar emita medidas de intervención de salud basadas en políticas, aliente a los maestros de educación física de la escuela a participar en los ejercicios físicos de los estudiantes después de la escuela de manera extensiva. Métodos: El artículo utiliza cuestionario y método de evaluación integral, etc., para analizar los factores internos y externos del deterioro físico de los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: A través de la prueba de densidad de práctica de los estudiantes en la enseñanza de educación física, se aprende que la educación física en el primer grado puede desarrollar plenamente la aptitud física de los estudiantes, y la práctica de cada clase alcanza el 60%. La práctica de los cursos optativos de segundo grado es de aproximadamente el 20% y no puede lograr el propósito de un ejercicio físico efectivo. Conclusiones: El contenido y los métodos de enseñanza actuales de las clases de educación física no pueden completar eficazmente las tareas de educación física. Es necesario ajustar aún más el contenido de la enseñanza y mejorar los métodos de enseñanza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Empirical analysis and intervention research on college students' health influence mechanism from the perspective of public sports / Análisis empírico e investigación de intervenciones sobre el mecanismo de impacto en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios desde la perspectiva de los deportes públicos / Análise empírica e investigação de intervenção sobre o mecanismo de influência na saúde dos estudantes universitários sob a perspectiva do desporto público

ABSTRACT The construction of public sports does not only improve the sports performance of college students, but also improves the health level of students. At present, the achievements of public sports construction in colleges and universities are not good, and the reasons for hindering the improvement of students' physical health are more complex. In order to explore the problems existing in the construction of public sports in colleges and universities, this study used literature survey, the Delphi method, questionnaire survey and factor analysis to analyze the health impact mechanism of college students, and carried out intervention research according to analysis results. Factor analysis was used to extract the students' factors, school factors, parents' factors and social factors from the 30 influencing factors in the questionnaire and, through empirical analysis, it summed up the students' health influence mechanism, such as learning pressure, physical education curriculum, family health attention and so on. In view of the main influencing factors, the targeted intervention, including improving the students' and parents' awareness of physical exercise and enhancing the load of physical education curriculum in colleges and universities is designed. Before and after the intervention, students' sprint and long-distance running tests show that students' physical fitness has been significantly improved, and the intervention results show that targeted intervention can promote the healthy development of college students. It is expected that this study can strengthen the level of public sports construction in colleges and universities, so as to improve students' physical quality.

RESUMO A construção de esportes públicos não só melhora o desempenho esportivo dos estudantes universitários, como também melhora o nível de saúde desses estudantes. Atualmente, as instalações esportivas em faculdades e universidades não são boas, e as razões para impedir a melhoria da saúde física dos estudantes são mais complexas. A fim de explorar os problemas existentes na construção de esportes públicos em faculdades e universidades, este estudo utilizou o método da literatura, o método Delphi, o método de levantamento por questionários e o método de análise de fatores para analisar o mecanismo de impacto na saúde dos estudantes universitários, e realizou pesquisas de intervenção de acordo com os resultados da análise. A análise de fatores foi usada para extrair os fatores dos alunos, fatores escolares, fatores dos pais e fatores sociais dos trinta fatores que influenciam o questionário, e através de análise empírica, resumiu-se o mecanismo de influência da saúde dos alunos, como pressão na aprendizagem, carga curricular de educação física, atenção à saúde familiar e assim por diante. Tendo em conta os principais fatores influenciadores, concebeu-se a intervenção visada, incluindo a melhoria da conscientização dos estudantes e dos pais para o exercício físico e o reforço da carga dos programas de educação física nas faculdades e universidades. Antes e depois da intervenção, o teste de sprint e de longa distância dos estudantes mostra que a aptidão física dos estudantes foi significativamente melhorada, e os resultados da intervenção mostram que a intervenção orientada pode promover o desenvolvimento saudável dos estudantes universitários. Espera-se que este estudo possa reforçar o nível de concepção dos serviços de públicos esportivos em faculdades e universidades, de modo a melhorar a qualidade física dos estudantes.

RESUMEN La instalación de deportes públicos no solo mejora el rendimiento deportivo de los estudiantes universitarios, sino que también mejora el nivel de salud de los estudiantes. En la actualidad, los logros de la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades no son buenos y las razones que obstaculizan la mejora de la salud física de los estudiantes son más complejas. Con el fin de explorar los problemas existentes en la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, este estudio utilizó la revisión de literatura, el método Delphi, la encuesta de cuestionario y el análisis factorial para analizar el mecanismo de impacto en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios, y llevó a cabo una investigación de intervención según los resultados de los análisis. Se utilizó el análisis factorial para extraer los factores de los estudiantes, los factores escolares, los factores de los padres y los factores sociales de los 30 factores de influencia del cuestionario y, a través del análisis empírico, se resumió el mecanismo de influencia de la salud de los estudiantes, como la presión de aprendizaje, plan de estudios de educación, atención de salud familiar, etc. Teniendo en cuenta los principales factores que influyen, se diseñó la intervención dirigida, incluida la mejora de la conciencia de los estudiantes y los padres sobre el ejercicio físico y la mejora de la carga del plan de estudios de educación física en los colegios y universidades. Antes y después de la intervención, las pruebas de carrera de velocidad y de larga distancia de los estudiantes muestran que la condición física de los estudiantes ha mejorado significativamente, y los resultados de la intervención muestran que la intervención dirigida puede promover el desarrollo saludable de los estudiantes universitarios. Se espera que este estudio pueda fortalecer el nivel de instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, de manera que mejore la calidad física de los estudiantes.

Effect of education intervention on oral health in 40 pre-pregnancy women / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the effect of intervention on oral health of pre-pregnancy women before and after oral health education. Methods:A total of 40 pre-pregnancy women were selected from the Reproductive Medicine Center of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University according to the inclusion criteria， general conditions， clinical evaluation of plaque and oral health education. Their oral health conditions were evaluated before and after oral health intervention. Results:Based on the oral health status survey， there were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in the following five items： “bleeding from brushing teeth”， “difficulty biting or chewing food”， “sensitivity of teeth or gums to cold， hot， or sweet stimuli”， "restriction of the type and amount of food eaten for dental reasons” and “medication for oral pain or discomfort”. There were significant differences between before and after intervention （all P<0.001） in four items of oral health care behavior including “How often do you brush your teeth？”， “How do you brush your teeth？”， “gargle after meals”， and “floss use or not” but showed no significant difference in toothbrush replacement （P=0.467）. There were significant differences （all P<0.001） in five items of oral health knowledge including “periodontal disease can lead to premature delivery of newborns”， “periodontal disease can lead to low birth weight of newborns”， “need oral examination before pregnancy”， “pregnancy prone to oral diseases”， “mid-pregnancy is the best period for the treatment of oral diseases”. The oral plaque index before intervention was 5.47±1.08 and reduced to 4.37±0.94 after intervention （t=7.93， P=0.001）. Conclusion:Through education intervention， the oral health status of pre-pregnancy women can be improved. The knowledge of oral health can be improved and the level of oral health care can be enhanced. Oral health intervention can effectively reduce the level of plaque in pre-pregnancy women and improve the efficiency of plaque clearance.

Impact of public health lecture intervention on consumption behaviour towards indigenous staple carbohydrate foods

Background: The increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) experienced more in the developing countries can be attributed to changes in demography (rural to urban migration) and changes in pattern of food consumption. With the increasing incidences in diabetes globally, dietary restrictions and modifications in consumption behaviors still remains the bedrock in the prevention and management of the disease. Specific education to prevent or manage people’s lifestyle in order to combat NCDs such as diabetes are widely available, but assessment of knowledge about dietary fiber and its impact on staple foods consumption is largely unexplored.Methods: This study utilized nutritional education as an intervention strategy to bring about changes in consumers consumption behaviour, changing their perspective in consumption of root and tuber crops in relation to wheat in the study area. The intervention involved public health lecture on the nutrition values of staple carbohydrate root and tuber crop foods (cassava and yam) with focus on their dietary fibre content, relative to wheat.Results: The statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the dietary habits in urban and in rural areas. Intervention resulted in shift in consumption behavior towards indigenous staple carbohydrate food crops. The changes in behavior were more obvious in urban dwellers, especially in favour of cassava consumption.Conclusions: Education or information targeted to correct the consumption behaviour of specific group of individuals stands a chance in impacting and improving their food choices and dietary behaviours.

A systematic review of the impact of delirium on allied health interventions: A surprising lack of data

@#Background & Objectives: There is increasing interest in the impact of delirium on mortality and morbidity in stroke patients. Whilst there are published studies assessing this impact, they are primarily focused on the short/long-term physical and cognitive outcomes of stroke survivors. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the impact of delirium on participation in allied health interventions and measurable outcomes immediately following a stroke. Methods and Results: We used a broad search strategy and interrogated three online databases; CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Our initial search yielded no results specific to stroke. The search was then expanded to include studiesin any patient population and the final result yielded two publications that fulfilled inclusion criteria. One was a case report of a post-arthroplasty patient, and the second an observational study in an ICU.Both groups concluded that delirium had a negative impact on participation in allied health therapy. Conclusion: The lack of research on the impact of delirium on participation in allied health therapies in stroke patients is surprising. Intuitively, we would assume a negative association but this needs to be studied systematically to identify the incidence, risk factors, and potential interventions aimed at improving outcomes. The overall management of stroke must keep pace with the gains shown in hyperacute stroke management to ensure maximal benefit to stroke survivors.

Application of peer education in mental health education for adolescent primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess the application effect of peer education in mental health education for adolescent primary and middle school students and to provide evidence for promoting the mental health of adolescent primary and middle school students in application.@*Methods@#The non-randomized controlled trial was performed, 4-5 th grade students of two primary and 7-8 th grade students of two middle schools in a district of Chongqing were chosen as peer-education experimental group, and students in the same grade of another two school were chosen as the blank control group. The Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students scale and self-made questionnaire were used to exam in mental health status of the subjects before and after intervention.@*Results@#The detection rates after intervention of the mental health, compulsion, paranoia, hostility, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, academic stress, emotional imbalance and psychological imbalance (36.8%, 46.1%, 36.6%, 33.3%, 37.2%, 38.8%, 40.9%, 45.7%, 49.2%, 30.3%) in experimental group were lower than those before intervention (39.9%, 55.3%, 38.8%, 37.9%, 43.9%, 40.5%, 42.7%, 48.0%, 52.5%, 32.1%). The detection rate after intervention of maladjustment(39.8%)was higher than that before intervention(37.7%)(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate after intervention of the mental health, compulsion, paranoia, hostility, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety and academic stress status of adolescent primary and middle school students in experimental group was 0.63 times more than the rate of the control group(95%CI=0.49-0.81),0.73(95%CI=0.58-0.91),0.68(95%CI=0.54-0.86),0.71(95%CI=0.56-0.91)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Peer education is an effective measure and method to improve compulsion,paranoia,hostility,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety and intervention effect of adolescent primary and middle school students.

Systematic Implementation of World Health Organization Family International Classifications in Rehabilitation: Protocol and Roadmap / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore systematic implementation of World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) in the field of rehabilitation: the theoretical and policy framework at macro level, governance and management mechanism at meso level, and implementation modules at micro levels, respectively. Methods:The policy and theoretical framework of rehabilitation development was discussed based on the international rehabilitation policy documents of WHO, mainly as World Report on Disability, Global Action Plan on Disability and Rehabilitation in Health Service System. Protocol and roadmap of systematic implementation of WHO-FICs, including International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHIβ-2) was proposed. Results:With the use of WHO-FICs, the theoretical and policy framework of rehabilitation was constructed, and the contents and principles of modern rehabilitation services were clarified at macro-level. Rehabilitation is an important part of health service, there are six building blocks: i.e. leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service providing, medical technology and health information system. It proposed to use knowledge management system of WHO-FICs, including the classification, nomenclature, definitions, descriptions, terminology and coding systems, to standardize rehabilitation evaluation and statistics. The management and governance system of rehabilitation should be implemented using WHO-FICs. Rehabilitation services are based on the bio-psycho-social model and implemented the principles of people-centered and functioning-oriented. The systematic implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation abide by the model of "Evaluation (ICHI)－Evaluation, Description, Classification and Coding of Functioning (ICF)－Disease Classification, Diagnosis and Coding (ICD)－Rehabilitation Intervention (ICHI)", and with the standardized process of "Evaluation (Functioning and unmet needs)－Diagnose (Disease and Functioning)－Planning of Rehabilitation－Intervention－Evaluation of Outcome". The mic-modules of implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation had been constructed. There were 28 categories of diseases, 7 categories of functioning and 6 categories of rehabilitation interventions in rehabilitation proposed by International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. According to ICD-11 and ICF, it proposed to use WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), Brief Model Disability Survey (MDS-B) and VB40 Generic Functioning Domains (VB40), and the ICF core-sets in evaluation of functioning and rehabilitation outcome. The implementation of WHO-FICs in management of medical records and reporting realized the standardized management of medical record, encoding of diseases, functioning and intervention, reporting of performance, and provided tools for billing, reimbursement and payment management of rehabilitation. It proposed to develop WHO-FICs based clinical data sets and big data to implement functioning-related Diagnosis Related Groups and case-mix statistics. Conclusion:With the systematic implementation of WHO-FICs in rehabilitation, the policy and theoretical framework at macro level had been developed. The mechanism of management and governance at meso level had been explored. The application modules and approaches at micro level had been established. A scientific and effective overall solution had been proposed to enhance the scientific, standardized, refined and informatization level, strengthen the level and governance capacity, and improve the quality, safety and the coverage of rehabilitation services.

Mental health of Chinese naval officers and soldiers: 2009-2019 / 第二军医大学学报

In recent years, mental health of naval officers and soldiers has attracted wide attention. The present research reviewed literatures on the mental health of naval officers and soldiers from 2009 to 2019, and summarized the characteristics, influencing factors and mental health intervention. The common psychological problems of naval officers and soldiers were depression, anxiety and sleeping problems; the comparative research of mental health level between naval personnel and other military services was still controversial; the branch of the navy, long-term and long-distance navigation as well as personal factors (personality, coping style and life events) influenced their mental health; and only few researches focused on mental health intervention of naval officers and soldiers. The present problems in mental health researches of naval personnel included small scale, inconsistent results, single research method and lack of experimental research. Future studies are needed to expand the sample size and diversity of naval branches, explore the promotion effect of psychological intervention on the mental health, and emphasize to the impact of various military stress factors on the mental health of naval officers and soldiers.

Mental Health Interventions Provided by Volunteer Psychiatrists after the Sewol Ferry Disaster: April 16–November 30, 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the experience of volunteer psychiatrists who provided mental health interventions to adolescents and teachers of Danwon High School from April 16, 2014, to November 30, 2014. METHODS: Data for this study were collected from 72 volunteer psychiatrists about their intervention experiences for 212 adolescents and 32 teachers during the eight months following the disaster. Developmental survey themes were identified, and coding was used to analyze the data. In addition, qualitative data analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti (version 8.2, 2018, ATLAS.ti GmbH). RESULTS: A volunteer prepared with appropriate mental health interventions may facilitate the emergency response to a disaster. Intervention services included psychological first aid, psychoeducation, screening, anxiety reduction techniques, and group therapy. CONCLUSION: In the acute aftermath of the Sewol Ferry disaster of April 16, 2014, volunteer psychiatrists were able to provide mental health interventions in a disaster response setting. The outcomes from this study have important policy and mental health system implications for volunteer psychiatrists. The results of this study constitute the basis of a better understanding of the essential mechanisms of crisis interventions after a disaster.

Research on the Construction of TCM Health Intervention Knowledge Base of Female / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To fulfill the TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) health management needs of female through constructing the intervention knowledge base, explore the long-term development mechanism of intervention knowledge base. Methods: The structure of female TCM Health Intervention Knowledge was designed base according to the characteristics of TCM health status of females. The inferential mechanism by studying the relation between the female health status and the diet therapy scheme was explored based on syndrome differentiation. A Long-term development mechanism of TCM health intervention knowledge database was designed based on big data and effect feedback mechanism. Results: The classification standard of the TCM Health Intervention Knowledge base of female includes the state of the viscera functions, qi and blood, yin and yang, and pathogenic properties of the body under the illness and health condition. The dietary therapy formula inference engine can provide food material according to the region, natures, function of tonifying, evil eliminating, to match the female health status, and constantly adjusting and improving the Intervention plan according to the feedback. Conclusion: The study proves the construction plan of TCM Health Intervention Knowledge base of female is able to meet the needs of female TCM health management intervention, and the method of constantly adjusting and improving the intervention plan according to the feedback helps to realize the precise recommendation and long-term development of intervention knowledge base.

Chronic disease prevention and control mode based on the national big data platform for medical and healthcare management / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Non-communicable chronic diseases are important public health problems. Most chronic diseases can be avoided through preventive care and effectively controlled through early detection, and the therapeutic effect can be improved by active communication. The existing chronic disease management is based on public health management which cannot meet the needs of prevention and control of chronic disease in China. On the basis of healthcare data collection and monitoring on chronic disease patients, high risk population of chronic diseases and healthy individuals, a new chronic disease management mode can be achieved using data mining, cloud computing and other technologies. In this mode, the model of chronic disease prediction and analysis is established, and leading to risk factors for chronic disease is positioned. The healthy people can receive guidance on health management, the high-risk groups can get health risk assessment and early warning so as to guide their effective intervention, and the chronic disease patients can take personalized treatment and prognosis tracking by using this model. In this paper, the meaning, problems and methods of chronic disease management based on the big data platform for medical and healthcare management were introduced and analyzed.

Health management based on the national big data platform for medical and healthcare management / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Big data will change the way of managing,analyzing,and utilizing data in any industries.In the medical and healthcare field,health management is the development direction of the future medical model.Health management is the most basic and representative functions of the national big data platform for medical and healthcare management.For individuals,effective health management can achieve the purpose of not pre-emptive treatment,and for the society,effective health management can effectively control the development of group disease,reduce the loss of medical resources,reduce medical expenses and improve the utilization of medical resources.Although the application of healthcare big data is still restrained by factors such as data quality,data missing,data silos,data security and data processing technologies,the health management based on the national big data platform is expected to play an important role in some research fields including prevention and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases,intervention technology of sub-health status,health status detection and evaluation,and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.Based on the essence and function of health management,the significance the national big data platform for medical and healthcare management was expounded.