Oral health knowledge, attitude and oral hygiene practices among adults in Rwanda

Introduction: oral diseases (OD), commonly dental caries and periodontitis are a major public health problem. Poor oral hygiene has been associated with OD, causing tooth loss, which leads to disability and compromised patients' oral health. In Rwanda, OD is among the leading causes of morbidity at the health center level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and oral health practices among adult participants in Rwanda Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was done among participants attending public health facilities in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage distribution, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at a 5% significant level. Results: among 426 participants who were interviewed, 39.44% (n=168) were 18-27 years old and the majority, 61.5% (n=262) were female. Poor oral health knowledge was found in 42% (n=179) of the participants, whilst 12.44% (n=53) showed poor oral health attitudes, and 67.37% (n=287) were found to have poor oral health practice. Participants with a high school level of education were more likely to have better oral health knowledge and the results were statistically significant aOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.14; 2.82; p = 0.011 Conclusion: the findings of our study showed that almost half of the participants had poor oral health knowledge. Oral health attitude and oral hygiene practices were also lacking. There is a need to enhance oral health education in this community to improve their oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde no enfrentamento do período de pandemia da Covid-19 por trabalhadores remoto / Integrative and Complementary Health Practices in Coping with the Covid-19 Pandemic Period by Remote Workers

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe enfrentamentos e adaptações ao estilo de vida dos indivíduos, necessitando de estratégias para prevenção da doença, com o isolamento e distanciamento social, o que incluiu o trabalho remoto (TR) e adaptação da rotina e estrutura ocupacional. Esta nova dinâmica repercutiu em impacto biopsicossocial, diminuindo o rendimento durante o trabalho, e gerando agravos físicos, psicológicos e emocionais. Diante deste contexto, faz-se necessário investigar recursos que minimizem estes impactos. Investigou-se o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde ­ PICS como recurso de enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19 por trabalhadores em atividade remota. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário, via ferramenta Google Forms, para indivíduos acima de 18 anos que /estiveram em atividades ocupacionais remotas por pelo menos 3 meses durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Participaram do estudo 186 indivíduos de 20 a 70 anos selecionados aleatoriamente por convite em redes sociais, sendo que estes deveriam preencher os critérios de inclusão e poderiam pertencer a diferentes setores de trabalho. Sobre o impacto da pandemia na saúde, a maioria (40,32%) sentiu de forma "razoável", enquanto o impacto do TR sobre a saúde foi relatado por 37,63% como "não prejudicial". 66,67% dos participantes não praticavam nenhuma PICS antes da pandemia. Destes, 20,91% iniciaram alguma prática durante o isolamento, 78,26% faziam mais de uma modalidade e 21,74% apenas uma. Os motivos relatados para o início da prática foram: dores e/ou lesões ortopédicas, ansiedade e estresse. As práticas mais realizadas foram: meditação (14,5%) e yoga (10,22%). Para quem iniciou alguma prática, a importância em relação à saúde, foi considerada muito importante para 65,22% e quando questionados sobre a utilização das PICS, como estratégia de enfrentamento da pandemia, foi considerado muito importante por 47,83%. Conclui-se que as PICS foram recursos considerados importantes para a saúde e procurados para o enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19, por trabalhadores em TR, sendo meditação e yoga as terapias mais utilizadas.

The Covid-19 pandemic brought challenges and adaptations to individuals' lifestyles, requiring strategies to prevent the disease, with isolation and social distancing, which included remote work (RW) and adaptation of the routine and occupational structure. This new dynamic had a biopsychosocial impact, reducing performance during work and generating physical, psychological and emotional problems. Given this context, it is necessary to investigate resources that minimize these impacts. The use of Integrative and Complementary Health Practices ­ ICHP was investigated as a resource to combat the Covid-19 pandemic by workers in remote activities. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out by applying a questionnaire, via the Google Forms tool, to individuals over 18 years of age who had been in remote occupational activities for at least 3 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. 186 individuals aged 20 to 70 years old, randomly selected by invitation on social networks, participated in the study, and they had to meet the inclusion criteria and could belong to different work sectors. Regarding the impact of the pandemic on health, the majority (40.32%) felt it was "reasonable", while the impact of RW on health was reported by 37.63% as "not harmful". 66.67% of participants did not practice any ICHP before the pandemic. Of these, 20.91% started some practice during isolation, 78.26% did more than one modality and 21.74% only one. The reasons reported for starting the practice were: pain and/or orthopedic injuries, anxiety and stress. The most common practices were: meditation (14.5%) and yoga (10.22%). For those who started some practice, the importance in relation to health was considered very important by 65.22% and when asked about the use of ICHP, as a strategy to face the pandemic, it was considered very important by 47.83%. It is concluded that PICS were resources considered important for health and sought after to combat the Covid-19 pandemic, by workers in RT, with meditation and yoga being the most used therapies.

Saúde bucal na infância: construção e validação de instrumento sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática de cuidadores / Oral health in childhood: construction and validation of an instrument on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar um instrumento do tipo instrumento CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática) de cuidadores, acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, para promoção da saúde bucal de crianças até 36 meses. Estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: revisão integrativa, elaboração da versão inicial e validação de conteúdo por 29 juízes. O instrumento foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência. Foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e os coeficientes FINN e Gwe-AC1 para avaliação da concordância entre juízes. Os valores do IVC global do instrumento de 39 itens foram: IVC (Clareza) igual a 0,91 e IVC (Relevância) igual a 0,95. A versão final foi obtida mediante 19 questões (conhecimento), 10 (atitude) e 10 (prática), envolvendo os temas: cárie, dieta, higiene bucal, flúor, amamentação, bicos artificiais, dentes de leite e necessidade de levar o bebê ao dentista. O instrumento produzido poderá ser utilizado por apresentar potencial de utilização a depender da avaliação mais global de suas propriedades psicométrica.

Abstract The objective of this article is to develop and validate a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) instrument for caregivers of children up to 36 months of age monitored by the Family Health Strategy. This methodological study was conducted in three stages: an integrative review, preparation of the initial version, and content validation by 29 judges. The instrument was validated for content and appearance. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the FINN and Gwe-AC1 coefficients were calculated to assess inter-judge agreement. The overall CVI values of the 39-item instrument were: Clarity (0.91) and Relevance (0.95). The final version was obtained through 19 knowledge, 10 attitude, and 10 practice questions on caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, artificial feeding, milk teeth, and the need to take the baby to the dentist. The instrument produced can be used because it has the potential for use depending on the more global assessment of its psychometric properties.

A Educação Física no Núcleo Ampliado à Saúde da Família ­ Atenção Básica: o caso da cidade de Vitória/ES / Physical Education in the Extended Center for Family Health - Primary Care: the case of the city of Vitória/ES / La Educación Física en el Núcleo Ampliado de Salud de la Familia - Atención Primaria: el caso de la ciudad de Vitória/ES

Este estudo objetiva analisar a caracterização das práticas de saúde de campo comum dos profissionais de Educação Física no Núcleo Ampliado à Saúde da Família ­ Atenção Básica/NASF-AB da cidade de Vitória/ES. A construção coletiva dos dados ocorreu por meio de observação participante, de diário de campo e de entrevista coletiva. Tal produção de dados permitiu análises coletivas com o grupo participante e mapeamento das práticas de saúde desenvolvidas por oito profissionais de Educação Física. A sistematização e o tratamento analítico dos dados possibilitaram a elaboração de duas temáticas: a participação do profissional de Educação Física nas reuniões de Equipe de Saúde da Família; e NASF-AB e práticas e intervenções de campo comum pelo/a PEF do NASFAB. Concluímos que os/as PEF do NASF-AB de Vitória/ES vêm desenhando suas práticas e saberes nos tensionamentos e encontros com os problemas nos territórios e com as equipes multiprofissionais de saúde.

This study aims to analyze the characterization of common field health practices of Physical Education professionals in the Extended Family Health Center - Primary Care/NASF-AB of the city of Vitória/ES. The collective construction of the data occurred through participant observation, field diary and collective interview. This data production allowed collective analyses with the participating group and mapping of health practices developed by eight Physical Education professionals. The systematization and analytical treatment of the data made it possible to develop two themes: the participation of the Physical Education professional in the meetings of the Family Health Team and NASF-AB; and common field practices and interventions by the NASF-AB PEF. We conclude that the PEF of the NASF-AB of Vitória/ES have been designing their practices and knowledge in tensionings and encounters with problems in the territories and with multidisciplinary health teams.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la caracterización de las prácticas de salud en el campo común de los profesionales de educación física en el Centro Ampliado de Salud de la Familia ­ Atención Básica-NASF-AB en la ciudad de Vitória/ES. La construcción colectiva de los datos se realizó a través de la observación participante, diario de campo y entrevista colectiva. Tal producción de datos permitió análisis colectivos con el grupo participante y mapeo de las prácticas de salud desajolladas por ocho profesionales de Educación Física. La sistematización y tratamiento analítico de los datos hizo posible la elaboración de dos temas: la participación del profesional de Educación Física en los encuentros del Equipo de Salud de la Familia y NASF-AB y; prácticas e intervenciones de campo comunes por parte del PEF de lo NASF-AB. Concluimos que los PEF de lo NASF-AB de Vitória/ES vienen diseñando sus prácticas y saberes en las tensiones y encuentros con los problemas en los territorios y con los equipos multiprofesionales de salud.

Relação entre o perfil de adesão e as barreiras para a permanência no programa de extensão "yoga: awaken one" / Relationship between the membership profile and the barriers to stay in the "yoga: awaken one" extension program

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o perfil de adesão e barreiras percebidas por estudantes universitários para permanência no Programa de Extensão "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Métodos: Foram realizados dois cortes transversais com universitários da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. O primeiro foi composto por 16 indivíduos e investigou o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, antropométrico, da aptidão física e da qualidade de vida dos universitários que ingressaram no Programa de Extensão. O segundo visou identificar as barreiras para permanência de 13 estudantes (dentre os 16 iniciais) que haviam se afastado do Programa após quatro meses do início. Resultados: Houve predominância de indivíduos do sexo feminino, dos cursos de graduação em Educação Física e Pedagogia e da classe socioeconômica C. A maioria dos participantes estava com indicadores adequados de gordura corporal. Observou-se grande proporção de indivíduos com indicadores baixos de flexibilidade e força muscular. Para a qualidade de vida, a menor mediana foi observada para o domínio meio ambiente e a maior para o domínio relações sociais. As principais barreiras percebidas para a prática de yoga pelos universitários foram "jornada de estudos extensa" e "jornada de trabalho extensa". Observou-se correlação do perfil sociodemográfico, indicadores de obesidade, variáveis hemodinâmicas, flexibilidade, força muscular e qualidade de vida com barreiras percebidas para permanência no Programa de Extensão universitária "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Conclusões: Estes achados sugerem que o perfil do público universitário pode ser determinante para a permanência ou evasão de programas de promoção de exercícios físicos e precisa ser considerado em propostas de programas de extensão universitária.

Objective: Investigate the relationship between the member adherence profile and barriers perceived by university students to remain in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" Extension Program. Methods: Two cross-sections were carried out with university students from the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia. The first was composed of 16 individuals and investigated the demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and quality of life profile of university students joining the Extension Program. The second aimed at identifying the barriers to remain in the program faced by 13 students (out of the initial 16) who had withdrawn from the Program four months after the beginning. Results: There was a predominance of female individuals, from undergraduate courses in Physical Education and Pedagogy, and from the C socioeconomic class. Most participants had adequate body fat indexes. There was a large proportion of individuals with low flexibility and muscle strength. For quality of life, the lowest median was observed for the environment domain, while the highest could be noted for the social relationship domain. The main barriers perceived for the practice of yoga by university students were "long study hours" and "long work hours". There was a correlation between sociodemographic profile, obesity indicators, hemodynamic variables, flexibility, muscle strength, and QOL with the perceived barriers to stay in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" university extension program. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the profile of the university audience can be a determinant for the permanence or dropout of programs that promote physical exercise and therefore, it should be taken into consideration in proposals for university extension programs.

Interdisciplinaridade em estágio de vivência acadêmica: reconhecimento da atuação profissional no Sistema de Saúde / Interdisciplinarity in an academic experience internship: recognition of professional performance in the Health System / Interdisciplinaridad en prácticas de experiencia académica: reconocimiento de la actuación profesional en el Sistema de Salud

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de um estágio acadêmico vivenciado por universitários da área da saúde em um município do Baixo Solimões. Síntese dos dados:Trata-se do relato descritivo de um estágio acadêmico extramuro realizado em Manacapuru, Amazonas, ocorrido no período de outubro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. A realização da atividade teve a participação de acadêmicos de Medicina, Enfermagem e Odontologia e contou com a aplicação de práticas em saúde direcionadas à atuação individual e coletiva. Tendo como público-alvo os pacientes atendidos por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), os universitários auxiliaram na realização de atendimentos eletivos em suas respectivas áreas de atuação e conduziram atividades de educação em saúde como rodas de conversa, gincanas educativas, palestras interativas e educação continuada à equipe da UBS. Conclusão: As práticas e ações em saúde realizadas no período do estágio extramuro proporcionaram uma integração interdisciplinar satisfatória entre os acadêmicos, possibilitando aos mesmos uma vivência apropriada na atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Objective: To describe the experience of an academic internship completed by university students in the health field in a municipality in Baixo Solimões. Data synthesis: This is a descriptive report of an extramural academic internship carried out in Manacapuru, Amazonas, from October 2019 to February 2020. The activity was carried out with the participation of medical, nursing and dentistry students and included the application of health practices aimed at individual and collective action. Having as a target audience the patients assisted by a Primary Health Care (PHC) center, the university students helped in carrying out elective care in their respective fields and conducted health education activities such as conversation circles, educational scavenger hunts, interactive lectures and continuing education for the PHC center team. Conclusion: The health practices and actions carried out during the extramural internship enabled a satisfactory interdisciplinary integration among the students and allowed them to have an appropriate experience in primary care in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS).

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de una pasantía académica vivida por universitarios del área de la salud en un municipio del Baixo Solimões. Síntesis de los datos: Se refiere al informe descriptivo de una pasantía académica extramuros realizado en Manacapuru, Amazonas, ocurrido entre octubre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. La realización de la actividad tuvo la participación de académicos de medicina, enfermería y odontología y contó con la aplicación de prácticas en salud direccionadas a la actuación individual y colectiva. Teniendo como público meta los pacientes atendidos por una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS), los universitarios ayudaron en la realización de atendimientos electivos en sus respectivas áreas de actuación y condujeron actividades de educación y en salud como charlas, juegos educativos, conferencias interactivas y educación continuada para el equipo de la UBS. Conclusión: Las prácticas y acciones en salud realizadas en el período de la pasantía extramuros proporcionaron una integración interdisciplinar satisfactoria entre los académicos, posibilitando a los mismos una experiencia apropiada en la atención básica del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).

O cuidado em cenas: nas trilhas de Dona Violeta / Care in scenes: on the trail of Dona Violeta / El cuidado en escenas: en los caminos de Doña Violeta

Discutem-se as possibilidades reflexivas e práticas para compreensão do cuidado nas práticas de saúde com base na exploração de narrativas, inspiradas em vivências práticas, e em um filme, orientadas pela tríplice concepção de mimeses, que medeia tempo e narrativa (Paul Ricoeur). Essas histórias permitiram problematizar os limites de intervenções exclusivamente voltadas ao alcance de finalidades técnicas, evidenciando múltiplas possibilidades de conceber-se a noção de sucesso prático. Ao se abrirem para elementos significativos na vida dos personagens, as narrativas, como refiguração das experiências, possibilitaram cogitar sobre lacunas e projetar outros porvires, inclusive para o cuidado.(AU)

This article discusses reflective and practical possibilities for understanding care in health practices, drawing on the analysis of narratives inspired by practical experiences and a film guided by Ricoeur's theory of triple mimesis, which mediates time and narrative. The stories allowed us to problematize the limits of interventions exclusively geared towards achieving technical ends, evidencing multiple possibilities of conceiving the notion of practical success. By opening up significant elements of the protagonists' lives, the narratives, as a reconfiguration of experiences, allowed us to cogitate on gaps and project other futures, including those for care.(AU)

Se discuten las posibilidades reflexivas y prácticas para comprensión del cuidado en las prácticas de salud, a partir de la exploración de narrativas, inspiradas en vivencias prácticas y en una película orientadas por la triple concepción de mimesis, presente en tiempo y narrativa (Paul Ricoeur). Esas historias permitieron problematizar los límites de intervenciones exclusivamente enfocadas en el alcance de finalidades técnicas, poniendo en evidencia múltiples posibilidades de concebir la noción de éxito práctico. Al abrirse para elementos significativos en la vida de los personajes, las narrativas, como reconfiguración de las experiencias, posibilitaron pensar sobre lagunas y proyectar otros porvenires, incluso para el cuidado.(AU)

Sobre cuidados em saúde em um hospital geral / Sobre cuidados de salud en un hospital general / About health care in a general hospital

Este artigo analisa práticas de cuidado em saúde vivenciadas em um hospital geral do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com a intenção de problematizar e refletir sobre o cuidado e as práticas em saúde que se fazem presentes entre pessoas, no cotidiano do serviço, nas relações e nos fluxos que são estabelecidos. Utilizamos a Etnografia para descrever uma cena que reflete as relações entre os saberes, os cuidados e descuidados que se fazem em um hospital. Propomos pensar o cuidado como múltiplo e observamos o hospital por meio de sua constituição como uma "máquina de curar". Refletimos o encontro entre profissional e usuário, entre o cuidador e quem recebe o cuidado, para propor que em todo e qualquer encontro de saúde certo cuidado é realizado. (AU)

Este artículo analiza prácticas de cuidado de salud vividas en un hospital general del Sistema Único de Salud, con la intención de problematizar y reflexionar sobre el cuidado y las prácticas de salud presentes entre las personas, en el cotidiano del servicio, en las relaciones y en los flujos establecidos. Utilizamos la etnografía para describir una escena que refleja las relaciones entre los saberes, los cuidados y descuidados realizados en un hospital. Proponemos pensar el cuidado como múltiple y observamos el hospital a partir de su constitución como "máquina de curar". Reflejamos el encuentro entre profesional y usuario, entre el cuidador y quien recibe el cuidado, para proponer que en todos los encuentros de salud hay cierto cuidado que se realiza. (AU)

This article analyzes health care practices experienced in a general hospital of the Brazilian National Health System, with the intention of problematizing and reflecting on the care and health practices that are present among people, in the daily service, in the relationships and flows that are established. We use ethnography to describe a scene that reflects the relationship between knowledge, care and un-care practices that are performed in a hospital. We propose to think of care as multiple and we observe the hospital from its constitution as a "healing machine". We reflect the encounter between professional and user, between the caregiver and the one who receives the care, to propose that in any and all health meetings, certain care is performed. (AU)

Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Trainee Community Health Officers in A Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

To evaluate the oral health-related knowledge and practices of trainee Community Health Officers. A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted using total population purposive sampling method with a self-administered questionnaire on 70 community health officer's trainees at the centre for training community health officers. Sixty-two trainees (response rate of 88.6%) participated made up of year one (45.2%) and year two 54.8%. %). Mean age of 33.5 years (SD=8.65). By gender, females 90.3% were more than males 9.7% while privately sponsored (53.2%) were more than government-sponsored 38.7% A majority had knowledge of Caries (98.4%), Periodontal disease (93.5%) and Oral cancer (96.8%). Year two trainees had more knowledge about periodontal diseases 54.8% compared to year one 38.5% (p<0.05). Most respondents (91.1%) reported dental visit to be important with 87.1% of the opinion that the visit should not be for pain only; 38.7% felt that dental treatment was expensive. More privately sponsored (51.5%) compared to government-sponsored (20.8%) felt that dental treatment was expensive (p<0.05). only 11.3% had visited the dentist in the past six months with dental experience gum bleeding (8.1%), dental caries (8.1%), and tooth sensitivity (21%). A majority (85.5%) rated their oral health to be good. The study showed that community health officer trainees have a good knowledge of oral diseases with the year two trainees demonstrating a better knowledge of caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer and self-rated oral health. Their role in oral health promotion programs at the Primary Health Care level should be encouraged to reduce the burden of oral health diseases in the community.

Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Trainee Community Health Officers in A Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

To evaluate the oral health-related knowledge and practices of trainee Community Health Officers. A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted using total population purposive sampling method with a self-administered questionnaire on 70 community health officer's trainees at the centre for training community health officers. Sixty-two trainees (response rate of 88.6%) participated made up of year one (45.2%) and year two 54.8%. %). Mean age of 33.5 years (SD=8.65). By gender, females 90.3% were more than males 9.7% while privately sponsored (53.2%) were more than government-sponsored 38.7% A majority had knowledge of Caries (98.4%), Periodontal disease (93.5%) and Oral cancer (96.8%). Year two trainees had more knowledge about periodontal diseases 54.8% compared to year one 38.5% (p<0.05). Most respondents (91.1%) reported dental visit to be important with 87.1% of the opinion that the visit should not be for pain only; 38.7% felt that dental treatment was expensive. More privately sponsored (51.5%) compared to government-sponsored (20.8%) felt that dental treatment was expensive (p<0.05). only 11.3% had visited the dentist in the past six months with dental experience gum bleeding (8.1%), dental caries (8.1%), and tooth sensitivity (21%). A majority (85.5%) rated their oral health to be good. The study showed that community health officer trainees have a good knowledge of oral diseases with the year two trainees demonstrating a better knowledge of caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer and self-rated oral health. Their role in oral health promotion programs at the Primary Health Care level should be encouraged to reduce the burden of oral health diseases in the community.

Humanizando sentidos entre a psicologia e a enfermagem: relato de intervenção em uma U.T.I / Humanizing signs between psychology and nursing: intervention report in a neonatal intensive care center

O relato de experiência teve como objetivo desenvolver práticas de humanização que promovam a saúde na equipe de Enfermagem de uma UTI Neonatal em um hospital catarinense. Participaram da atividade, sete profissionais; destes, três eram enfermeiros(as) e quatro eram técnicas de Enfermagem. Realizaram-se encontros semanais com duração de uma hora, cujo método estruturou-se em três módulos denominados: Módulo 1: Autocuidado; Módulo 2: Trabalho em Equipe e Módulo 3: Processos reflexivos. Para o alcance dos objetivos estabeleceram-se técnicas de dinâmicas de grupo e rodas de conversa. Os resultados possibilitaram novas reflexões sobre o autoconhecimento, troca de saberes entre os profissionais, bem como estratégias de resolução de conflitos. Sugere-se a continuidade de intervenções que preconizem a humanização, não somente nesse contexto, mas em diversos serviços de assistência à saúde.

The experience report aimed to develop humanization practices that promote health in the Nursing team of a Neonatal ICU in a hospital in Santa Catarina. Seven professionals participated in the activity; of these, three were nurses and four were Nursing techniques. Weekly meetings were held for one hour, and the method was structured in three modules: Module 1: Self-care; Module 2: Teamwork and Module 3: Reflective processes. Techniques of group dynamics and conversation wheels were established to reach the objectives. The results allowed for new reflections on selfknowledge, exchange of knowledge among professionals, as well as conflict resolution strategies. We suggest the continuation of interventions that advocate humanization, not only in this context, but also in several health care services.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes del nivel medio de centros educativos del distrito de R. I. 3 Corrales, 2018

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la adolescencia se despierta el interés sexual debido a los diversos cambios. Es el momento oportuno para fomentar conductas adecuadas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, para así posteriormente disfrutar de una vida sexual segura y responsable. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes del nivel medio de centros educativos del Distrito de R. I. 3 Corrales, durante el año 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron incluidos la totalidad de los estudiantes del primer al tercer curso de cuatro colegios del Distrito de R.I. 3 Corrales del Departamento de Caaguazú, durante el mes de setiembre del 2018. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el "Cuestionario de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas sobre Salud Sexual y VIH/Sida en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes de las comunidades de Dajabón (República Dominicana) y Wanament (Haití)". Resultados: La población estuvo conformada por 200 estudiantes. La mediana de edad fue de 16 años. El 52% fue del sexo femenino. El 54,77% de la población de estudio refiere haber tenido relaciones sexuales. El 71,94% tiene cono-cimiento sobre el preservativo y el 47% de ellos lo utilizaron en el primer contacto sexual. El conocimiento fue bajo en un 48%, la actitud desfavorable en un 56% y las prácticas incorrectas en un 54% de los casos. Conclusión: El conocimiento global fue bajo, las actitudes desfavorables y las practicas incorrectas en la mayoría de los casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During adolescence sexual interest is aroused due to the various changes. It is the right time to promote appropriate behaviors about sexual and reproductive health, and then enjoy a safe and responsible sex life. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices on sexual and reproductive health in High School Students of educational centers of the District of R. I. 3 Corrales, during the year 2018. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. All students from the first to the third year of four schools of the District of R.I. 3 Corrales of the Department of Caaguazú, during the month of September 2018. The "Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Sexual Health and HIV / AIDS in Children, Girls and Adolescents of the communities of Dajabón (Dominican Republic) and Wanament (Haiti)" was used to collect the data. Results: The population made up of 200 students. The median age of those who entered the study was 16 years, 52% was female, 54.77% reported having sexual intercourse, 71.94% know the condom and 47% of them used it in the first sexual contact. Knowledge was low in 48%, unfavorable attitude in 56% and incorrect practices in 54% of cases. Conclusion: Global knowledge was low, there were unfavorable attitudes and incorrect practices in most cases.

Ibaloy traditional pregnancy and child care practices in Bokod, Benguet

@#The Cordillera is home to indigenous pregnancy and childcare practices. This study describes the Ibaloy traditional health practices of which little are known. It seeks to contribute to the literature about indigenous pregnancy and childcare practices. This two-year ethnographic study was conducted in Mangagew, Poblacion, Bokod, Benguet. Data was gathered through field observations and interviews with mothers, elders, and traditional birth attendants. The findings showed that Ibaloys are strongly connected to their traditional beliefs and possess strong family and community support for pregnant women and their children. Most of the traditional beliefs and practices of caring are still observed, alongside modern healthcare principles and practices. There are myriad of factors that influence Ibaloy health care decisions apart from their traditional beliefs and practices. Achieving health for these vulnerable groups requires multi-sectoral linkages and active community participation. The result of this research serves as a basis for culturally appropriate evidence-based care for both the Ibaloys and similar groups, and as reference for the Ibaloys’ slowly fading traditional beliefs and practices

What lifestyles are risk factors for low well-being of healthy elderlies dwelled in a local city in super-aging Japan? ―Kizugawa cohort study― / Journal of Rural Medicine

The purpose of this cohort study is to clarify the risk factors of low well-being of elderly people who residing in a local city of a super-aging country, Japan.Subjects are people, who have selected randomly from healthy elderly people resided in Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture, in 2010, followed until 2015. Question survey was conducted in both year, and questionnaire consisted of items such as basic attributes, lifestyles (health practices, consultation behaviors, social activities and so on) and well-being (WHO-5). In analysis we made multi-logistic regression analysis using lifestyle variables as an independent variable and well-being as a dependent variable.The results were as follows.1. Risk factors were not to exercise, knowledge of appropriate diet, subjective feeling of stress for at least a month, not to participate in voluntary activities, age and bad subjective feeling of health.2. Risk factors in regard to changes of lifestyles using good-good lifestyles as a reference were sustainment of having no time for hobby or relaxation, sustainment or deterioration of subject feeling of stress for at least a month, sustainment or deterioration of having no time for relaxation and deterioration of having no activities with pleasure or aim. A factor promoting well-being is to have more frequencies for going out home.This study shows that in a longevity society it is important for community-dwelling elderly Japanese to have good health practices, appropriate consultation behaviors and good social activities for the purpose of keeping good well-being, and that these results are contributed to health promotion policy for community-dwelling elderly people.

Educação permanente em saúde: reprodução ou contra- hegemonia? / Permanent education in health: reproduction or counter-hegemony? / Educación permanente en salud: ¿reprodución o contrahegemonía?

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi refletir sobre as bases conceituais da educação permanente em saúde à luz dos conceitos de reprodução, de Bourdieu, e contra-hegemonia, de Gramsci. Analisa criticamente suas interfaces com a política, a gestão e a organização dos serviços de saúde, bem como os processos contra-hegemônicos na criação de espaços para promoção de transformações nas práticas de saúde. Busca também levantar um conjunto de hipóteses que possibilitem estudos sobre educação permanente em saúde, seus desafios e potencialidades no âmbito da implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract This article aimed to reflect on the conceptual basis of permanent education in health, in the light of the concepts of reproduction, de Bourdieu, and counter-hegemony, of Gramsci. It critically analyzes the interfaces of permanent education in health with the policy, management and organization of health services, as well as the counter-hegemonic processes, in the creation of spaces to promote transformations in health practices. It also seeks to raise a set of hypotheses that enable studies on permanent education in health, its challenges and potentialities within the scope of Brazilian Unified Health System implementation.

Resumen Ese artículo tiene como objetivo reflejar sobre las bases conceptuales de la educación permanente en salud, a la luz de los conceptos de reproducción de Bourdieu, y contrahegemonía, de Gramsci. Analiza críticamente las interfaces de la educación permanente en salud con la política, gestión y organización de los servicios de salud, así como los procesos contrahegemónicos, e la creación de espacios para promoción de transformaciones en las prácticas de salud. También busca plantear un conjunto de hipótesis que posibiliten estudios sobre educación permanente en salud, sus desafíos y potencialidades en el ámbito de la implantación del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño.

A gripe espanhola pela lente da história local: arquivos, memória e mitos de origem em Botucatu, SP, Brasil, 1918* / The spanish flu through the lens of local history: archives, memory and origin myths in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 1918 / La gripe española bajo la perspectiva de la historia local: archivos, memoria y mitos de origen en Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1918

Considerando que a lógica da investigação histórica assenta-se no desenvolvimento da pesquisa empírica, este trabalho discorre sobre desafios na construção de história local sobre a epidemia de gripe espanhola em Botucatu (São Paulo), diante de acervos dispersos, fragmentados, sem tratamento arquivístico e com materialidade comprometida. Discute os lugares produtores da memória e como a seleção e a articulação do passado refletem o que se pretende preservar em torno de discursos e representações locais pelos aparelhos de poder. Flagra, nesse jogo dialético entre o passado que não cessou, mas que se presentifica no poder dos arquivos e da memória coletiva, as forças sociais que atuaram na assistência institucionalizada em Botucatu, desconstruindo mitos de origem, contextualizando singularidades, historicizando iniquidades e capturando representações e expectativas sobre a ordem da cidade e a saúde do corpo, nesse espaço-tempo.(AU)

Considering that the logic of historical investigation is grounded on the development of empirical research, this study approaches challenges in the construction of local history about the spanish flu pandemic in the city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, in view of scattered and fragmented collections without archival care and with damaged materiality. The study discusses memory-producing places and shows how the selection and articulation of the past reflect what one intends to preserve around local discourses and representations by power apparatuses. It captures, in a dialectic game involving the past that has not ceased to exist and is brought to the present in the power of archives and collective memory, the social forces that acted in institutionalized care at Botucatu. Thus, it deconstructs origin myths, contextualizes singularities, historicizes inequities, and captures representations and expectations about the city's order and the body's health, in this space-time.(AU)

Considerando que la lógica de la investigación histórica se asienta en el desarrollo de la investigación empírica, este trabajo trata sobre desafíos en la construcción de la historia local sobre la epidemia de gripe española en Botucatu - São Paulo-, ante acervos dispersos, fragmentados, sin tratamiento archivístico y con materialidad comprometida. Discute los lugares productores de la memoria y cómo la selección y la articulación del pasado reflejan lo que se pretende preservar alrededor de discursos y representaciones locales por los aparatos de poder. Pone en evidencia, en este juego dialéctico en el paso que no cesó, pero que se hace presente en el poder de los archivos y de la memoria colectiva, las fuerzas sociales que actuaron en la asistencia institucionalizada en Botucatu - Estado de São Paulo, deconstruyendo mitos de origen, contextualizando singularidades, registrando históricamente iniquidades y capturando representaciones y expectativas sobre el orden de la ciudad y la salud del cuerpo, en ese espacio-tiempo.(AU)

Por uma pedagogia do cuidado: reflexões e apontamentos com base na Educação Popular em Saúde / Por una pedagogía del cuidado: reflexiones y anotaciones a partir de la Educación Popular en Salud / Towards pedagogy of care: reflections and notes through Popular Education in Health

Trata-se de um ensaio que analisa como a filosofia de Paulo Freire, apropriada pelos autores da Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS), possibilita uma ressignificação do cuidado. Em diálogo com a literatura sobre o tema, partimos de uma reflexão sobre noções que fundamentam a ontologia freiriana, como a valorização dos saberes e culturas populares, o diálogo, o respeito e a amorosidade, para, em seguida, buscar nas produções sobre EPS a compreensão de cuidado, seus pressupostos e caminhos para enfrentar a hegemonia da biomedicina, concepção que situa o cuidado como um conjunto de procedimentos técnicos centrado na doença. A análise aponta o cuidado como um ato político que, por diferentes vias, deve estar comprometido com a construção do mundo, o que implica a construção de uma vida autêntica capaz de superar a opressão.(AU)

Se trata de un ensayo que analiza cómo la filosofía de Paulo Freire, apropiada por los autores de la Educación Popular en Salud (EPS), posibilita una resignificación del cuidado. En diálogo con la literatura sobre el tema, partimos de una reflexión sobre nociones que fundamentan la ontología freiriana, como la valoración de los saberes y culturas populares, el diálogo, el respeto y el amor para, enseguida, buscar en las producciones sobre EPS la comprensión de cuidado, sus presuposiciones y caminos para enfrentar la hegemonía de la biomedicina, concepción que sitúa el cuidado como un conjunto de procedimientos técnicos centrado en la enfermedad. El análisis señala el cuidado como un acto político que, por diferentes vías, debe estar comprometido con la construcción del mundo, lo que implica en la construcción de una vida auténtica capaz de superar la opresión. Para la pedagogía freiriana adjetivamos la palabra-acción cuidado.(AU)

The essay analyses how Paulo Freire's philosophy and its appropriation by authors from Popular Education in Health (PEH) re-signify care while dialoguing with the literature regarding this thematic. Firstly, we reflected on the notions underlying the Freirean ontology: valorization of popular knowledge and cultures, dialogue, respect, and lovingness. Next, we presented the comprehensions and assumptions of care in the literature from PEH, also highlighting the proposed ways to confront the hegemony of biomedicine, a conception that reduces care to a set of technical procedures centered in the disease. The analysis showed that care is assumed as a political act that through different ways must have a commitment with the world construction that implies building an authentic life that allows overcoming the oppressions. Finally, we added to the Freirean approach as word-action of care.(AU)

Herramientas evaluadoras de calidad de la investigación de las medicinas no convencionales / Quality assessing tools for unconventional medicine research

Introducción: El uso de las medicinas no convencionales (MNC) crece en la población; sin embargo, los médicos tienen un bajo nivel de conocimiento acerca de ellas, a pesar de su interés, debido a las preguntas que reciben de sus pacientes con respecto a sus riesgos y beneficios. No obstante, se desconoce cuántos y cuáles son los instrumentos que evalúan la calidad de la investigación de estas medicinas. Objetivo: Identificar las herramientas que se utilizan para evaluar la calidad de la investigación en medicinas no convencionales a fin de conocer sus avances y origen de sus limitaciones. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de información en bases de datos científicas; acopiándose un total de 200 de estos, solo 75 fueron considerados adecuados; aunque, solo 12 respondieron a la pregunta de investigación. El análisis acogió algunas de las recomendaciones PRISMA. Resultados: Se encontraron 12 instrumentos que guían y evalúan la calidad de la investigación en medicinas no convencionales, 9 de ellas son extensiones CONSORT. China, Corea del Sur y la India son los países que promueven la estandarización de su medicina tradicional, la cual representa gran parte de las medicinas alternativas y complementarias de otras partes del mundo. Conclusiones: Se requiere seguir procedimientos específicos para la evaluación de la calidad de la investigación en medicinas no convencionales con el fin de encontrar los criterios más apropiados para la evaluación de su eficacia y seguridad(AU)

Introduction: The use of unconventional medicine grows in the population; but doctors have low level of knowledge of them, despite their interest, due to the questions from their patients regarding their risks and benefits. Yet, it is unknown what the instruments are and how many are they to assess the quality of research on these medications. Objective: To identify and to describe the tools used to assess the quality of research in unconventional medicine in order to know progress and origin of limitations. Method: An information search was carried out in scientific databases; collecting a total of 200, only 75 were considered adequate; although, only 12 answered the research question. The analysis comprised some of PRISMA recommendations. Results: Twelve instruments were found that guide and evaluate the quality of research in non-conventional medicine, nine of them are CONSORT extensions. China, South Korea and India are the countries that promote standardization of their traditional medicine, which represents a large part of alternative and complementary medicine from other parts of the world. Conclusions: It is required to follow specific procedures for assessing the quality of research in non-conventional medicine in order to find the most appropriate criteria for evaluating their efficacy and safety(AU)

Knowledge regarding diarrhoea prevention and its management and its determinants among mothers of under 5 age children in urban area of Sangareddy, Telangana

Background: Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age, and is responsible for killing around 5,25,000 children every year. A major determinant of child health is the health and knowledge of the mother. So the knowledge, attitude and health practices of the mothers directly reflect on the health and vitality of the child.Methods: A community based cross sectional type of study was conducted among mothers who had children of 0-5 years of age using pre designed, pretested structured questionnaire. Study area was 5 urban slum pockets in Tertiary care hospital of Sangareddy, Telangana. 255 mothers were selected for the study using random sampling technique.Results: Out of the total 255 study populations most of the mothers were literate, living in nuclear families belonging to Hindu religion. About half of the mothers had knowledge regarding diarrhoea and 71.4% of the mothers have given hospital treatment for it. When asked about 78.4% of mothers told that they follow preventive health practices. Majority of mothers had a good knowledge regarding steps to be taken by health care facility during diarrheal attack.Conclusions: On the basis of the present study, there was a significant association of knowledge regarding diarrhoea with maternal literacy and socio economic status. This study brought out the health seeking behaviour of mothers of under five children.

Itinerários Terapêuticos e Formas de Cuidado em um Quilombo do Agreste Alagoano / Therapeutic Itineraries and Forms of Care in a Quilombo of the Agreste of Alagoas / Itinerarios Terapéuticos y Formas de Cuidado en un Quilombo del Agreste Alagoano

A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se por um estudo de caso que objetiva analisar os itinerários terapêuticos de saúde de moradores de um quilombo do agreste de Alagoas,identificando as formas de cuidado cotidianas presentes no território. A pesquisa tem como perspectiva a noção de saúde e direitos humanos, no entendimento da saúde enquanto um direito fundamental garantido a todo ser humano. Participaram do estudo cinco moradores da comunidade que apresentam histórico de agravo e/ou doença: uma jovem mulher, acima de 18 anos; uma adulta, dois idosos e uma idosa. A pesquisa teve como instrumentos diário de campo e entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram realizadas nas residências dos participantes, após transcritas foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo e apresentadas três trajetórias de cuidado presentes no território, definidas como: Automedicação e religiosidade como alternativas à saúde; Chás, ervas e conhecimentos populares como prática de cuidado; Entre a atenção básica, práticas privatistas e benzimentos. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que os primeiros recursos acionados pelos moradores são a automedicação, o uso de chá e ervas, a práticas religiosas, a conversas com vizinhos, e as rezas e benzimentos. O segundo passo à resolubilidade do agravo é a busca por medicamentos na UBS e o terceiro passo o atendimento hospitalar e serviços particulares. Apesar de haver no território abrangência do serviço de saúde o mesmo não responde as necessidades da comunidade, sendo que a mesma busca a resolubilidade de seus agravos em práticas populares, automedicação e serviços privados de saúde....(AU)

The research is characterized by a case study that analyzes the therapeutic health itineraries of residents of a quilombo of the agreste of Alagoas, identifying the daily forms of care present in the territory. The research has as its perspective the concept of health and human rights, in the understanding of health as a fundamental right guaranteed to every human being. Five community residents with a history of illness and/or illness participated in the study: 1 young woman, over 18 years old; 1 adult, 2 elderly and 1 elderly. The research had as instruments a field diary and a semi-structured interview. The interviews were carried out in the participants' homes. After being transcribed, they were submitted to content analysis and presented three care trajectories present in the territory: Self-medication and religiosity as alternatives to health; Teas, herbs and popular knowledge as a practice of care; Between the basic attention, privatization practices and blessings. The results of the research demonstrate that the earliest resource mobilized by residents is self-medication, tea and herbal use, religious practices, neighborly conversations, and prayers and blessings. The second step to the resolution of the problem is the search for medicines in the UBS and the third step is hospital care and private services. Although there is access to health service, it does not respond to the needs of the community, as it seeks responses to diseases in popular practices, self-medication and private health services....(AU)

La presente investigación se caracteriza por un estudio de caso que objetiva analizar los itinerarios terapéuticos de salud de moradores de un quilombo del agreste de Alagoas, identificando las formas de cuidado cotidianas presentes en el territorio. La investigación tiene como perspectiva la noción de salud y derechos humanos, en el entendimiento de la salud como un derecho fundamental garantizado a todo ser humano. En el estudio participaron 5 residentes de la comunidad que presentan antecedentes de agravio y/o enfermedad: 1 joven mujer, por encima de 18 años; 1 adulta, 2 ancianos e 1 anciana La investigación tuvo como instrumentos, diario de campo y entrevista semiestructurada. Las entrevistas fueron realizadas en las residencias de los participantes, después de transcritas fueron sometidas al análisis de contenido y presentadas tres trayectorias de cuidado presentes en el territorio, definidas como: Automedicación y religiosidad como alternativas a la salud; Té, hierbas y conocimientos populares como práctica de cuidado; Entre a la atención básica, las prácticas privatizadoras y las rezas. El segundo paso a la resolubilidad del agravio es la búsqueda por medicamentos en la UBS y el tercer paso la atención hospitalaria y servicios particulares. A pesar de haber en el territorio abarcamiento del servicio de salud el mismo no responde a las necesidades de la comunidad, siendo que la misma busca la resurrección de sus agravios en prácticas populares, automedicación y servicios privados de salud....(AU)