ABSTRACT
A saúde é um direito de todos. As investigações têm considerado, entre outros aspectos, a qualificação de profissionais da saúde voltada ao atendimento de minorias sociais, incluindo as identidades LGBTQI+ (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, queer, intersexuais, +), na tratativa da integralidade do ser humano. Dessa forma, o estudo busca, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, identificar as lacunas e potencialidades existentes no processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde no atendimento de LGBTQI+'s. Com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, após a análise verificou-se que profissionais da área da Saúde não estão preparados para atender a essas identidades, tornando-se essencial, para a promoção da saúde e do bem-estar no cerne do atendimento de LGBTQI+, a comunicação por meio de materiais informativos, políticas públicas, reestruturação curricular nos cursos de Saúde, e, ainda, uma desconstrução cultural operando em prol da equidade social. (AU)
La salud es un derecho de todos. Las investigaciones han considerado, entre otros aspectos, la calificación de profesionales de la salud, enfocado a la atención de minorías sociales, incluyendo las identidades LGBTQI+ (lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transexuales, queer, intersexuales, +), en la tratativa de la integralidad del ser humano. De esa forma, el estudio busca, por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, identificar las lagunas y potencialidades existentes en el proceso de formación de los profesionales de salud en la atención de LGBTQI+'s. Con un abordaje cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, después del análisis se verificó que los profesionales del área de la salud no están preparados para atender a esas identidades, siendo esencial para la promoción de la salud y del bien estar en el núcleo de la atención de LGBTQI+ la comunicación por medio de materiales informativos, políticas públicas, reestructuración curricular en los cursos de salud y también una desconstrucción cultural operando en pro de la equidad social. (AU)
Health is everyone's right. Most research have considered, among other aspects, the health professionals' improvement of capacities, aimed at serving minorities, including LGBTQI+ (lesbian, gays, bisexual, transsexual, queer, intersex, +) identities, in comprehensively dealing with the human being as a whole. Thus, this study aimed identifying the gaps and potentialities in the process of training health professionals that care for LGBTQI+'s, through a systematic literature review. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach, and the analysis showed that health professionals are not prepared to deal with these identities, being essential for the promotion of health and well-being at the heart of LGBTQI+'s care, to improve communication through informative materials, public policies, curricular restructuring in health courses, and additionally a cultural deconstruction operating in favor of social equity. (AU)
Subject(s)
Health Personnel/education , Health Human Resource Training , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da produção bibliográfica sobre obstáculos e facilitadores para o cuidado de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica na atenção primária à saúde (APS) no Brasil. O levantamento bibliográfico encontrou 1.048 referências. Analisamos 39 artigos, conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A produção centrou-se em representações e crenças dos profissionais. Os principais obstáculos foram a constituição da violência doméstica contra a mulher (VDM) como questão do escopo da saúde, traduzida em dificuldades na identificação do problema e manejo no encontro assistencial, ausência de treinamento, trabalho em equipe, rede intersetorial, medo e falta de tempo. Os facilitadores focaram-se na introdução da perspectiva de gênero e direitos humanos, vínculo, acolhimento e trabalho em equipe e multisetorial. Apesar da potencialidade da APS para trabalhar com VDM, houve raros estudos que consideraram a perspectiva da gestão e financiamento, fundamental para a superação dos problemas apontados.(AU)
Revisión sistemática de la producción bibliográfica sobre obstáculos y facilitadores para el cuidado de mujeres en situación de violencia doméstica (VDM) en la atención primaria de la salud (APS) en Brasil. La revisión bibliográfica encontró 1.048 referencias. Analizamos 39 artículos, conforme criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La producción se concentró en representaciones y creencias de los profesionales. Los principales artículos fueron la constitución de la VDM como cuestión del alcance de la salud, traducida en dificultades en la identificación del problema y el manejo en el encuentro asistencial, ausencia de capacitación, trabajo en equipo, red intersectorial, miedo y falta de tiempo. Los facilitadores se enfocaron en la introducción de la perspectiva de género y derechos humanos, vínculo y acogida, trabajo en equipo y multisectorial. A pesar de la potencialidad de la APS para trabajar con VDM, fueron raros los estudios que consideraron la perspectiva de la gestión y financiación, fundamental para la superación de los problemas señalados.(AU)
Systematic review of the literature addressing obstacles and facilitators for the care of women, in situations of domestic violence (DV) in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil. The bibliographic review found 1,048 references. The analysis encompassed 39 articles complying with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The material was centered on representations and beliefs of practitioners. The main obstacles were related to: conceptualizing DV as a health issue, resulting into difficulties to identify the problem and managing care encounters; lack of training and teamwork; scarce intersectoral network, fear and lack of time. The facilitators were mainly: introducing a gender and human rights perspective, bonding and embracement, teamwork and multisectoral work. Despite the potential of PHC to address the issue, few studies considered perspectives of management and financing, considered as key to overcome the problems pointed out.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Health Care , Women , Domestic Violence , Patient Care Team , Violence Against WomenABSTRACT
Introducción: la experiencia demuestra que es indispensable mantener actualizado de forma permanente el conocimiento en los avances de la medicina a los profesionales de la salud para optimizar la calidad de la atención médica. Objetivo: diseñar un curso de posgrado dirigido a proveedores de salud que aporte los conocimientos más actualizados sobre diabetes mellitus en el nivel primario de atención. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva y se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico y del nivel empírico. La población de profesionales de la salud estuvo constituida por la totalidad de 84 profesionales del Policlínico "Hermanos Cruz", cuya distribución es la siguiente: médicos (N1= 29), enfermeras (N2= 30), podólogos (N3= 8), psicólogas (N4= 2), nutricionista (N5= 1), especialista en Educación y Promoción para la Salud (N6= 1) y profesores de Cultura Física (N7= 13). Estos últimos no forman parte de la plantilla del policlínico, pero por convenio de trabajo Minsap-INDER, prestan servicios en el nivel primario de atención. Resultados: fue necesario diseñar un curso a prestadores de salud, basado en la educación sobre temas de diabetes mellitus (DM), que incluye contenidos de promoción y EpS. La identificación de necesidades de aprendizaje en proveedores seleccionados arrojó déficit de conocimiento en esas temáticas. Conclusiones: se elaboró y propuso un programa de superación profesional teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la investigación. Se ofrecieron herramientas teóricas prácticas para la educación al diabético tipo 2 adulto mayor(AU)
Introduction: experience proves that medical advances knowledge strongly needs to be permanently updated for health professionals in order to optimize health care quality. Objective: to design a postgraduate course for health care providers, in order for them to apply, in the primary health care level, the most updated knowledge on diabetes mellitus.Methods: descriptive research using methods of the theoretical and empirical levels, carried out at Hermanos Cruz University Outpatient Polyclinic of Pinar del Río. The health professional population consisted of the totality (84 professionals from the Polyclinic) and is distributed as it follows: physicians (N1=29), nurses (N2=30), chiropodists (N3=8), psychologists (N4=2), nutritionist (N5=1), health promotions and education specialist (N6=1), and physical education professors (N7=13). The latter ones do not belong to the Polyclinic's staff, but under a work agreement between the Health Ministry and the National Institute of Sports they pay services in the primary health care level. Results: health providers were necessarily designed a course based on diabetes mellitus education, including contents of health promotion and education, because the identification of the learning needs in the selected providers showed knowledge deficit regarding these topics. Conclusions: a professional self-improvement plan was elaborated and proposed considering the research outcomes, and theoretical-practical tools were offered for education of type 2 diabetic senior adults(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Health Personnel/education , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Education, Graduate/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la estrategia educativa dirigida a adultos mayores diabéticos tipo 2 y proveedores de salud. Métodos: Investigación cuasi experimental que evaluó un antes-después con grupo control. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por adultos mayores diabéticos dispensarizados en los policlínicos Hermanos Cruz (U= 1 369) y Pedro Borrás (U= 1 528), del primero se seleccionó el grupo experimental y en el segundo el grupo control, ambos del municipio y provincia Pinar del Río. Para determinar la muestra se utilizó un Muestreo por Conglomerados Bietápico con probabilidades proporcionales al tamaño de las Unidades de Primera Etapa quedando conformada para ambos grupos por 123 adultos mayores diabéticos tipo 2. Se trabajó con el universo de prestadores del GBT uno (U= 84) del policlínico Hermanos Cruz. La estrategia fue aplicada en el grupo experimental, y evaluada de forma inmediata, a los seis meses y al año. Resultados: Las comparaciones de los grupos en los momentos relacionados con la aplicación de la estrategia estuvieron dentro de lo esperado, generalmente se produjeron cambios significativos en los adultos mayores diabéticos tipo 2 en cuanto a los resultados globales y en cada una de las preguntas examinadas a favor del grupo experimental e igualmente en los proveedores de salud. Conclusiones: La mejoría detectada en los resultados de las variables de respuesta principal y secundarias, en el grupo experimental, dan una medida de la efectividad de la estrategia. Al mismo tiempo su estabilidad a los seis meses y al año considerado como horizonte temporal de evaluación, avalan su sostenibilidad(AU)
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational strategy aimed at type 2 diabetic older adults and at health providers. Method: A quasi experimental research study to evaluate the situation before and after the application of this strategy in a control group. The study population consisted of diabetic old patients recruited at Hermanos Cruz (U= 1 369) and Pedro Borrás Astorga (U= 1 528) polyclinics. The experimental group was chosen from the first group and the control group from the second one, both in Pinar del Río municipality in Pinar del Rio province. A two-staged cluster was used with proportional probabilities according to the size of the first stage units and the final sample was 123 type 2 diabetic older adults for both groups. All the basic working team health providers from Hermanos Cruz polyclinics were involved in the study. The strategy was applied in the experimental group and immediately evaluated after six months and after a year. Results: The comparisons of the groups made at the time of the implementation of the strategy were within the expectations; there were significant changes in type 2 diabetics in terms of overall outcomes and each of the analyzed questions, which favored the experimental group along with the health providers. Conclusions: The improvement observed in the results of the answer variables of the experimental group shows the strategy effectiveness. At the same time, the stability of results after six months and a year endorses the strategy sustainability(AU))
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Education as Topic , Health Personnel/education , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods , CubaABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os significados do cuidado para profissionais e usuários de um serviço de oncologia. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo. Para coleta de informações o instrumento de complemento de frases juntamente com um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. As informações foram submetidas à análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo proposta por Lefèvre e Lefèvre. Doze sujeitos participaram do estudo, sendo cinco usuários e sete profissionais. O estudo avaliou três eixos temáticos, Cuidado e autocuidado, Serviço e Sugestões. Como resultado, o cuidado foi associado à atenção a si próprio e ao outro, já o autocuidado foi associado à atitude de se ter atenção consigo mesmo, vinculada a prática de hábitos saudáveis e atividades prazerosas. O segundo eixo explorou a necessidade de cuidado à pessoa com câncer, emergindo a importância do atendimento humanizado, e das tecnologias relacionais; e também a necessidade do cuidado para o profissional de saúde. O último eixo apresenta sugestões dos participantes para a instituição, que incluem a criação de espaços de acolhimento e escuta para todos os protagonistas do sistema. Sugere-se a implantação dos princípios da Política Nacional de Humanização, tais como a clínica ampliada, o acolhimento e o controle social para a construção de um espaço que favoreça atender as demandas subjetivas dos atores sociais da saúde.
The objective of this study was to understand the meaning of care for health providers and patients from an oncology service. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in a Brazilian Hospital. Semi-structured interviews and a complementing phrases tool were used to gather information which that was analysed using Collective Subject Discourse proposed by Lefèvre and Lefèvre. Twelve participants were enrolled in the study (five patients andseven health providers). The study analysed three categories, care and self-care, service and Suggestions to enhance quality at services. The care was associated with attention to himself and to the other, self-care was associated with the attitude of paying attention to yourself thru healthy habits and pleasurable activities. The second area explored wasthe need to care for the person with cancer, emerging the importance of humanized care, and relational technologies; and also the need of caring for the health providers as well. The last axis shows suggestions of the participants to theinstitution, including the creation of spaces of welcome and listen to all protagonists. It is suggested to implementthe principles of the National Policy of Humanization, such as amplified clinic, openness and social protagonism to build an environment that fosters meet the subjective demands of all stakeholders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Patient Care , Self Care , Medical Oncology , PatientsABSTRACT
Medicare items were introduced in 2005 to encourage general practitioners (GPs) to involve other healthcare providers in the management of patients with chronic disease. However, there appears to be barriers to converting financial incentives and the use of information technology as a communication tool to better patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore these barriers from the perspectives of practice nurses and allied health practitioners. Three focus groups were held, comprising a convenience sample of 10 practice nurses and 17 allied health professionals from south-east Melbourne. Findings were reported under five themes: (1) attitudes and beliefs, (2) communication using care planning documents, (3) electronic communication, (4) care planning and collaboration between healthcare professionals and (5) ongoing challenges. While allied professionals use care planning tools, there is confusion about the extent to which these tools are for the GPs to provide structured care to assist with communication or funding mechanisms for allied health services. Further research is needed on the contributions of these groups to the care planning process and how communication and collaboration between healthcare professionals can be strengthened.