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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 1763-1776, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952653

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nos últimos anos, acirrou-se o debate internacional sobre diferentes concepções de universalidade em saúde, polarizado nas propostas de sistema universal versus cobertura universal em saúde. A concepção de cobertura universal tem sido difundida por organizações internacionais e incorporada às reformas dos sistemas de saúde de alguns países em desenvolvimento, inclusive na América Latina. O artigo explora os pressupostos e as estratégias relacionados à proposta de cobertura universal de saúde. Inicialmente contrastam-se as concepções de universalidade nos modelos de cobertura universal e de sistemas universais de saúde. A seguir, contextualiza-se o debate internacional, incluindo exemplos de diferentes sistemas de saúde. Por fim, discutem-se as implicações da concepção de cobertura universal para o direito à saúde no Brasil. A análise das diferentes concepções de universalidade e das experiências de países evidenciam que arranjos de seguros (privados ou sociais) não superam as fortalezas de sistemas públicos universais de saúde. A compreensão dos projetos em disputa no cenário internacional é fundamental para identificar possibilidades e ameaças à consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil.


Abstract In recent years the international debate about universality in health has been marked by a polarization between ideas based on a universal system, and notions proposing universal health coverage. The concept of universal coverage has been disseminated by international organizations and has been incorporated into health system reforms in several developing countries, including some in Latin America. This article explores the assumptions and strategies related to the proposal of universal health coverage. Firstly, a comparison is provided of the models of universal health coverage and universal health systems. This is followed by a contextualization of the international debate, including examples of different health systems. Finally, the implications of the proposal of universal coverage for the right to health in Brazil are discussed. The analysis of different concepts of universality and the experiences of different countries shows that health insurance-based models, either social or private, are not as satisfactory as public, universal health systems. Greater understanding about ongoing international projects is essential in order to identify the possibilities represented by the consolidation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, as well as the risks of dismantling the SUS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Universal Health Insurance , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Brazil , Health Care Reform , Developing Countries , Latin America
2.
Rev. Kairós ; 20(4): 27-47, dez. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-907035

ABSTRACT

O interior de Portugal está vivendo um envelhecimento demográfico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as transições demográficas ocorridas numa região do interior rural de Portugal, e discutir os desafios para a política de saúde nessa região que atravessou um período de crise econômica. Para atingir esses objetivos, foram utilizados dados dos sistemas de informação do Ministério da Saúde, e foram realizadas entrevistas com os principais atores da política de saúde nacional e local. Como resultados, ficou claro que existiu um reforço de investimento nos cuidados de saúde, mas também se verificaram baixas das taxas de fecundidade, natalidade e mortalidade, e um crescimento da esperança média de vida. Para agravar, houve um aumento do desemprego, uma redução do rendimento. Passada a crise, as modificações demográficas exigem uma nova resposta e uma ação imediata de novas políticas de saúde para superar as suas sequelas.


Portugal is experiencing an aging population in its population. This study aims to analyze the demographic transitions occurring in a rural inland region of Portugal and discuss the challenges to health policy in this region that has experienced a period of economic crisis. In order to achieve these objectives, we used data from the information systems of the Ministry of Health and conducted interviews with the main actors of national and local politics. As a result, investment in the health response, reduction in fertility, birth and death rates and a growth in average life expectancy were clear. But there was an increase in unemployment, a reduction in income. After the crisis, demographic changes require a new response and immediate action on new health policies to overcome the effects of the crisis.


Portugal está viviendo un envejecimiento demográfico en su población. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las transiciones demográficas ocurridas en una región del interior rural de Portugal y discutir los desafíos para la política de salud en esa región que atravesó un período de crisis económica. Para concretar estos objetivos, se recurrió a datos de los sistemas de información del Ministerio de Salud y se realizaron entrevistas con los principales actores de la política nacional y local. Como resultados, quedó claro la inversión en la respuesta en salud, la reducción de las tasas de fecundidad, natalidad y mortalidad y un crecimiento de la esperanza de vida media. Pero hubo un aumento del desempleo, una reducción del rendimiento. Tras la crisis, las modificaciones demográficas exigen una nueva respuesta y una acción inmediata de nuevas políticas de salud para superar los efectos de la crisis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Portugal , Health Programs and Plans , Aging , Population Dynamics , Health Policy
3.
Indian J Public Health ; 2013 Oct-Dec; 57(4): 248-253
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-158683

ABSTRACT

The non-universal nature of health services in India can also be the result of many reforms and milestones the health services had passed through since independence. The reform era during the post-nineties is replete with many new trends in organizational strategies which could have led to crises in health services. The salient crises need to be dissected from a larger societal crisis and the specifi c crises in the health services system. It is evident that nonaccessibility and non-availability and the sub-optimal functioning of the primary health centers are perennial issues which could not be addressed by indigenous, imposed or cocktail reforms (such as National Rural Health Mission) and by targeting as these only tinker with the health services. Needless to reiterate that there is a need to address the social dimensions which fall outside the technical sphere of health services. This paper based on an analytical review of relevant literature concludes that any efforts to universalize health and health-care can not only focus on technical components but need to address the larger social determinants and especially the societal crisis, which engender ill-health.

4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(supl.1): 1081-1096, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582542

ABSTRACT

O fortalecimento do papel do generalista na condução e coordenação de cuidados especializados, hospitalares e sociais para garantir a continuidade é tendência observada em reformas de saúde recentes em países europeus. Na Alemanha, a partir da segunda metade da década de noventa, impulsionadas por pressões econômicas, legislação específica e iniciativas dos próprios prestadores, foram desenvolvidas novas estruturas organizacionais e modelos assistenciais com o propósito de integração do sistema de saúde e a coordenação da atenção, na forma de redes de consultórios médicos, modelo generalista coordenador, programas de gestão clínica para agravos específicos e assistência integrada. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, visitas a serviços e entrevistas com informantes-chave, o artigo analisa a dinâmica destas mudanças organizacionais no setor ambulatorial alemão. Examinam-se os mecanismos de integração e coordenação propostos, discutem-se os impactos potenciais das novas modalidades organizacionais sobre a eficiência e a qualidade e analisam-se motivos e interesses envolvidos, apontando obstáculos para a implementação. Observa-se processo de reforma incremental com tendência à diversificação do panorama assistencial na Alemanha, com presença de modelos integrados de atenção e fortalecimento do papel do médico generalista na função de coordenação dos cuidados aos pacientes.


Strengthening the role of the general practitioner in the conduction and coordination of specialized, inpatient and social care to ensure the continuity is a trend observed in recent health reforms in European countries. In Germany, from the second half of the 1990s, driven by economic pressures, a specific legislation and initiatives of the providers themselves have developed new organizational structures and care models for the purpose of the integration of the health care system and the coordination of health care in the form of: physicians networks, practitioner coordinator model, diseases management programs and integrated care. From a literature review, document analysis, visits to services and interviews with key informants, this paper analyzes the dynamics of these organizational changes in the German outpatient sector. The mechanisms of integration and coordination proposed are examined, and the potential impacts on the efficiency and quality of new organizational arrangements are discussed. Also it is analyzed the reasons and interests involved that point out the obstacles to the implementation. It was observed the process of an incremental reform with a tendency of diversification of the healthcare panorama in Germany with the presence of integrated models of care and strengthening the role of general practitioners in the coordination of patient care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , General Practice , Health Care Reform , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Germany , Quality of Health Care
5.
Rev. gerenc. políticas salud ; 9(18): 103-115, jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568156

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir las características del proceso de contratación de servicios de salud entre las entidades administradoras de planes de beneficio - EAPB (Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS) y entes territoriales) con los Institutos Promotores de Salud (IPS) públicas y privadas en la ciudad de Medellín, entre los años 2007 y 2008. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo exploratorio; se analizó una muestra de minutas de contratos firmados entre EAPB e IPS, y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad para identificar los aspectos relevantes del proceso de negociación y de las relaciones entre contratantes y contratistas. Hallazgos relevantes: las minutas de los contratos son muy diversas, se observa un desbalance en las obligaciones de las partes y hay constantes tensiones interinstitucionales relacionadas con la posición dominante de las EAPB.


Objective: to describe the characteristics of the health service contracting out process betweenAdministrator Entities of Benefit Plans – health Promoting Entities and Territorial Entities- with public and private Health Service Providers of Medellin city, between 2007 and 2008. Methodology:a descriptive, exploratory methodological approach was used to analyze a sample of the contract’s minutes and a qualitative approach to identify the relevant aspects of the negotiation process and the relationship between contractors and contracting parties in the development ofthe contracts. Main finding: the contract is a source of ongoing inter-institutional stress during the negotiation, development, and ending phases affected by the exercise of the underwriter´s dominant position of the health insurers opposed to the purpose of willing agreement guaranteeing effective access to health service.


Objetivo: descrever as características do processo de contratação de serviços de saúde entre as entidades administradoras de planos de benefício – EAPB (Entidades Promotoras de Saude(EPS) e entidades territoriais) com as organizações prestadoras (IPS) públicas e privadas na cidade de Medellín, entre os anos 2007 e 2008. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório; analisou-se um mostra de minutas de contratos assinados entre as entidadesadministradoras (EAPB) e as organizações prestadoras (IPS), e realizaram-se entrevistas aprofundidade para identificar os aspectos relevantes do processo de negociação e das relaçõesentre contratantes e contratados. Descobrimentos relevantes: as minutas dos contratos são muito diversas, observa-se um desequilíbrio nas obrigações das partes e há contastes tensões interinstitucionais relacionadas com a posição dominante das entidades administradoras (EAPB).


Subject(s)
Health Services , Interinstitutional Relations , Health Care Reform , Insurance Carriers
6.
Ophthalmology in China ; (6)1993.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-564915

ABSTRACT

The primary eye care service is still absent in most of primary medical organizations in present China.Since imaging examinations provide main contribution to the diagnosis of eye diseases,ophthalmology and blindness prevention have technical predominance and requiring market in the field of telemedicine or e-healthy.We have explored different paradigms of blindness prevention according to variable levels of the region economy and medical conditions.In the urban community,the paradigm for preventable blindness has been adopted,and however,in the rural areas,the paradigm for curable blindness has been taken.It should be advocated to combine the primary eye care with the primary healthy care.It is in favor of sharing information,enhancing efficiency,improving quality, as well as entire orientation management to carry out digitalized ophthalmology regional cooperative medical service.Moreover,governmental leading function and policy sustaining are needed to complete the reform.

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