Resultados del Programa Territorial "Desarrollo de productos y servicios de salud"

Un programa de ciencia, tecnología e innovación es un conjunto de actividades organizadas en proyectos que se relacionan entre sí, cuyo objetivo es resolver un problema identificado según las prioridades y dirigido a lograr resultados de impactos específicos. En la provincia Santiago de Cuba está en acción, desde el año 2020, el Programa Territorial "Desarrollo de productos y servicios de salud", que ha ejecutado 12 proyectos de investigación. En el presente artículo se identifican sus resultados científico-técnicos y, además, se plantea que estos responden a prioridades sectoriales y territoriales y se encuentran en correspondencia con las políticas del sector sanitario y de la educación superior en Cuba. Su introducción contribuye a resolver las problemáticas de salud en el territorio mediante la aplicación de la ciencia y la innovación tecnológica para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de pobladores con enfermedades.

A science, technology and innovation program is a group of activities organized in projects that are related to each other, which objective is to solve a problem identified according to the priorities and directed to achieve results of specific impacts. In Santiago de Cuba province the Territorial Program "Development of products and health services" is in action since 2020, which has implemented 12 investigation projects. In this work the scientific-technical results are identified; also, it is considered that they respond to sectoral and territorial priorities and are in correspondence with the policy of the health sector and higher education in Cuba. Their introduction contributes to solve the health problems in the territory by means of the implementation of science and technological innovation for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with diseases.

Características del perfil del investigador en ciencias médicas y de la salud categoría Monge Medrano, calificado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica de Perú, 2022 / Characteristics of the profile of medical and health sciences researchers belonging to the Carlos Monge Medrano group, qualified by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica, Peru, 2022

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de los investigadores en ciencias médicas y de la salud de la categoría Monge Medrano, calificados por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC) y registrados en el Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT) en el año 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se revisaron las Hojas de vida afines a la Ciencia y Tecnología (CTI Vitae) de 706 investigadores registrados en Renacyt durante el mes de setiembre del 2022. Se recopilaron las características demográficas, de formación académica, de actividad profesional y de producción científica mediante una ficha de recolección de datos y, a partir de esto, se elaboró una base de datos. Resultados: El 65,3 % de investigadores fueron de sexo masculino, un 80,0 % procedía de Perú y un 66, 7 % dominaba dos o tres idiomas; los más frecuentes eran español, inglés, portugués, francés, italiano, alemán y quechua. A nivel académico, el máximo grado académico obtenido fue el de doctor (71,2 %), la primera carrera profesional no siempre fue una carrera estrictamente de la salud, el 80,3 % reportó estudios de maestría y el 71,2 %, estudios de doctorado; además, el 75,5 % indicó una universidad como institución de primera filiación. A nivel profesional, el 38,2 % registró más de 20 años de experiencia laboral, el 84 % como docente y el 51,7 % tenían experiencia como evaluador o formulador de proyectos de investigación; el 74,8 % reportó haber recibido un premio o distinción en su carrera, asimismo, 133 investigadores contaban con un índice h entre 4 y 6. Adicionalmente, el 94,5 % (667 investigadores) tenía artículos de producción científica, y de estos, el 41,4 % había redactado entre uno y cinco artículos donde era primer autor; además, el 65,9 % de los investigadores reportó haber realizado asesoría de tesis en pregrado y posgrado. Conclusiones: El investigador en ciencias médicas y de la salud es predominantemente masculino, domina al menos dos idiomas, incluido el inglés, tiene grado de doctor y reporta tener producción científica. La universidad es la institución más frecuente de filiación de los investigadores.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the profile of medical and health sciences researchers belonging to the Carlos Monge Medrano group, qualified by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation) and registered in Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT National Scientific, Technological and Technological Innovation Registry) in 2022. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The CTI Vitae Hojas de vida afines a la Ciencia y Tecnología (CTI Vitae Résumés related to Science and Technology) data sheets of 706 researchers registered in Renacyt were reviewed during September 2022. Demographic characteristics, academic background, career and scientific output were collected in a data collection sheet, which was used to create a database. Results: Out of all researchers, 65.3 % were males, 80.0 % came from Peru, and 66.7 % were fluent in two or three languages, the most frequent being Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, Italian, German and Quechua. As for their academic background, the highest degree was a doctorate (71.2 %), the first reported program was not always strictly a health sciences program, 80.3 % pursued master's studies and 71.2 % pursued doctoral studies. In addition, 75.5 % indicated a university as their primary affiliation. Regarding their career, 38.2 % had more than 20 years of work experience, 84 % served as educator, 51.7 % had experience as research project evaluator or developer and 74.8 % received an award or distinction during their career. Moreover, 133 researchers had an h-index between 4 and 6. Furthermore, 94.5 % (667 researchers) drafted scientific papers, out of whom 41.4 % were the lead author in one to five articles and 65.9 % served as undergraduate and graduate thesis advisor. Conclusions: Medical and health sciences researchers are mostly males, are fluent in at least two languages including English, have a doctorate degree and have scientific output. Universities are the most frequent institution of affiliation reported by researchers.

Assessment of educational technology in lactation physiology by health students / Evaluación de tecnología educativa en fisiología de la lactancia por estudiantes de salud / Avaliação de tecnologia educacional de fisiologia da lactação por estudantes da saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the suitability, facilitators, and barriers of using a video clip for teaching lactation physiology to health students. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with online data collection at a higher education institution, using the Assistive Technology Assessment Instrument and open-ended questions. The sample consisted of 88 students. Results: the video clip was deemed suitable in all attributes. Facilitators identified included attractiveness, musicality, and ease of access. Barriers noted were the music's speed and the necessity for prior knowledge. The video clip achieved adequate scores for interactivity (1.71), purpose (1.77), relevance (1.64), and clarity (1.77). The overall average of the attributes was 1.72. Conclusions: the video clip can serve as an effective learning strategy to enhance hybrid education, potentially contributing to the promotion and support of breastfeeding. However, some barriers underscore the importance of prior knowledge for a complete understanding of the content.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la idoneidad, los facilitadores y las barreras del uso de un videoclip para enseñar fisiologia de la lactancia a estudiantes de salud. Métodos: se realizo un estudio transversal con recopilación de datos en línea en una institución de educación superior, utilizando el Instrumento de Evaluación de Tecnologia Asistiva y preguntas abiertas. La muestra consistió en 88 estudiantes. Resultados: el videoclip fue considerado adecuado en todos los atributos. Los facilitadores identificados incluyeron atractivo, musicalidad y facilidad de acceso. Las barreras señaladas fueron la velocidad de la música y la necesidad de conocimientos previos. El videoclip obtuvo puntuaciones adecuadas en interactividad (1.71), propósito (1.77), relevancia (1.64) y claridad (1.77). El promedio general de los atributos fue de 1.72. Conclusiones: el videoclip puede servir como una estrategia de aprendizaje efectiva para mejorar la educación híbrida, potencialmente contribuyendo a la promoción y el apoyo de la lactancia materna. Sin embargo, algunas barreras subrayan la importancia del conocimiento previo para una comprensión completa del contenido.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a adequação, facilitadores e barreiras para o uso de um videoclipe para aprendizagem da fisiologia da lactação por estudantes da saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal com coleta de dados online em uma instituição de ensino superior, utilizando o Instrumento de Avaliação de Tecnologia Assistiva e questões abertas. A amostra incluiu 88 estudantes. Resultados: o videoclipe foi avaliado como adequado em todos os atributos. Facilitadores identificados incluíram atratividade, musicalidade e praticidade de acesso. Barreiras apontadas foram a velocidade da música e a necessidade de conhecimento prévio. O videoclipe obteve média adequada para interatividade (1,71), objetivo (1,77), relevância (1,64) e clareza (1,77). A média global dos atributos foi 1,72. Conclusões: o videoclipe pode ser utilizado como estratégia de aprendizagem que potencializa o ensino híbrido na formação, com potencial para contribuir com a promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno. No entanto, algumas barreiras destacam a necessidade de conhecimento prévio para a compreensão total do conteúdo.

Using the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer in academic writing in health: a scoping review / Uso del Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer en la escritura académica en salud: una revisión de alcance / Uso do Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer na escrita acadêmica em saúde: uma revisão do escopo

Objective: to map the scientific literature regarding the use of the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, ChatGPT, in academic writing in health. Method: this was a scoping review, following the JBI methodology. Conventional databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was applied after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. Data were extracted based on an elaborate script, and presented in a descriptive, tabular and graphical format. Results: the analysis of the 49 selected articles revealed that ChatGPT is a versatile tool, contributing to scientific production, description of medical procedures and preparation of summaries aligned with the standards of scientific journals. Its application has been shown to improve the clarity of writing and benefits areas such as innovation and automation. Risks were also observed, such as the possibility of lack of originality and ethical issues. Future perspectives highlight the need for adequate regulation, agile adaptation and the search for an ethical balance in incorporating ChatGPT into academic writing. Conclusion: ChatGPT presents transformative potential in academic writing in health. However, its adoption requires rigorous human supervision, solid regulation, and transparent guidelines to ensure its responsible and beneficial use by the scientific community.

Objetivo: mapear la literatura científica sobre el uso del Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer , ChatGPT, en la escritura académica en salud. Método: se trató de una revisión de alcance, siguiendo la metodología del JBI. Se incluyeron bases de datos convencionales y literatura gris. La selección de los estudios se realizó previa eliminación de duplicados y evaluación individual y en pares. Los datos se extrajeron basándose en un guión elaborado y se presentaron en un formato descriptivo, tabular y gráfico. Resultados: el análisis de los 49 artículos seleccionados reveló que ChatGPT es una herramienta versátil, que contribuye a la producción científica, descripción de procedimientos médicos y elaboración de resúmenes alineados con los estándares de las revistas científicas. Se ha demostrado que su aplicación mejora la claridad de la redacción y beneficia áreas como la innovación y la automatización. También se observaron riesgos, como la posibilidad de falta de originalidad y cuestiones éticas. Las perspectivas futuras resaltan la necesidad de una regulación adecuada, adaptación ágil y búsqueda de un equilibrio ético en la incorporación del ChatGPT a la escritura académica. Conclusión: ChatGPT presenta un potencial transformador en la escritura académica en el área de la salud. Sin embargo, su adopción requiere una supervisión humana rigurosa, una regulación sólida y directrices transparentes para garantizar su uso responsable y beneficioso por parte de la comunidad científica.

Objetivo: mapear a literatura científica referente ao uso do Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer , ChatGPT, na escrita acadêmica em saúde. Método: tratou-se de uma revisão de escopo, seguindo o método do JBI. Foram incluídas bases de dados convencionais e literatura cinzenta. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada após a remoção de duplicatas e avaliação individual e em pares. Os dados foram extraídos com base em um roteiro elaborado, e apresentados de forma descritiva, tabular e gráfica. Resultados: a análise dos 49 artigos selecionados mostrou que o ChatGPT é uma ferramenta versátil, que contribui para a produção científica, descrição de procedimentos médicos e elaboração de resumos alinhados aos padrões das revistas científicas. Sua aplicação melhorou a clareza da redação e beneficia áreas como inovação e automação. Também foram observados riscos, como a possibilidade de falta de originalidade e questões éticas. Perspectivas futuras destacam a necessidade de regulamentação adequada, adaptação ágil e busca por um equilíbrio ético na incorporação do ChatGPT na escrita acadêmica. Conclusão: o ChatGPT apresenta um potencial transformador na escrita acadêmica na área da saúde. Contudo, sua adoção requer supervisão humana rigorosa, regulamentação sólida e diretrizes transparentes para garantir seu uso responsável e benéfico pela comunidade científica.

Una aplicación móvil de ayuda para estudiantes de epidemiología: evaluación preliminar de EpiApp

Introducción: Las aplicaciones móviles (Apps) están transformando las perspectivas de aprendizaje en entornos de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp como herramienta de apoyo en la consulta y resolución de problemas de epidemiología comparada con métodos tradicionales (MT). Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó EpiApp usando una estructura metodológica. Se realizó un estudio experimental controlado y aleatorizado con dos grupos: EpiApp y MT. La fectividad se evaluó con un cuestionario estandarizado y la usabilida con la escala MARS. Resultados: Se aleatorizaron 176 estudiantes: EpiApp (n=88) y MT (n=88). El tiempo de respuesta fue menor para los usuarios de EpiApp (23,99 min [± DE 8,38] vs. 29,16 min [± DE 11,61], p = 0,005). No hubo diferencias en el número de respuestas correctas (p = 0,635), ni en la oportunidad de aprobar el cuestionario (p = 0,054). La usabilidad fue buena (MARS > 4). Discusión: Las Apps móviles tienen un gran potencial para ser útiles en la educación en salud y en la toma de decisiones en epidemiología, así como en la atención médica en general. No obstante, es esencial realizar estudios rigurosos para garantizar que estas aplicaciones sean efectivas, útiles, fáciles de usar y comprender. Conclusiones: EpiApp redujo el tiempo de respuesta en la resolución de problemas de epidemiología sin afectar el número de respuestas correctas. La usabilidad fue buena, aunque hay oportunidad de mejora en diversión, interés, adaptabilidad individual e interactividad. La efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp requiere ser validada con estudios más rigurosos y en diferentes contextos.

Introduction: Mobile applications (Apps) are transforming learning perspectives in healthcare settings. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of EpiApp as a support tool in the consultation and resolution of epidemiology problems, compared to traditional methods (TM). Methodology: EpiApp was designed using a methodological structure. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with two groups: EpiApp and TM. A standardized questionnaire and the MARS scale were used to evaluate effectiveness and usability, respectively. Results: A total of 176 students were randomized: EpiApp (n=88) and TM (n=88). Response time was shorter for EpiApp users (23.99 min [±SD 8.38] vs. 29.16 min [±SD 11.61], p=0.005). There were no differences in the number of correct responses (p=0.635) or the opportunity to pass the questionnaire (p=0.054). Usability was good (MARS>4). Discussion: Mobile Apps have great potential to be useful in healthcare education and decision-making in epidemiology, as well as in general medical care. However, it is essential to conduct rigorous studies to ensure that these applications are effective, useful, and easy to use and understand. Conclusions: EpiApp reduced response time in solving epidemiology problems without affecting the number of correct answers. The usability was good, although there is room for improvement in terms of enjoyment, interest, individual adaptability, and interactivity. The effectiveness and usability of EpiApp need to be validated through more rigorous studies in different contexts.

Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom in Health Sciences University Programs: A Literature Review / Efectividad del Aula Invertida en carreras universitarias de Ciencias de la Salud: Revisión de literatura / Efetividade da sala de aula invertida nas carreiras universitárias de ciências da saúde: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Higher education institutions have implemented active learning approaches, such as the Flipped Classroom, to promote the education of their students. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits derived from its implementation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom application in the education of university students from Health Sciences undergraduate programs. Materials and methods: A systematized narrative review of the literature published between 2012 and 2022. Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science were used as sources of primary articles. A revised version of the Kirkpatrick model was used to assess the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom. Results: 34 out of the 1020 retrieved articles reached the quantitative synthesis phase. Students value positively this didactic model and acknowledge its contributions in the development of attitudes, knowledge and skills. In contrast, some studies show an increase in the workload and stress levels of students. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that Flipped Classroom is a valid didactic model for the education of Health Sciences students. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of its implementation at a long term organizational level.

Introduction: Higher education institutions have implemented active learning approaches, such as the Flipped Classroom, to promote the education of their students. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits derived from its implementation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom application in the education of university students from Health Sciences undergraduate programs. Materials and methods: A systematized narrative review of the literature published between 2012 and 2022. Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science were used as sources of primary articles. A revised version of the Kirkpatrick model was used to assess the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom. Results: 34 out of the 1020 retrieved articles reached the quantitative synthesis phase. Students value positively this didactic model and acknowledge its contributions in the development of attitudes, knowledge and skills. In contrast, some studies show an increase in the workload and stress levels of students. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that Flipped Classroom is a valid didactic model for the education of Health Sciences students. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of its implementation at a long term organizational level.

Introducción: Las instituciones de educación superior han implementado enfoques activos de aprendizaje como el Aula Invertida para favorecer la formación de sus estudiantes. Sin embargo, existe evidencia diversa respecto de los beneficios derivados de su implementación. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la aplicación del Aula Invertida en la formación de estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pregrado de las Ciencias de la Salud. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa sistematizada de la literatura publicada entre 2012 y 2022, utilizando Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science como fuentes de artículos primarios. Se utilizó la versión revisada del modelo de Kirkpatrick para valorar la efectividad del Aula Invertida. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1020 artículos, 34 de ellos ingresaron a la fase de síntesis cuantitativa. Los estudiantes valoran positivamente este modelo didáctico y reconocen su aporte en el desarrollo de actitudes, conocimientos y habilidades. Algunos estudios mencionan un aumento de la carga de trabajo y niveles de estrés en los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere que Aula Invertida es un modelo didáctico válido para la formación de estudiantes de las Ciencias de la Salud. Futuros estudios deberían considerar la efectividad de su implementación a nivel organizacional y a largo plazo.

Competencias digitales en profesionales de ciencias de la salud / Digital Competences in Health Sciences Professionals

Introducción: Los adelantos tecnológicos han democratizado el uso de internet, lo que ha ocasionado la necesidad de la competencia digital en los profesionales de la salud para potenciar sus capacidades y mejorar en todas las ramas los servicios sanitarios, la salud humana y el bienestar de la población, aspectos que deben considerarse en la formación profesional. Objetivo: Describir las competencias digitales de los profesionales de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva, realizada en bases de datos bibliográficas especializadas (PubMed, Science Direct, Dialnet, SciELO, ProQuest, Latindex), en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS) y revistas científicas (Educación Médica Superior), desde abril de 2011 hasta diciembre de 2021. Resultados: De 1431 artículos, se seleccionaron 21 que dieron como resultado seis categorías: información y alfabetización informacional, comunicación y colaboración, uso técnico y seguridad, creación de contenido digital, resolución de problemas y factores relacionados con la competencia digital. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de ciencias de la salud presentan deficiencias en las competencias información y alfabetización informacional, comunicación y colaboración, creación de contenido digital y uso técnico y seguridad. Sin embargo, en resolución de problemas presentan más destrezas; a ellas se asocian factores donde los varones son más competentes que las mujeres y existe una correlación inversa en la que a mayor competencia menor edad tienen los profesionales de la salud(AU)

Introduction: Technological advances have democratized the use of the Internet, which has caused the need for digital competence in health professionals, in view of enhancing their capabilities and improving in all branches of health services, human health and population welfare, aspects that should be considered in professional training. Objective: To describe the digital competences of health sciences professionals. Methods: A descriptive literature review was conducted in specialized bibliographic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Dialnet, SciELO, ProQuest, Latindex), the Virtual Health Library (VHL), and scientific journals (Educación Médica Superior), from April 2011 to December 2021. Results: Out of 1431 articles, 21 were selected, which permitted to obtain six categories: information and information literacy, communication and collaboration, technical use and safety, digital content creation, problem solving, and factors related to digital competence. Conclusions: Health sciences professionals present deficiencies in the competences of information and information literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, as well as technical use and safety. However, they present more skills in problem solving; these are associated with factors in which males are more competent than females and there is an inverse correlation by which the greater the competence, the younger the health professionals are(AU)

Caracterización de la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad Victoria de Girón / Characterization of Research Activity by the Student Teachers at Facultad Victoria de Girón

Introducción: El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" constituye una valiosa cantera de investigadores. Sin embargo, estas potencialidades no siempre generan tal resultado, lo cual torna necesario monitorizar sistemáticamente dicha actividad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra probabilística estratificada de 131 sujetos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado de Pearson y el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: Los estudiantes en el quinto año académico, de las 12 habilidades investigativas exploradas, en 8 alcanzaron las mayores cifras en cuanto a los que expresaron dominarlas. El área clínica fue la de principal interés investigativo (50,4 %); esta variable se asoció con el tipo de especialidad de la ayudantía (p < 0,001; V = 0,710). El 53,4 % de los educandos refirió estar vinculado a la investigación científica, lo cual presentó asociación estadística (p < 0,001; 0,6 ≤ V < 0,8) con las variables: antigüedad en el movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, autopercepción de su importancia en la formación profesional, la autoevaluación de la preparación en ella, incorporación a un proyecto de investigación, pertenencia al Grupo Científico Estudiantil e interés por practicarla en el posgrado. Pocos se encontraban vinculados a proyectos de investigación (n = 22), al Grupo Científico Estudiantil (n = 37) y a la publicación científica (n = 22). Conclusiones: En los alumnos ayudantes de esta facultad se observa una insuficiente actividad en investigación científica.

Introduction: "Frank País" Student Teachers Movement is a valuable pool of researchers. However, these potentialities do not always produce such outcomes; therefore, systematic monitoring of this activity is necessary. Objective: To characterize the research activity of student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a stratified probabilistic sample of 131 subjects. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Pearson's chi-squared test and Cramer's V coefficient were used. Results: Of the 12 explored research skills, fifth academic year students expressed that they mastered 8 of them, in which they reached the highest figures. The clinical area received the main interest in research (50.4 %); this variable was associated with the type of specialty of the student teachers (p<0.001; V=0.710). 53.4 % of the students reported that they were involved in scientific research, a condition statistically associated (p<0.001; 0.6≤V<0.8) with the variables service time in the student teachers movement, perception of its importance in self-professional training, self-assessment of training for it, recent involvement into a research project, membership in the students' scientific group, and interest in practicing the specialty during the postgraduate stage. Few of them were involved in research projects (n=22), the students' scientific group (n=37), or participated in scientific publication (n=22). Conclusions: Insufficient activity in scientific research is observed among the student teachers of this medical school.

Concreción de competencias transversales para lograr competencia intercultural en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud / Concretization of Cross-Sectional Competences for Achieving Intercultural Competence among Health Sciences Students

El proceso formativo de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud se ve desafiado a responder ante una sociedad diversa. Las experiencias, las costumbres, las creencias, la religión y la cultura influyen en las decisiones del paciente ante un proceso de salud/enfermedad, lo que genera incertidumbre en el estudiantado. A nivel internacional, la capacitación en competencia intercultural en salud es requisito de acreditación; pero en Sudamérica no ocurre lo mismo. Lineamientos internacionales han instaurado el desarrollo de competencias transversales para adquirir habilidades que le permitan al individuo desenvolverse en el escenario mundial, lo cual podría constituirse en la base fundamental para adquirir competencia intercultural en salud. Los objetivos de este artículo son identificar cómo los lineamientos para desarrollar competencias transversales tributan al logro de competencia intercultural en salud en relación con cuatro modelos de competencia cultural en salud, y exponer estrategias didácticas que permiten desarrollar ambas competencias durante el proceso formativo del estudiantado de las ciencias de la salud. Se concluye que las competencias transversales permiten adquirir habilidades, valores y competencias que facilitarían lograr las características que los diferentes modelos de competencia cultural en salud indican. Diversas metodologías activas resultan apropiadas para concretar el desarrollo de ambas competencias; no obstante, deben acompañarse de debriefing para adquirir pensamiento crítico y reflexividad en el estudiantado, además de que este proceso no se realice bajo patrones etnocentristas. Por lo tanto, es necesario indagar cómo se está desarrollando la reflexividad en el proceso formativo del estudiantado de ciencias de la salud(AU)

The training process of health sciences students is challenged to respond to a diverse society. Experiences, customs, beliefs, religion and culture influence the patient's decisions in the face of a health/disease process, which causes uncertainty among students. Internationally, training in intercultural competence in health is a requirement for accreditation, but this is not the case in South America. International guidelines have established the development of cross-sectional competences for acquiring skills that allow the individual to practice an activity in the global scenario, which could become the fundamental basis for acquiring intercultural competence in health. The objectives of this article are to identify how the guidelines to develop cross-sectional competences contribute to the achievement of intercultural competence in health in relation to four models of cultural competence in health, as well as to expose didactic strategies that allow to develop both competences during the training process of health sciences students. It is concluded that cross-sectional competences allow to acquire skills, values and competences that would facilitate the achievement of the characteristics indicated by the different models of cultural competence in health. Different active methodologies are appropriate to concretize the development of both competences; however, they should be accompanied by debriefing for the students to acquire critical thinking and reflexivity, while this process should not be carried out under ethnocentric patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how that reflexivity is being developed in the training process of health sciences students(AU)

Trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de licenciaturas de ciencias de la salud / Health sciences undergraduate students academic track records

Resumen Antecedentes: El análisis de las trayectorias académicas es fundamental para evaluar la formación de los estudiantes y la estructura de los programas de estudio de educación superior, lo que permite diagnosticar y prevenir el rezago y abandono escolar. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en ciencias de la salud de la UNAM de las generaciones 2001 a 2016. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes reales; se calcularon tasas de egreso y rezago. Se realizó ANOVA para contrastar el egreso entre planteles por carrera y tiempo. Para identificar los períodos críticos se utilizaron funciones de supervivencia con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: En las licenciaturas en enfermería y medicina se observaron los menores porcentajes de rezago; enfermería presentó los mayores porcentajes de egreso, sobre todo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza; odontología mostró los menores índices de egreso y mayores índices de abandono y rezago. Las mujeres mostraron mayor egreso y menor riesgo de abandono y rezago. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en enfermería, medicina y psicología de las facultades de estudios superiores Zaragoza e Iztacala, con programas modulares, alcanzaron los mayores porcentajes de egreso y menores índices de abandono y rezago.

Abstract Background: Academic track record analysis is essential for evaluating the training of students and the structure of higher education study programs, which allows diagnosing and preventing educational lag and school dropout. Objective: To analyze the differences in academic track records of UNAM health sciences undergraduate students from generations 2001 to 2016. Material and methods: Study of real cohorts; graduation and lag rates were calculated. ANOVA was used to contrast the graduation rates between campuses by undergraduate program and time. To identify critical periods, survival functions were used with Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: The lowest percentages of lag were observed in nursing and medicine students; nursing students had the highest graduation rates, especially at Zaragoza campus; dentistry students had the lowest graduation rates and the highest dropout and lag rates. Women showed higher graduation rates and lower risk of dropout and lag. Conclusions: Nursing, medicine and psychology undergraduate students at Zaragoza and Iztacala campuses, with modular programs, achieved the highest graduation percentages and the lowest dropout and lag rates.

Expansão da telessaúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde e as desigualdades regionais no Brasil / Expansion of telehealth in Primary Health Care and the regional inequalities in Brazil / Expansión de la telesalud en la Atención Primaria de Salud y desigualdades regionales en Brasil

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a expansão da telessaúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil e comparar as regiões geográficas. Estudo de série histórica com dados secundários da Avaliação Externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) obtidos a partir dos módulos I e II do 1º (2012), do 2º (2014) e do 3º (2018) ciclos. Os equipamentos de Tecnologia da Informação e o uso da telessaúde foram associados aos ciclos e às regiões geográficas pelo teste qui-quadrado ajustados pelo teste z de Bonferroni, e a comparação entre a média de equipamentos foi realizada pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Houve expansão no uso da telessaúde pelas Equipes de Atenção Básica (eAB) entre 2012 (12,7%), 2014 (27,7%) e 2018 (54,6%) (p<0,001). Houve aumento da média de todos equipamentos disponíveis para as eAB (p<0,001). Apesar do aumento na disponibilidade de equipamentos e do uso da telessaúde entre os ciclos e as regiões geográficas, as disparidades regionais se mantiveram, com as piores proporções no Norte e no Nordeste

The objective of the study was to analyze the expansion of telehealth in Primary Health Care in Brazil and make a comparison between Brazilian geographic regions. The historical series study with secondary data from the External Evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement National Program of Primary Care obtained from modules I and II of the 1st (2012), 2nd (2014) and 3rd (2018) cycles. Information Technology equipment and the use of telehealth were associated with cycles and geographic regions by the chi-square test adjusted by Bonferroni's z test and comparison between the mean of equipment, by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The proportion of use of telehealth by the Primary Care Teams (eAB) increased between 2012 (12.7%), 2014 (27.7%) and 2018 (54.6%). There was expansion in the average of all equipment available for eAB (p<0.001). Despite the increase in the availability of equipment and use of telehealth between cycles and geographic regions, regional disparities remained, with worse proportions in North and Northeast regions

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la expansión de la telesalud en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil y comparar regiones geográficas. Estudio de serie histórica con datos secundarios de la Evaluación Externa del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Primaria obtenidos de los módulos I y II del 1° (2012), 2° (2014) y 3° (2018) ciclos. El uso de equipos de Tecnologías de la Información y telesalud se asoció con ciclos y regiones geográficas por la prueba de chi-cuadrado ajustada por la prueba z de Bonferroni y la comparación entre el promedio de equipos por la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Hubo expansión en el uso de telesalud por parte de los Equipos de Atención Primaria (eAB) entre 2012 (12,7%), 2014 (27,7%) y 2018 (54,6%) (p<0,001). Hubo un aumento en el promedio de todos los equipos disponibles para los eAB (p<0,001). A pesar del aumento en la disponibilidad de equipos y uso de telesalud entre ciclos y regiones geográficas, las disparidades regionales se mantuvieron, con peores proporciones en el Norte y Nordeste

Contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa en Ciencias de la Salud / The Contribution of Research Groups to the Doctoral Training within the Health Sciences Program

Introducción: La inserción de los doctorandos en grupos de investigación favorece su formación y el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinares. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el período 2018-2021. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por egresados, matriculados y tutores del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud que imparte la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, a partir de una guía de tres temas que abordaba la problemática investigada, y que fueron validadas por miembros del Comité Doctoral. Resultados: Los egresados reconocieron la contribución de la inserción en los equipos durante su formación e hicieron sugerencias relacionadas con el acompañamiento durante el proceso. En el caso de los que estaban en formación, sugirieron aspectos que favorecerían el acceso a orientaciones con la forma de presentación y redacción de la tesis. Los tutores expresaron su conformidad con la inclusión de sus tutelados en los grupos y sugirieron, entre otros aspectos, aumentar la divulgación de los talleres previos a la defensa. Conclusiones: En la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública (ENSAP) se ha logrado que los/as profesionales con grados científicos no trabajen aislados, sino que estén articulados a los grupos de investigación, con resultados favorables, lo que ha sido avalado por los/as egresados/as del programa, matriculados/as y tutores(AU)

Introduction: The insertion of PhD aspirants into research groups favors their training and work in interdisciplinary teams. Objective: To identify the contribution of research groups to the doctoral training of the doctoral program in Health Sciences. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the period 2018-2021. The study group consisted of graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from the doctoral program in Health Sciences taught by the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. In-depth interviews were carried out upon the basis of a guide with three topics that addressed the investigated problem situation, validated by members of the Doctoral Board. Results: The graduates recognized the contribution of them being inserted into the teams during their training and made suggestions related to the accompaniment during the process. In the case of those in training, they suggested aspects that would favor access to guidance concerning how to present and write their dissertations. The supervisors expressed their agreement with the inclusion of their protégés into the groups and recommended, among other aspects, increasing the dissemination of the workshops prior to the defense. Conclusions: At the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, it has been achieved that professionals with scientific degrees do not work in isolation, but in an articulated manner together with research groups, with favorable results, which has been acknowledged by graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from that program(AU)

Política interministerial para la investigación, transferencia y fortalecimiento de la salud en territorio, una experiencia federal / Interministerial Policy for Research, Transfer and Strengthening of Health in the Territory, a Federal Experience

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: En marzo de 2023, en el marco del "Convenio Marco de Cooperación y Asistencia Técnica Mutua - MSAL/MINCYT", se creó el "Proyecto Federal Interministerial de Investigación, Transferencia y Fortalecimiento para la Salud en Territorio". El objetivo fue presentar un proceso de trabajo innovador entre dos ministerios, que sienta las bases para configurar un modelo de gestión de las políticas de investigación en salud con asiento federal y tendiente a potenciar las funciones y capacidades institucionales de cada sector. MÉTODOS: La coordinación del Proyecto se encuentra a cargo de un Comité Interministerial. En 2023 se realizó la Convocatoria para la presentación de un proyecto anual, que consta de dos componentes: A) Línea de investigación y transferencia; y B) Plan de fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales de las áreas de investigación de los ministerios de salud jurisdiccionales agrupadas en la Red Ministerial de Áreas de Investigación en Salud de Argentina. RESULTADOS: Las 24 jurisdicciones presentaron sus proyectos, y todos ellos resultaron aprobados. La estrategia tuvo un impacto en el fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de trabajo conjunto de dos ministerios nacionales, que debieron armonizar modalidades de gestión entre las áreas de investigación en salud y las representaciones de CyT en el ámbito jurisdiccional y entre los decisores en materia sanitaria y los actores del sistema científico. DISCUSIÓN: Esta experiencia contribuye a fortalecer las capacidades estatales, a la vez que permite identificar aspectos que requieren continuar siendo trabajados para consolidar nuevas modalidades de gestión interministeriales.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In March 2023, within the framework of the "Framework Agreement for Cooperation and Mutual Technical Assistance - MSAL/MINCYT", the "Federal Interministerial Project of Research, Transfer and Strengthening for Health in the Territory" was created. The objective was to present an innovative work process between the Ministry of Health (MSAL) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MINCYT), that lays the foundations for a management model of health research policies with a federal approach and aimed at enhancing the institutional functions and capacities of each sector. METHODS: The Project was coordinated by an Interministerial Committee. In 2023 there was a Call for the presentation of an annual project that consists of two components: A) Line of research and transfer; and B) Plan to strengthen the institutional capacities of the research areas of the jurisdictional health ministries grouped in REMINSA. RESULTS: The 24 jurisdictions presented their projects, and all of them were approved. The strategy strengthened the joint work mechanisms of two national ministries, that had to harmonize management patterns between health research areas and S&T representations at the jurisdictional level and between health decision-makers and the actors of the scientific system. DISCUSSION: This experience contributes to strengthening state capacities, while allowing to identify aspects that require continued work to reinforce new interministerial management patterns.

Performance of physical activity as a predictor of women's mammography screening attendance in a population of Northeast Brazil

Introduction: Despite the increasing incidence of breast cancer among women in Northeast Brazil, there have been no studies on the association between physical activity and attendance to mammography screening. Objective: This study of Brazilian women addressed socio-economic variables, physical activity, and knowledge about breast cancer and their impact on attendance to mammography screening. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted as an epidemiological evaluation. Data were obtained by interviewing 307 women in a public health center. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the odds ratio (ORs) and confidence intervals (CI) of variables. Results: Mean age of women was 49.79 (SD=8.63) years and 172 (56.0%) were between 40 and 49 years old. Women aged from 40 to 49 and ≥50 years who performed physical activity, had a 2.4-fold (95% CI: 1.13-5.04) and 10.6-fold (95% CI: 2.66-41.95) increased chance to attend MS every year (p=0.040; p<0.001). Women aged between 40 and 49 years with a low and middle income, had a 10.3-fold (OR=0.097; 95% CI: 0.02-0.53) and 13.2-fold (OR=0.076; 95% CI: 0.11 0.53) decreased chance to attend MS every second year (p=0.007). The MS attendance of women aged ≥50 years with basic education level was 13.3 (OR=0.075; 95% CI: 0.09-0.66) times decreased (p=0.010). Conclusion: Physical activity represented an important predictor of MS attendance of all women. The impact of income and education level, in contrast, depended strongly on the age group.

Resilience of undergraduate health sciences students during COVID-19: An integrative review

Background: COVID-19 pandemic placed pressure on global health systems, healthcare providers and undergraduate students in health sciences. Students experienced change in the teaching and learning as well as the clinical context resulting in increased stress levels. Resilience assisted students to adapt and develop competencies and effective coping mechanisms. Aim: The purpose of this integrative review is to identify resilience of undergraduate students in health sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Online platforms. Methods: An integrative review was conducted with keywords: resilience, undergraduate students, health sciences and COVID-19. Three different searches were conducted for the time frame 2020­2022 on the relevant electronic data bases with full text articles. A total of 1665 records were identified and 49 potentially relevant articles were identified. Screening resulted in 34 articles that were analysed using the John Hopkins critical appraisal criteria. Results: Four themes were identified: attributes of students' resilience, aspects enhancing the development of resilience, aspects hindering the development of resilience and recommendations to cultivate resilience. Conclusion: Resilience is key to withstand the challenges in the global health system. The development of resilience in undergraduate health sciences students should be prioritised to ensure cognitive adaptability, effective coping skills and sufficient support. Contribution: These findings can assist higher educational institutions to improve their undergraduate health science programs to cultivate resilient health care professionals.

A look at vulnerability in the older population in health sciences studies: a systematic review / O olhar sobre a vulnerabilidade na população idosa nos estudos das ciências da saúde: uma revisão sistemática

The objective of this study was to systematically investigate and review studies on the concept of vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. Articles were selected, filtered, and analyzed following the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers using templates developed by the authors. Data extracted included specific details about population, interest, and context. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: 1) were cross-sectional or prospective, 2) involved community-dwellers aged ≥ 60 years, 3) were published in the last 10 years, and 4) had as a concept vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. A total of 833 studies were identified and screened, 26 of which were included. Most included studies addressed vulnerability in older adults as an individual aspect, whether biological or psychological. The remaining studies reported vulnerability as affecting socio-environmental, health care system, and multifactorial aspects. Therefore, the concept of "vulnerability in older people" was not properly defined in the biomedical scientific community. When we return to the guiding question of this review, we can conclude that the conditions of vulnerability of older people are being treated broadly and diversely, producing different methodological strategies. The systematic review was conducted in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases between August and December 2020 and updated in September 2022, with registration number CRD42022361649

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar e revisar sistematicamente estudos sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade associado à saúde da população idosa. Os trabalhos foram selecionados, filtrados e analisados seguindo as etapas recomendadas pela The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A triagem e a extração de dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes usando modelos desenvolvidos pelos autores. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos da população; interesse; contexto. Consideraram-se artigos que: 1) fossem estudos transversais ou prospectivos, 2) envolvessem idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos), 3) fossem dos últimos dez anos; tivessem como conceito a vulnerabilidade associada à saúde da população idosa. O total de 833 estudos foi identificado e triado, e 26 deles foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos incluídos verificou a vulnerabilidade do idoso no aspecto individual, seja biológico, seja psicológico. Em contrapartida, o restante dos estudos acredita que a vulnerabilidade atinja o aspecto socioambiental, sistema de saúde e multifatorial. Sendo assim, conceito de "vulnerabilidade do idoso" não está devidamente definido na comunidade científica biomédica. Neste caso, retornando à questão norteadora desta revisão, conclui-se que as condições de vulnerabilidade do idoso estão sendo tratadas de maneira ampla e diversa, produzindo diferentes estratégias metodológicas. A revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), entre agosto e dezembro de 2020, com atualização em setembro de 2022, sob código CRD42022361649

Uso de substâncias psicoativas e rendimento acadêmico de universitários da área de saúde / Use of psychoactive substances and academic performance of university students in the health area / Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar as substâncias psicoativas mais prevalentes entre alunos de cursos de graduação da área de saúde e a interferência destas no desempenho acadêmico. Métodos: 115 acadêmicos de Enfermagem e Educação Física de Universidade pública do interior do Ceará, Brasil, responderam ao questionário Drug Use Screening Inventory, em 2021. Para análise dos resultados, utilizaram-se dos testes estatísticos de qui-quadrado de Pearson e da razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: 65 (56%) alunos usavam analgésicos; 54 (47%) o álcool e 14 (12,2%) a maconha. Não houve associação estatística entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas e o desempenho acadêmico. Todavia, dentre aqueles que utilizavam analgésicos ou álcool, mais de 1/3 analisaram o desempenho como ruim/péssimo ou regular e metade dos que usavam maconha analisaram da mesma maneira o desempenho acadêmico. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para o entendimento sobre as substâncias psicoativas prevalentes no contexto universitário e os aspectos associados, enfatizando a necessidade de intervenções.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the most prevalent psychoactive substances used among undergraduate students in the health area and their interference in academic performance. Methods: a total of 115 Nursing and Physical Education students from a public university in inland Ceará, Brazil, answered the Drug Use Screening Inventory questionnaire in 2021. To analyze the results, Pearson's chi-square and likelihood ratio statistical tests were used. Results: a total of 65 (56%) students used analgesics, 54 (47%) drank alcohol and 14 (12.2%) smoked marijuana. There was no statistical association between use of psychoactive substances and academic performance. However, among those who used analgesics or alcohol, more than 1/3 analyzed their performance as poor/terrible or fair, and half of those who smoked marijuana analyzed it in the same way. Conclusion: the study contributed to understanding the psychoactive substances prevalent in the university context and associated aspects, emphasizing the need for interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar las sustancias psicoactivas más prevalentes en los estudiantes de grado del área de la salud y su interferencia en el rendimiento académico. Métodos: 115 estudiantes de Enfermería y Educación Física de una universidad pública del interior de Ceará, Brasil, respondieron el cuestionario Drug Use Screening Inventory, en 2021. Para analizar los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y de razón de verosimilitud. Resultados: 65 (56%) estudiantes utilizaron analgésicos; 54 (47%) alcohol y 14 (12,2%) marihuana. No hubo asociación estadística entre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y el rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, más de 1/3 de los que consumía analgésicos o alcohol, consideró que el desempeño era malo/pésimo o regular, al igual que la mitad de los que consumía marihuana. Conclusión: el estudio contribuyó a comprender cuales son las sustancias psicoactivas prevalentes en el contexto universitario y los aspectos asociados, y destacó la necesidad de intervenciones.

La educación colaborativa interprofesional en los estudios de pre y posgrado en Ciencias de la Salud

Introducción: La educación interprofesional se enmarca en la tercera gran reforma de la educación sanitaria. Consiste en una docencia basada en sistemas sanitarios, enfocada en competencias locales y globales. Es el sustento de una práctica colaborativa interprofesional que garantice la Atención Médica Integral centrada en el paciente, la familia y la comunidad. Objetivo: Fundamentar la necesidad de la educación interprofesional en la formación de pre y posgrado en Ciencias de la Salud como garantía de una práctica colaborativa interprofesional eficaz que tribute a una Atención Médica Integral sostenible e inclusiva. Método: Se efectuó un estudio documental en idioma inglés y español en diversas bases de datos: Google Académico, SciELO y Red Nacional de Información en Salud (Infomed). Se sistematizaron las informaciones y se efectuaron valoraciones críticas de los autores. Desarrollo: La práctica colaborativa interprofesional ha tenido un ascenso en diferentes escenarios y deviene en condición esencial para la atención de calidad según demanda la sociedad y los sistemas de salud en los últimos años en todo el mundo, y es un requisito necesario para una atención de la salud de calidad y segura. La educación colaborativa interprofesional mejora la coordinación, integración y fusión de saberes útiles entre distintos profesionales de la salud y en la atención social. Se requiere un estrecho nexo entre los ministerios de salud y las instituciones formadoras en función de una educación interprofesional desde el pregrado, posgrado y durante la formación continua. Conclusiones: La educación colaborativa interprofesional en la formación salubrista tributa a una práctica colaborativa interprofesional sostenible.

Introduction: Interprofessional education is included in the third major health education reform. It consists of health systems-based teaching, focused on local and global competencies. It is the base of an interprofessional collaborative practice that guarantees a comprehensive health care service for patients, families and the community. Objective: To demonstrate the need for interprofessional education process in undergraduate and postgraduate Health Sciences education as a guarantee of an effective interprofessional collaborative practice that contributes to a sustainable and inclusive comprehensive health care. Method: A documentary research, in English and Spanish, was carried out in several databases: Scopus, SciELO, PubMed/MedLine, Redalyc, Google Scholar and the Infomed portal. The information was systematized and authors gave their critical evaluations. Development: Collaborative interprofessional practice has been increasing in different scenarios and has become an essential condition for quality care service as demanded by society and healthcare systems worldwide in recent years and it is a necessary requirement for quality and health care safety. Collaborative interprofessional education improves coordination, integration and the merging of useful knowledge among different health and social care professionals. A close relationship between ministries of health and training institutions is required for interprofessional education from undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education. Final considerations: Collaborative interprofessional education in health care education contributes to sustainable interprofessional collaborative practice.

Introdução: A educação interprofissional faz parte da terceira grande reforma da educação em saúde. Consiste no ensino baseado em sistemas de saúde, focado em competências locais e globais. É o suporte de uma prática colaborativa interprofissional que garante uma assistência médica integral centrada no paciente, na família e na comunidade. Objetivo: Fundamentar a necessidade da educação interprofissional na graduação e pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde como garantia de uma efetiva prática colaborativa interprofissional que contribua para uma assistência médica integral sustentável e inclusiva. Método: Estudo documental realizado em inglês e espanhol em diversas bases de dados: Scopus, SciELO, PubMed/MedLine, Redalyc, Google Scholar e Red Nacional de Información en Salud (Infomed). As informações foram sistematizadas e feitas avaliações críticas dos autores. Desenvolvimento: A prática colaborativa interprofissional despontou em diferentes cenários e tornou-se condição essencial para uma assistência de qualidade exigida pela sociedade e pelos sistemas de saúde nos últimos anos em todo o mundo e é requisito necessário para uma assistência de qualidade, com qualidade e segura. A educação colaborativa interprofissional melhora a coordenação, integração e fusão de conhecimentos úteis entre diferentes profissionais de saúde e assistência social. É necessária uma articulação estreita entre os ministérios da saúde e as instituições de formação com base na educação interprofissional desde a graduação, pós-graduação e durante a formação continuada. Considerações finais: A educação colaborativa interprofissional na formação em saúde contribui para uma prática colaborativa interprofissional sustentável.

Synchronous and observational telesimulation in health: a scoping review / Telesimulación síncrona y observacional en salud: scoping review / Telessimulação síncrona e observacional em saúde: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the necessary steps and components for operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation design in the context of developing clinical competencies aimed at students and health professionals. Method a scoping review supported by the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation, and by the assumptions of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews' manual method. The search was carried out in November 2021 in 13 databases, totaling nine studies in the final sample, which were then analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results two categories were developed: steps and components for operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation design; and challenges to implement synchronous and observational telesimulation. Conclusion operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation has been supported by a six-step instructional design, characterized by planning, preparation, participation, teledebriefing, learner assessment/feedback collection and additional learning, capable of developing the students' cognitive and affective skills. The relevant challenges to this context were also highlighted, configured by the need to obtain a sufficient technological structure for remotely transmitting the telesimulated scenario and an adequately trained faculty.

RESUMEN Objetivo mapear los pasos y componentes necesarios para la operacionalización de un diseño de telesimulación síncrona y observacional en el contexto del desarrollo de competencias clínicas dirigidas a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. Método scoping review respaldada por las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation y por los supuestos del método manual de Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews. La búsqueda se realizó en noviembre de 2021 en 13 bases de datos, totalizando nueve estudios en la muestra final, analizados mediante Análisis Temático. Resultados se desarrollaron dos categorías: etapas y componentes para la operacionalización de un diseño de telesimulación síncrona y observacional; y desafíos para implementar la telesimulación síncrona y observacional. Conclusión la puesta en funcionamiento de la telesimulación observacional y sincrónica ha sido respaldada por un diseño instruccional de seis pasos, caracterizado por planificación, preparación, participación, teledebriefing, evaluación del alumno/ recopilación de comentarios y aprendizaje adicional, capaz de desarrollar las habilidades cognitivas y afectivas del aprendiz. También se destacaron los desafíos relevantes a este contexto, configurados por la necesidad de obtener una estructura tecnológica suficiente para la transmisión remota del escenario telesimulado y un cuerpo docente adecuadamente capacitado.

RESUMO Objetivo mapear as etapas e componentes necessários para a operacionalização de um design de telessimulação síncrona e observacional no contexto do desenvolvimento de competências clínicas voltadas a estudantes e profissionais de saúde. Método scoping review sustentada pelas recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation e pelos pressupostos do método Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews' manual. Realizou-se a busca em novembro de 2021 em 13 bases de dados, totalizando nove estudos na amostra final, analisados por meio de Análise Temática. Resultados desenvolveram-se duas categorias: etapas e componentes para a operacionalização de um design de telessimulação síncrona e observacional; e desafios para implementar a telessimulação síncrona e observacional. Conclusão a operacionalização da telessimulação síncrona e observacional vem sendo sustentada por um design instrucional de seis etapas, caracterizadas pelo planejamento, preparação, participação, teledebriefing, avaliação do aprendiz/coleta de feedback e aprendizagem adicional, capazes de desenvolver as habilidades cognitivas e afetivas do aprendiz. Destacaram-se, ainda, os desafios pertinentes a este contexto, configurados pela necessidade de se obter uma estrutura tecnológica suficiente para transmissão remota do cenário telessimulado e um corpo docente adequadamente treinado.

Extent of self-regulated learning among allied health students in an online environment

Background@#The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused students to experience several challenges in their academic lives. A strategy that may assist in mitigating these challenges and facilitating students' positive adaptation to online learning is the promotion of self-regulated learning (SRL). However, SRL is underexplored in the context of health sciences students. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to describe the extent and examine the nature of SRL of allied health students in a fully remote learning environment. @*Methodology@#This is a cross-sectional online survey study. Data were collected online using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the extent and nature of SRL, respectively. @*Results@#Responses from 241 participants show that students had a mean self-regulated learning score of 82.80 out of 120 (SD=12.68). Of the dimensions of SRL, students had higher scores in environmental structuring, time management, and self-evaluation than the other dimensions. A six-factor second-order model of self-regulation showed adequate model-data fit (χ2=673.88, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.95, SRMR=0.09, RMSEA=0.09 [90% CI=0.08-0.09]). @*Conclusion@#Health science students showed a high level of SRL; SRL for these students is adequately measured using the six dimensions of goal setting, environmental structuring, tasks strategies, time management, help seeking, and self-evaluation. The results indicate the value of understanding the extent and nature of SRL as a first step in planning strategies to support learning and student success in remote environments.