Evolution of neonatal mortality by preventable causes over the past ten years in Espírito Santo State / Evolução da mortalidade neonatal por causas evitáveis no Espírito Santo ao longo de dez anos

Abstract Objectives: analyze neonatal mortality causes, highlighting the pteventable ones from 2008 to 2017, in Espírito Santo State and health regions. Methods: ecological study of temporal series on neonatal mortality using data from Mortality Information System and from Live Birth Information System. The death causes were classified based on the List of Avoidable Causes of Deaths due to Interventions of the Brazilian Health System. The temporal tendency was analyzed using linear regression. Results: the neonatal mortality rate reduced, approximately 5%, with a reduction of almost 27% in the late neonatal component. Approximately, 70% of neonatal deaths were preventable, with a higher frequency of reducible causes by adequate care at pregnancy, childbirth and to the newborn. The reduction was significant for adequate care for pregnant women in Espírito Santo and in Metropolitan Region and due to adequate care to the newborn in the South Region. Conclusions: the main causes of neonatal deaths were due inadequate care for women during pregnancy, at childbirth and to the newborn, despite the reduction in neonatal mortality over the past 10 years. This study may contribute to the planning of health policies to improve care for pregnant women, parturient and to the newborn.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar as causas da mortalidade neonatal, destacando as evitáveis, de 2008 a 2017, no Espírito Santo e regiões de saúde. Métodos: estudo ecológico, de série temporal, da mortalidade neonatal utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. As causas dos óbitos foram categorizadas conforme a Lista de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis por Intervenções no Âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. A tendência temporal foi analisada utilizando-se regressão linear Resultados: a taxa de mortalidade neonatal diminuiu, aproximadamente, 5%, com redução de quase 27%o no componente neonatal tardio. Aproximadamente, 70%o dos óbitos neonatais eram evitáveis, sendo mais frequente os evitáveis por adequada atenção à gestação, ao parto e ao recém-nascido. A redução foi significativa nas causas por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação no Espírito Santo e na região Metropolitana e por adequada atenção ao recém-nascido na região Sul. Conclusões: as principais causas dos óbitos neonatais foram por inadequada assistência à mulher na gestação, no parto e ao recém-nascido, apesar da redução na mortalidade neonatal nos últimos 10 anos. Tal estudo pode contribuirno planejamento de políticas de saúde para melhoria nos serviços que prestamatendimento à gestante, à parturiente e ao neonato.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Morbidity in Perforated Peptic Ulcer

PURPOSE: Emergency operations for perforated peptic ulcer are associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications. While several studies have investigated the impact of perioperative risk factors and underlying diseases on the postoperative morbidity after abdominal surgery, only a few have analyzed their role in perforated peptic ulcer disease. The purpose of this study was to determine any possible associations between postoperative morbidity and comorbid disease or perioperative risk factors in perforated peptic ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 142 consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for perforated peptic ulcer, at a single institution, between January 2005 and October 2010 were included in this study. The clinical data concerning the patient characteristics, operative methods, and complications were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: The postoperative morbidity rate associated with perforated peptic ulcer operations was 36.6% (52/142). Univariate analysis revealed that a long operating time, the open surgical method, age (> or =60), sex (female), high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and presence of preoperative shock were significant perioperative risk factors for postoperative morbidity. Significant comorbid risk factors included hypertension, diabetes mellitus and pulmonary disease. Multivariate analysis revealed a long operating time, the open surgical method, high ASA score and the presence of preoperative shock were all independent risk factors for the postoperative morbidity in perforated peptic ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: A high ASA score, preoperative shock, open surgery and long operating time of more than 150 minutes are high risk factors for morbidity. However, there is no association between postoperative morbidity and comorbid disease in patients with a perforated peptic ulcer.