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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 96(4): 487-494, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1135051

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence and associated factors with the performance of the Guthrie test, hearing, and red reflex screening tests in Brazil. Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study that analyzed data on 5,231 children under 2 years of age participating in the National Health Survey of 2013. The study described the prevalence and Confidence Intervals (95% CI) of the three neonatal screening tests performed, in any period, and their association with the country's regions, skin color/ethnicity, private health insurance, and per capita household income. Logistic regression models were used, and odds ratios were calculated by incorporating sample weights. Results: The prevalence of Guthrie test screening in Brazil at any time of life was 96.5%, that of the newborn hearing screening was 65.8% and that of the red reflex screening test was 60.4%. The performance of the three screening tests was significantly higher among children whose mothers/guardians reported higher per capita household income, who lived in the South and Southeast regions, and who had private health insurance (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the performance of the tests according to skin color/ethnicity (p > 0.05). The same inequalities were verified when the tests were performed during the recommended periods, with a strong socioeconomic gradient. Conclusions: There are inequalities in the performance of neonatal screening tests in the country, and also in the performance of these tests during the periods established in the governmental guidelines. The guarantee of the performance of these tests in a universal and public health system, as in Brazil, should promote equity and access to the entire population.


Resumo Objetivo: Identificar prevalência e fatores associados à realização dos testes do pezinho, da orelhinha e do olhinho no Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal analítico de base populacional que analisou os dados de 5.231 crianças menores de dois anos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013). Foram descritas prevalências e intervalos de confiança (95% IC) da realização dos três testes de triagem neonatal, em qualquer período, e sua associação com as regiões do país, cor/etnia, posse de plano de saúde e renda domiciliar per capita. Empregaram-se modelos de regressão logística e calcularam-se as odds ratio e incorporaram-se os pesos amostrais. Resultados: A prevalência de realização do teste do pezinho no Brasil em qualquer momento de vida foi de 96,5%; do teste da orelhinha de 65,8% e do teste do olhinho de 60,4%. A realização dos três testes de triagem foi significativamente maior entre as crianças cujas mães/responsáveis reportaram maior renda domiciliar per capita, residiam nas regiões Sul e Sudeste e tinham plano de saúde (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na realização dos testes segundo cor/etnia (p > 0,05). As mesmas desigualdades foram verificadas para a realização dos testes no período preconizado, com forte gradiente socioeconômica. Conclusões: Existem desigualdades na realização dos testes de triagem neonatal no país e, também, na realização desses dentro dos prazos previstos nas diretrizes governamentais. A garantia desses testes em um sistema universal e público como no Brasil deveria promover a equidade e o acesso a toda a população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Neonatal Screening , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Saúde Soc ; 27(3): 682-692, jul.-set. 2018.
Article in French | LILACS | ID: biblio-979205

ABSTRACT

Résumé La France n'a jamais autant compté de médecins qu'aujourd'hui. Pourtant, le système de santé français se caractérise par une répartition très inégale de l'offre de soins, si bien que l'accès aux soins médicaux devient plus difficile pour des fractions croissantes de la population. Cette situation apparaît d'autant plus surprenante qu'à partir des années 1970, quand l'État français s'est doté d'instruments supposés réguler le nombre de médecins exerçant en France, tant au niveau de leur effectif global que de leur répartition entre disciplines. En outre, à partir des années 2000, les pouvoirs publics ont multiplié les mesures visant à favoriser une meilleure répartition géographique des médecins. Pour comprendre l'échec de ces mesures, cet article étudie les logiques sociales et politiques qui ont été prédominantes dans leur adoption et leur mise en œuvre. S'appuyant principalement sur des archives administratives, il décrit comment l'État français, en relation étroite avec le corps médical, a défini le problème de la démographie médicale à partir du début des années 1960, et quelles réponses successives il lui a apportées sans parvenir à le résoudre.


Abstract France has never had as many doctors as today. However, the French healthcare system is characterized by a very unequal distribution of healthcare provision, so that access to medical care becomes more difficult for growing sections of the population. This situation is all the more surprising given that, since the 1970s, the French state has equipped itself with instruments supposed to regulate the number of doctors practicing in France, both in terms of their overall workforce and their distribution between disciplines. In addition, since the 2000s, the public authorities have stepped up measures to encourage a better geographical distribution of doctors. To understand the failure of these measures, this article examines the social and political logics that have been predominant in their adoption and implementation. Based mainly on administrative records, it describes how the French state, in close relationship with the medical profession, defined the problem of medical demography from the early 1960s onwards, and what successive responses it has given it without succeeding in solving it.


Resumo A França nunca teve mais médicos do que atualmente. Contudo, o sistema de saúde francês é caracterizado por uma distribuição muito desigual da oferta de cuidados, tanto que o acesso a cuidados médicos se torna mais difícil para segmentos cada vez maiores da população. Esta situação é ainda mais surpreendente desde os anos 1970, quando o Estado francês adquiriu instrumentos que deveriam regular o número de médicos em exercício no país, tanto em termos de sua força de trabalho geral quanto de sua distribuição entre especialidades. Por outro lado, desde o início dos anos 2000, os governos aumentaram as medidas para promover uma melhor distribuição geográfica dos médicos. Para entender o fracasso dessas medidas, este artigo estuda as lógicas sociais e políticas que foram predominantes em sua adoção e implementação. Baseando-se principalmente em arquivos administrativos, descreve-se como o Estado francês, em estreita relação com a comunidade médica, definiu o problema da demografia médica desde o início da década de 1960, e quais sucessivas respostas ele trouxe, sem conseguir resolver o problema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physicians/supply & distribution , Public Policy , State , Health Status Disparities , Health Services Accessibility , France
3.
Salud colect ; 13(3): 411-427, jul.-sep. 2017. graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903700

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza una contradicción enfrentada por los gobiernos de izquierda de América Latina en sus esfuerzos por transformar la salud en un derecho social fundamental. Las políticas y prácticas que confrontan las desigualdades en salud, en general, no llegan a dirigirse a las inequidades en salud y comunicación; las distribuciones jerárquicas de los derechos dan forma al conocimiento legítimo en salud. El artículo presenta un análisis etnográfico sobre la epidemia de una enfermedad misteriosa -identificada clínicamente como rabia trasmitida por murciélagos- en la selva del Delta Amacuro en Venezuela, en 2007-2008, centrado en cómo los padres y las madres que perdieron entre 1 y 3 hijos e hijas lidian con inequidades agudas en salud y comunicación en entornos clínicos, investigaciones epidemiológicas, trabajo con sanadores/as, la cobertura de las noticias, las políticas de salud y la comunicación en salud. A partir de demandas por parte de los y las residentes de la selva por una justicia comunicativa en salud, el análisis utiliza la noción de autoatención propuesta por Menéndez para explorar cómo la labor en salud y comunicación se coproduce con la labor de cuidado.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes a contradiction facing efforts by left-leaning governments in Latin America to transform health into a fundamental social right. Policies and practices that confront health inequities generally fail to address health/communicative inequities, hierarchical distributions of rights to shape what counts as legitimate knowledge of health. This ethnographic analysis focuses on an epidemic of a mysterious disease - identified clinically as bat-transmitted rabies - in the Delta Amacuro rainforest of Venezuela in 2007-2008, tracing how parents who lost 1-3 children faced acute health/communicative inequities in clinical settings, epidemiological investigations, work with healers, news coverage, health policy, and health communication. Taking as a point of departure rainforest residents' demands for communicative justice in health, the analysis draws on Menéndez's notion of autoatención in exploring how health/communicative labor is co-produced with the labor of care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Justice , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology , Communication Barriers , Healthcare Disparities/ethnology , Culturally Competent Care/ethnology , Health Policy , Health Services, Indigenous , Rabies/epidemiology , Venezuela , Indians, Central American , Health Status Disparities , Epidemics , Anthropology, Cultural
4.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 68(2): 128-134, Apr.-June 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900747

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Hacer una reflexión sobre el concepto de la atención humanizada del parto (AHP) y el desempeño diferencial del personal y las instituciones de salud según las condiciones clínicas y socioeconómicas de las maternas. Bajo la tesis de que la vivencia de la AHP es menos frecuente en gestantes adolescentes, de alto riego o de bajo nivel socioeconómico, se plantean una serie de preguntas que permiten al abordaje de los diferentes aspectos del AHP mediante una revisión de la literatura mundial que aborda este tema. Se encuentra que la AHP, no obstante estar definida y contenida en documentos y guías de atención de organizaciones internacionales y nacionales que proclaman su aplicación en toda gestante durante el control prenatal, el trabajo de parto y parto, no beneficia de igual manera a todas las mujeres. Se presentan estudios que aportan ejemplos en los cuales la vivencia de la AHP es menos frecuente en gestantes adolescentes, de alto riesgo o de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Estas desigualdades podrían configurar o agudizar inequidades, en detrimento de la salud de mujeres en desventaja, quienes deberían ser objeto de mayor cuidado dadas sus condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Conclusiones: La desigualdad en la vivencia de la AHP según edad, riesgo y nivel socioeconómico evidencia inequidad en la atención de salud a mujeres en condiciones de pobreza y marginación. Se requiere el compromiso de los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones para construir escenarios equitativos de AHP.


ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the concept of humanised childbirth and the differential performance of healthcare staff and institutions according to the clinical, social and economic conditions of the mothers. A set of questions are asked by means of a review of the world literature on this topic, based on the premise that the experience of humanised childbirth is less frequent in adolescents, high-risk pregnancies or mothers of low socioeconomic condition. It has been found that, although humanised childbirth has been defined and appears in documents and care guidelines of international organisations proclaiming its application in every pregnant patient during prenatal follow-up, labour and delivery, it does not benefit all women equally. Studies are presented that provide examples where the experience of humanised childbirth is less frequent among adolescents, high risk pregnancies, or mothers of low socioeconomic level. These differences might constitute inequity, or worsen it, and they play out against the health of disadvantaged women who should in fact be subject to greater care, given their vulnerability. Conclusions: Inequalities in the experience of humanized birth depending on age, risk and socioeconomic level may be additional proof of inequity in healthcare for women in a situation of poverty and marginalization. Commitment on the part of healthcare practitioners and institutions alike is required in order to build equitable humanized childbirth conditions.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humanizing Delivery , Social Conditions
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(9): 3817-3827, set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600747

ABSTRACT

Este estudo compara a utilização de serviços de saúde segundo a situação no mercado de trabalho em três anos e investiga se estão associados após ajuste por características sócio-demográficas e presença de doença crônica. Foram estudados homens de 15 a 64 anos, incluídos na PNAD de 1998, 2003 e 2008 de acordo com a utilização de consulta médica e internação nos últimos 12 meses e visita ao dentista há menos de três anos. A associação entre a situação no mercado de trabalho e o uso de serviços de saúde em 2008 foi estimada pela regressão de Poisson. Foram estudados 33.726 homens. As prevalências de consulta médica e odontológica aumentaram ao longo do período, mas mantiveram-se mais elevadas entre os trabalhadores com proteção social. Desemprego e trabalho sem proteção social foram independente e negativamente associados à menor prevalência de consulta médica e odontológica em 2008. Conhecer as barreiras e aumentar a oferta de serviços com perfil de funcionamento adequado para quem trabalha é fundamental para tentar reduzir as iniquidades observadas. Por outro lado, promover a inserção no trabalho com garantias dos direitos sociais pode contribuir para a melhoria dos indicadores de saúde pública.


This study compares the use of health services among economically active men according to labor market status in the years 1998, 2003, 2008 and investigates whether both are associated after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and health indicators. All males aged 15 to 64, participating in the National Household Survey 1998, 2003 and 2008 were included. The association between labor market status and use of services in 2008 was estimated by Poisson regression. 33,726 males were surveyed and the prevalence of medical and dental care use was found to be higher among workers with social protection. The frequency of health care use increased over the period, but remained significantly higher among formally employed workers. Unemployment and work without social protection were negatively associated with medical and dental care visits. The socio-economic structure that establishes different social groups with unequal health conditions also affects the use of health services. Further investigation into the social and physical barriers to health care use by the unemployed and informal workers is required in order to reduce perceived health inequities.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Health Services , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors
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