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Abstract Objective To measure the average time for the diagnosis and for the therapeutic prescription of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at a hospital in Botucatu Medical School - State University São Paulo, UNESP. Method A retrospective observational study was carried out by collecting data from the electronic medical records of patients over 18-years of age, who had a diagnostic polysomnography testing scheduled between January and December 2017. Result Of the 347 patients eligible for the study, 94 (27.1%) missed follow-up and 103 (29.7%) had a referral for CPAP use. Until February 2021, only 37 (35.9%) of these patients had already acquired and were using the device, the remaining 66 (64.1%) were waiting or gave up the therapy. The mean value of the waiting time interval between the referral of the diagnostic test and its performance was equivalent to 197 days (6.5 months). The mean time between diagnostic polysomnography and CPAP prescription was 440-days (14.5-months), with a total mean time of 624 days (21-months). Conclusion As in other services, the diagnostic-therapeutic flow proved to be highly inefficient, with a long waiting period, difficult access to treatment and a high dropout rate. These findings highlight the need to establish new patient-centered strategies with measures that speed up the flow and facilitate access to CPAP, in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Level of evidence Level 3 - Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study Recommendation B.
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RESUMEN El tránsito por el sinhogarismo está asociado a procesos de fuerte estigmatización que, en muchas ocasiones, tienen su reflejo en el trato que reciben por parte de las y los profesionales y del propio sistema de atención en salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias que tuvieron en el sistema sanitario las y los participantes de un programa para personas sin hogar en Barcelona llamado Primer la Llar, y cómo el estigma que sufren estas personas llega a condicionar los procesos de atención. Dicho programa sigue el modelo Housing First, una intervención social que propone la entrada a una vivienda sin condiciones previas a personas con largas trayectorias de vida en la calle, que sufren trastornos mentales graves y/o adicciones. A partir de entrevistas individuales con 20 participantes, realizadas entre 2016 y 2020, se observa que, en determinados casos, el ingreso en el programa, la disponibilidad de una vivienda, el soporte de profesionales y el desarrollo de estrategias propias tuvieron efectos positivos en la mejora de su salud, aunque continúan percibiendo actitudes discriminatorias en algunos espacios médicos. Se plantea la necesidad de que la transformación respecto a la estigmatización sea entendida en un sentido amplio, en las personas, en las instituciones y en la sociedad.
ABSTRACT The experience of homelessness is associated with strong stigmatization processes, which are often reflected in the treatment received from professionals and the healthcare system itself. This article aims to analyze the experiences of participants in a program for homeless individuals in Barcelona called Primer la Llar within the healthcare system, and how the stigma they suffer affects the care processes. This program follows the Housing First model, a social intervention that proposes providing housing without preconditions to individuals with long histories of street living, who suffer from severe mental disorders and/or addictions. Based on individual interviews with 20 participants conducted between 2016 and 2020, it is observed that in certain cases, entering the program, having housing availability, support from professionals, and the development of their own strategies had positive effects on improving their health, although they continue to perceive discriminatory attitudes in some medical settings. It is suggested that the transformation regarding stigmatization be understood broadly, affecting individuals, institutions, and society as a whole.
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This study aims at reporting the indigenous knowledge of the medicinal flora from the inhabitants of surroundings of the World's largest artificial planted forest "Changa Manga", Pakistan. Data were collected by direct interviews and group meetings from 81 inhabitants including 32 local healers having information regarding the use of indigenous medicinal plants over a period of one year. Different statistical tools were applied to analyze the data including Frequency citation (FC), Relative frequency citation (RFC), Use Value, Factor of informants consensus and fidelity level. This study reported 73 plant species belonging to 37 plant families and 46 genera. The majority of plant species belong to compositae family. The most commonly used medicinal plants were P. hysterophorus L., P. dactylifera L., S. indicum L, P. harmala L., P. emblica L., and A. indica A.Juss. The greatest number of species was used to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The highest fidelity level (68.18%) was of E. helioscopia to cure gastrointestinal disorders. Maximum fresh uses (17) were reported by C. dactylon (L.) Pars. While the highest number of species reporting fresh uses in similar number was 13. In this study, five novel plants are being reported for the first time in Pakistan for their ethnomedicinal worth. Our data reflect unique usage of the medicinal plants in the study area. The statistical tools used in the study proved useful in pointing the most important and disease category specific plants. High use value plant and the new reported medicinal plants might prove an important source of the isolation of pharmacologically active compounds.
Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o conhecimento indígena sobre a flora medicinal dos habitantes do entorno da maior floresta artificial plantada do mundo, a Changa Manga, no Paquistão. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas diretas e reuniões em grupo de 81 habitantes, incluindo 32 curandeiros locais, com informações sobre o uso de plantas medicinais indígenas durante o período de um ano. Diferentes ferramentas estatísticas foram aplicadas para analisar os dados, incluindo citação de frequência (FC), citação de frequência relativa (RFC), valor de uso, fator de consenso dos informantes e nível de fidelidade. Este estudo relatou 73 espécies de plantas pertencentes a 37 famílias de plantas e 46 gêneros. A maioria das espécies de plantas pertence à família Compositae. As plantas medicinais mais utilizadas foram P. hysterophorus L., P. dactylifera L., S. indicum L., P. harmala L., P. emblica L. e A. indica A. Juss. O maior número de espécies foi usado para curar distúrbios gastrointestinais. O maior nível de fidelidade (68,18%) foi de E. helioscopia para cura de distúrbios gastrointestinais. Os usos máximos em fresco (17) foram relatados por C. dactylon (L.) Pars. enquanto o maior número de espécies relatando usos frescos em número semelhante foi de 13. Neste estudo, cinco novas plantas estão sendo relatadas pela primeira vez no Paquistão por seu valor etnomedicinal. Nossos dados refletem o uso exclusivo das plantas medicinais na área de estudo. As ferramentas estatísticas utilizadas no estudo mostraram-se úteis para apontar as plantas mais importantes e específicas da categoria de doença. Plantas de alto valor de uso e as novas plantas medicinais relatadas podem ser uma importante fonte de isolamento de compostos farmacologicamente ativos.
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Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Forests , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Indigenous Peoples , Medicine, Traditional , PakistanABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen un grave desafío en México, con efectos en la salud, sociedad y economía. Factores demográficos, epidemiológicos, nutricionales, sociales y económicos han agravado esta problemática. Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad y los años de vida saludable perdidos en México por sobrepeso y obesidad en el período de 1990 a 2021. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el Global Burden of Disease 2021 para analizar los datos sobre índice de masa corporal elevado como factor de riesgo y su evolución en México. Resultados: En 2021 se registraron 118 mil muertes atribuibles a índice de masa corporal elevado, que representaron 10.6 % del total de muertes y más de 4.2 millones de años de vida perdidos ajustados por discapacidad. Conclusiones: El ambiente obesogénico, influido por determinantes sociales, ha tenido un impacto significativo en la mortalidad, la carga de enfermedad y los costos económicos. Abordar el sobrepeso y la obesidad requiere intervenciones multisectoriales para fortalecer el sistema de salud mexicano.
Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) represent a serious challenge in Mexico, with effects on health, society and economy. Demographic, epidemiological, nutritional, social and economic factors have exacerbated this problem. Objective: To analyze mortality and years of healthy life lost in Mexico due to OW/OB in the 1990-2021 period. Material and methods: The Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors 2021 study was used to analyze data on elevated body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor and its evolution in Mexico. Results: In 2021, 118 thousand deaths attributable to high BMI were recorded, which accounted for 10.6% of total deaths and more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost. Conclusions: The obesogenic environment, influenced by social determinants of health, has had a significant impact on mortality, burden of disease, and economic costs. Addressing OW/OB requires multisector interventions to strengthen the Mexican health system.
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Objective: The study aimed to describe the profile and economic burden of patients with depression from the perspective of the Brazilian Private Healthcare System (PHS). Methods: A two-step methodological quantitative-qualitative research design was performed: retrospective descriptive analysis of the Orizon database of patients with at least one claim of depression (F33, F38, or F39) in PHS (2013-2019) and experienced physicians perspective from an expert meeting. Results: 1,802 patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria counted BRL 74,978 million across the 4-year period. Over this period, nearly 60% of patients had a medical appointment (6.6 appointments per patient, on average), 61% had a psychologist, 9.8% had a psychiatrist appointment, and an average of 115.2 exams and 8.7 emergency visits per patient were performed. According to the experts, the economic impact of depression is more significant when considering the indirect costs related to productivity loss and impairment in occupational and interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Identifying and diagnosing patients with depression and their real burden is challenging; even with significant costs identified in the claim database analyses in the Brazilian PHS, the real impact must be higher if indirect costs are considered. The depressive disorder should be prioritized in the Brazilian PHS to establish more adequate health policies.
Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil e a carga econômica de pacientes com depressão na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Foi realizado um projeto de pesquisa quantitativo-qualitativo metodológico em duas etapas: análise descritiva retrospectiva do banco de dados Orizon de pacientes com pelo menos uma alegação de depressão (F33, F38 ou F39) no PHS (2013- 2019) e perspectiva de médicos experientes de uma reunião de especialistas. Resultados: 1.802 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade totalizaram R$ 74,978 milhões no período de 4 anos. Nesse período, cerca de 60% dos pacientes tiveram consulta médica (6,6 consultas por paciente, em média), 61% tiveram psicólogo, 9,8% consulta com psiquiatra e foram realizados em média 115,2 exames e 8,7 atendimentos de emergência por paciente . Segundo os especialistas, o impacto econômico da depressão é mais significativo quando considerados os custos indiretos relacionados à perda de produtividade e prejuízo no funcionamento ocupacional e interpessoal. Conclusão: Identificar e diagnosticar pacientes com depressão e sua real carga é desafiador; mesmo com custos significativos identificados nas análises da base de sinistros do SUS brasileiro, o impacto real deve ser maior se considerados os custos indiretos. O transtorno depressivo deve ser priorizado na APS brasileira para o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde mais adequadas.
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Costs and Cost Analysis , Depression , Supplemental HealthABSTRACT
Medical mistakes are any unintentional acts which are detrimental to patients' health, most of which have multiple causes or arise from the complexity of modern healthcare systems. Since no medical specialty is free of mistakes, training is needed beginning in undergraduate school to learn how to deal with them. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2522).
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Resumo O complexo perfil epidemiológico do país, o envelhecimento populacional e a proporção de pessoas com deficiência apontam para o aumento substancial da demanda por reabilitação. Nesse contexto, foi analisada a distribuição espaço-temporal da oferta de profissionais de fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2007 a 2019 nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foram utilizados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos em Saúde, as estimativas censitárias do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e calculados os indicadores da oferta potencial de profissionais e sua evolução relativa. Foi realizada a distribuição espacial da evolução relativa da oferta potencial de profissionais. Para a análise da tendência temporal, adotou-se o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Houve tendência temporal crescente na oferta potencial das três categorias profissionais no Brasil e em todas as regiões, mas com uma desaceleração do crescimento. Observaram-se diferenciais entre as profissões e as regiões do país, representando um quadro de desigualdade de oferta que precisa ser superado. Resultados que podem subsidiar o controle social e o planejamento nacional para a ampliação do acesso aos serviços de reabilitação
Abstract The complex epidemiological profile of Brazil, the aging population and the proportion of individuals with disabilities have led to a substantial increase in the demand for rehabilitation. The spatiotemporal distribution of the offer of physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy in the Brazilian public healthcare system from 2007 to 2019 was analyzed for the five macro-regions of the country. Data from the National Register of Health Establishments and census estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Indicators of the offer of professionals in these fields services and relative changes in the offer were calculated. The spatial distribution of the relative change in the offer was also determined. A regression model with inflection points was adopted for the analysis of the temporal trend. A growing temporal trend was found in the offer of the three professionals in Brazil as a whole and in all regions of the country, but with a slowdown in growth. Differences were observed in the offer among the regions of the country, revealing healthcare inequality that needs to be overcome. The present findings can assist in planning to expand access to rehabilitation services in the country.
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With the background of establishing a community of common health for mankind,to secure global public health safety and enhancing health status are the common concerns to all nations in the world.To develop primary health care system is the most important strategy.China has achieved remarkable progress in health system development over the past seven decades,especially in strengthening primary health care system,which have been highly appraised by international society.This paper presents synthesis of China's experiences in developing and supporting rural health security system,tiered health care delivery system and essential public health package,followed by discusses on policy implications for other settings.
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Poland has a unique history of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dating back to the 17th century when Polish missionary Michael (Michał) Boym was a pioneer in the field. In the 20th century, his successor, Professor Zbigniew Garnuszewski, reintroduced acupuncture to medical practice in Poland. However, other methods of TCM and its holistic approach to patient care have not found their place in modern medicine in Poland. At present, the legal status of TCM in Poland remains unregulated, with TCM included in the broad spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices. Few reports are available on the use of TCM methods among the Polish population. Integrative medicine combines conventional medicine with evidence-based CAM interventions and considers all aspects of a patient's health, including physical, emotional, mental, social, and environmental factors. An integrative healthcare model that incorporates TCM modalities and lifestyle recommendations as well as a whole person approach may provide a more sustainable solution for the constantly underfinanced Polish healthcare system, which faces challenges of multimorbidity in an aging society and limited access to care. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, war in Ukraine, and ongoing climate crisis have underscored the need to strengthen the resilience of the Polish healthcare system and search for new solutions. A model of care that blends the best of biomedicine and TCM healing approaches may be a better option for both patients and the healthcare system in Poland. Please cite this article as: Rybicka M, Zhao J, Piotrowicz K, Ptasnik S, Mitka K, Kocot-Kępska M, Hui KK. Promoting whole person health: Exploring the role of traditional Chinese medicine in Polish healthcare. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 509-517.
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Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Poland , Holistic Health , Complementary Therapies/psychology , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Resumo O SUS trouxe os princípios de universalidade, integralidade e equidade para nortear as ações e os serviços de saúde, que devem ser livres de preconceito e discriminação. A rede formal de cuidados foi compreendida como a que está institucionalizada e a rede informal é uma rede afetiva. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender o acesso à rede de cuidados à saúde na percepção de transexuais em um município da Zona da Mata mineira, por meio da abordagem metodológica qualitativa com estudo descritivo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito pessoas transexuais. As informações foram analisadas por meio da hermenêutica-dialética. Foram identificadas como barreiras à rede formal de cuidados o desrespeito ao uso do nome social nos serviços de saúde e o preconceito dos profissionais. Buscam-se cuidados e informações sobre uso de hormônios nas redes informais. A rede informal acolhe, mas a busca por cuidados somente nessas redes pode trazer riscos à saúde. A pesquisa evidenciou a existência de uma forte rede afetiva no município e a necessidade do estabelecimento de uma sólida rede formal de cuidados para a população transexual com ampla participação da rede informal. A rede formal é instável e não atende as necessidades de saúde dessa população.
Abstract SUS brought the principles of universality, integrality, and equity to guide health actions and services, which must be free from any form of prejudice and discrimination. The formal care network was understood as the one that is institutionalized, and the informal network is an affective network. This research aimed to understand the access to the health care network in the perception of transsexuals in a municipality in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, through the qualitative methodological approach with descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight transsexual people. The information was analyzed using hermeneutics-dialectics. Barriers to the formal care network were disrespect to the use of the social name in health services, prejudice, and unpreparedness of professionals. Therefore, care and information on hormone use are sought in informal networks. The informal network welcomes, but the search for care only in these networks can bring health risks. The research showed the existence of a strong affective network in the municipality and the need to establish a solid formal care network for the transsexual population with wide participation in the informal network, since the formal network is unstable and does not meet health needs of that population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , User Embracement , Transsexualism , Qualitative Research , Gender Diversity , Health Services Accessibility/trendsABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine how the Indian health care system is performing relative to health care system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), given that it is facing sustained financial pressure, increasing population and demand for quality care. This is an observational study using secondary data from major international organizations, ministries of health, other government and non- government agencies in India and KSA. In order to measure the performance of health care systems, four domains such as population and healthcare coverage, healthcare spending, health system capacity and health status were considered. In comparison with KSA, India spends a very low expenditure on healthcare and markedly lower health workforce density. Due to lower healthcare expenditure, India's health services outcomes and health status are low compared to KSA. Although Indian healthcare system has undergone notable progress in the last two decades, it is lagging behind in many healthcare system parameters. If India wants to reach a high performing and a nation with good health outcomes comparable with other G20 member countries, it needs to invest more on primary healthcare, health workforce, strengthening public healthcare system, and prevention and treatment for non-communicable diseases.
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Introducción: la fibromialgia (FM) es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por dolor musculoesquelético y un espectro de síntomas somáticos. Se asocia a un alto costo y compromiso en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, razón por la que es necesaria una política pública en atención primaria de salud (APS) en Chile, que contribuya con el diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y seguimiento. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica narrativa centrada en las características de la FM, tratamiento y políticas públicas vigentes (Chile, España y Uru-guay), utilizando PubMed, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar y GreyLit. La búsqueda se realizó desde el 3 de septiembre al 11 de diciembre de 2020. Resultados: la prevalencia global de la FM alcanza el 2,7%, con una proporción mujeres y hombres de 3:1. Se estima una prevalencia entre 1 a 2% y un alto impacto en la calidad de vida y un alto costo asociado a discapacidad. Uruguay y España han implementado políticas públicas para FM, con enfoque principal en atención de salud integral y plan de reinserción laboral. En Chile, no existe la incorporación de la FM en ningún programa de salud que garantice el acceso y tratamiento. Conclusión: la FM es una enfermedad polisintomática, que impacta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Dada su prevalencia a nivel nacional, retraso en el diagnóstico e inicio de un tratamiento, se ve justificada una política pública. En el presente artículo se propone la creación de Unidades de Fibromialgia en APS, cuyas características consideren aspectos de interdisciplinaridad y territorialidad que permitan un acceso rápido a diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento, derivación oportuna a especialistas y educación a los pacientes y profesionales.
Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease related to a somatic symptoms spectrum. It is associated with high economic costs and the deterioration of patients' quality of life. That explains why a public policy in the primary healthcare system (PHS) is necessary for Chile to contribute to early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Methods: Narrative bibliographic review, focused on the FM clinical characteristics, their treatment, and current public policies about FM in Chile, Spain, and Uruguay. We utilized PubMed, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, and Greylist as search engines from September 3rd to December 11th, 2020. Results: The FM global prevalence is 2.7%, with a proportion female: male 3:1, and in Chile is between 1.1% to 3.9%, with a high impact on the quality of life and high cost related to disability. Uruguay and Spain have implemented public policies about FM, especially in diagnosis and treat-ment. In Chile, there are not any health programs that guarantee access and early treatment to FM. Conclusion: FM is a polysymptomatic disease, which impacts to quality of life of patients. Given its prevalence in Chile, and the delay in diagnosis and treatment, a public policy is justified. This article proposes the creation of Fibromyalgia Units in PHC whose characteristics consider aspects of interdisciplinary and territorial that allow access and opportune treatment to FM, follow-up, timely referral to specialists, and pain education to patients.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) barriers are well-understood in high-resource settings. However, they are under-studied in low-resource settings, where access is even poorer and the context is significantly different, including two-tiered healthcare systems and greater socioeconomic challenges. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in characteristics of patients attending publicly versus privately funded CR and their barriers to adherence. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, cross-sectional study in public and private CR programs offered in Brazil. METHODS: Patients who had been attending CR for ≥ 3 months were recruited from one publicly and one privately funded CR program. They completed assessments regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the CR Barriers Scale. RESULTS: From the public program, 74 patients were recruited, and from the private, 100. Participants in the public program had significantly lower educational attainment (P < 0.001) and lower socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). Participants in the private program had more cognitive impairment (P = 0.015), and in the public program more anxiety (P = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.008) than their counterparts. Total barriers among public CR participants were significantly higher than those among private CR participants (1.34 ± 0.26 versus 1.23 ± 0.15/5]; P = 0.003), as were scores on 3 out of 5 subscales, namely: comorbidities/functional status (P = 0.027), perceived need (P < 0.001) and access (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Publicly funded programs need to be tailored to meet their patients' requirements, through consideration of educational and psychosocial matters, and be amenable to mitigation of patient barriers relating to presence of comorbidities and poorer health status.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Rehabilitation , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Abstract We analyze how the interactions between the trans population and the Chilean healthcare system shape specific processes of malaise associated with gender transition ("tránsito de género"). Adopting psychoanalytic and transfeminist conceptual approaches, as well as a biographical methodology, we examine autobiographical narratives of three trans subjects. We discuss three topics: childhood as a critical period for gender transition and malaise; the role of institutions; and the ways through which subjects manage malaise. We argue that trans subjects face specific sociocultural conditions that lead to unique processes of malaise associated with gender transition. We show how politicization and the construction of an institutional framework, bodily aesthetical modifications, and the self-administration of medical knowledge emerge as some of the paths to navigate the gender transition process. Besides, we foreground the notion of "transitioning" ("transicionar") by considering the criticism voiced by the participants. By using this notion, they interrogate the rigidity and psychopathologization of identity that is implicitly present in the notion of gender transition, as well as they enrich the transfeminist discourse in favor of their agency/autonomy.
Resumo Analisamos como as interações entre a população trans e o sistema de saúde chileno conformam processos específicos de mal-estar associados à transição de gênero ("tránsito de género"). Adotando abordagens conceituais psicanalíticas e transfeministas, bem como uma metodologia biográfica, examinamos narrativas autobiográficas de três sujeitos trans. Discutimos três tópicos: a infância como um período crítico para a transição e mal-estar de gênero; o papel das instituições; e as maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos lidam com o mal-estar. Argumentamos que sujeitos trans enfrentam condições socioculturais específicas que levam a processos únicos de mal-estar associados à transição de gênero. Mostramos como a politização e a construção de um arcabouço institucional, as modificações estéticas corporais e a autogestão do saber médico surgem como alguns dos caminhos para navegar o processo de transição de gênero. Além disso, colocamos em primeiro plano a noção de "transição" ("transicionar") considerando as críticas expressas pelos participantes. Ao utilizar essa noção, interrogam a rigidez e a psicopatologização da identidade que está implicitamente presente na noção de transição de gênero, bem como enriquecem o discurso transfeminista em favor de sua agência/autonomia.
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Humans , Child , Gender Identity , Health Services , Chile , Delivery of Health Care , NarrationABSTRACT
La pandemia de COVID-19 generó en la comunidad odon- tológica argentina un profundo desconcierto e incertidumbre frente a su práctica profesional, su economía y su cuidado. Mediante un cuestionario difundido a través de redes so- ciales en octubre de 2020, se formularon preguntas vinculadas al ejercicio profesional en ese contexto y otras en las que se incluyeron variables referidas a signos de ansiedad, depresión y resiliencia. Los odontólogos presentaron signos de estrés, ansiedad, tensión emocional, dificultad para conciliar el sueño, senti- mientos de culpa y sensación de soledad. Manifestaron casi en su totalidad que su esfuerzo y el cuidado de su persona frente a este nuevo paradigma no son valorados por el sistema de salud y que se evidencia en la escasa retribución que perciben por sus prestaciones. Las conclusiones tienen el mandato del cambio pues los datos arrojados por la encuesta y el sentir manifestado con vehemencia y desolación ponen sobre la mesa la necesidad de iniciar una nueva etapa (AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic created a profound state of be- wilderment and uncertainty among dentists regarding their professional practice, economy and personal care. An online survey posted on social media in October 2020 asked ques- tions about professional practice in this context and other variables such as signs of anxiety, depression and resilience. Dentists reported signs of stress, anxiety, emotional tension, difficulty to get to sleep, and feelings of guilt and loneliness. Most of them felt that the efforts they made to do their job and ensure their personal care in this new paradigm were not valued by the healthcare system, as reflected by the low compensation for their services. From the data obtained through the survey and the feelings of vehemence and grief expressed by respondents, it is concluded there is a need for action and change (AU)
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Humans , Professional Practice , Dental Care/standards , Dentists/psychology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Argentina , Self Care , Dentists/economics , COVID-19/economics , COVID-19/psychology , Occupational Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Qinghai province is located in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an underdeveloped province of inland China. Chinese government gives high priority to the improvement of the wellbeing of Qinghai people, and have provided great supports in aspects of policy, funding, and professional resource to the development of health care and medical system in Qinghai. Great progress has been made, and wellness of residents in Qinghai has been significantly improved. This article reviews the strategies and measures from central and provincial government in improving health care of Qinghai province under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Delivery of Health Care , GovernmentABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: este artículo tiene por objetivo estimar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Reacciones ante Experiencias de Trato Desigual en Salud de Baeza-Rivera (2015) y establecer si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre quienes se atienden en el sistema privado y público y la pertenencia o no a la etnia mapuche. Materiales y métodos: participaron 337 personas cuyo promedio de edad fue de 31 años, en su mayoría mujeres. El 57 % reportó ser usuario del sistema público de salud y el 32 % declaró su pertenencia a la etnia mapuche. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de confiabilidad y Anova factorial. Resultados: los hallazgos dan cuenta de un instrumento con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, que puede usarse en población con características similares a la muestra empleada. Además, se observa que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sistema de salud en que se atiende la persona y la pertenencia a la etnia mapuche. Conclusiones: el instrumento tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que presenta dos factores relacionados, que sirve para ser utilizado en contextos de salud, lo que permite comprender los procesos de salud-enfermedad.
Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Reactions to Experiences of Unequal Treatment in Health, from Baeza-Rivera (2015), and to determine any statistically significant differences between those using the private and public healthcare systems and those belonging to the Mapuche ethnic group. Materials and Methods: The Scale of Reactions to Experiences of Unequal Treatment in Health was used in 337 participants (mostly women) with a mean age of 31 years. Of these, 57% reportedly used the public healthcare system and 32% belonged to the Mapuche ethnic group. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha and factorial analysis of variance were conducted. Results: The findings demonstrated that this scale has ideal psychometric properties, such as reliability and factorial validity, and it can be used in a population with characteristics similar to those of the sample population used in this study. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed between those using the healthcare systems and those belonging to the Mapuche ethnic group. Conclusions: This scale shows adequate psychometric properties, such as the two related factors reliability and factorial validity, and can be used in health-related contexts, thus allowing for an understanding of health-disease processes.
Resumo Introdução: este artigo tem por objetivo estimar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Reações ante Experiências de Trato Desigual em Saúde, de Baeza-Rivera (2015), e estabelecer se existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre quem se atendem no sistema privado e público e a pertença ou não à etnia mapuche. Materiais e métodos: participaram 337 pessoas cuja média de idade foi de 31 anos, em sua maioria mulheres, 57% reportou ser usuário do sistema público de saúde e 32% declarou pertencer à etnia mapuche. Se realizou análise fatorial exploratório, análise de confiabilidade e a Anova fatorial. Resultados: se conta com um instrumento com adequadas propriedades psicométricas, que pode ser utilizado em população com características similares à amostra utilizada. Adicionalmente, se observa que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas em função do sistema de saúde em que se atende a pessoa e a pertença ou não a etnia mapuche. Conclusões: o instrumento tem adequadas propriedades psicométricas, apresenta dois fatores relacionados, e serve para ser utilizado em contextos de saúde, permitindo compreender os processos de saúde-doença.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Health Services Accessibility , Psychometrics , RacismABSTRACT
Abstract Considering the growing number of cases requiring emergency care as a result of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro, this study focuses on mapping the health infrastructure of the municipalities of the state, comparing the Structure Efficiency Index (IEE) before (2016) and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The article fills a gap in the academic literature, informing public health policies specialists and technicians, as well as policy and decision-makers, about the capacity of municipalities to face the problem. We calculated the Structure Efficiency Index (IEE) of the states' 92 municipalities and positioned them on the pandemic curve. It was possible to verify that the government of the State of Rio de Janeiro needs to start acting to suppress COVID-19, maintaining the policy of providing more hospital beds, and purchasing equipment. However, it is also necessary to consider the particularities and deficiencies of each region, as the policy to transfer patients to places with available beds can contribute to the spread of the disease.
Resumen Considerando el número creciente de casos de atención de emergencia procedentes del SARS-CoV-2, en el estado de Río de Janeiro, este estudio se centra en el mapeo de la infraestructura de salud en los municipios de dicho estado, con el fin de informar a los especialistas, técnicos, formuladores y tomadores de decisiones de políticas de salud pública sobre la capacidad de cada localidad para enfrentar el problema. Para esto, calculamos el índice de eficiencia de estructura (IEE) colocando los 92 municipios del estado en la curva de la pandemia. Se pudo verificar que el Gobierno del Estado de Río de Janeiro debe comenzar a actuar para suprimir la COVID-19 manteniendo la política de apertura o reapertura de camas y adquisición de equipos. Sin embargo, también se deben considerar las particularidades y deficiencias de cada región, ya que la política de traslado de pacientes postrados a otras regiones con camas disponibles puede propagar la enfermedad.
Resumo Considerando um número crescente de casos de atendimento de emergência, provenientes do SARS-CoV-2, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o presente estudo se concentra no mapeamento da infraestrutura de saúde nos municípios do Estado, comparando o Índice de Eficiência em Estrutura antes (2016) e após a pandemia da COVID-19. O artigo preenche uma lacuna acadêmica ao informar aos especialistas, técnicos, formuladores e tomadores de decisão de políticas públicas de saúde, sobre a capacidade de cada localidade para enfrentar o problema. Para isso, calculamos o Índice de Eficiência da Estrutura (IEE), alocando os 92 municípios do Estado na curva de pandemia. Foi possível verificar que o Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro precisa começar a atuar na supressão da COVID-19, mantendo a política de abertura, ou reabertura, de leitos e aquisição de equipamentos. No entanto, também é necessário considerar as particularidades e deficiências de cada região, pois a política de transferência dos acamados para outras regiões com leitos disponíveis pode espalhar a doença.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Health Infrastructure , Health Systems , Coronavirus Infections , Municipal Management , Health Management , EfficiencyABSTRACT
Abstract COVID-19 arrived to Latin America early in March 2020. Currently, strategies are being developed in Colombia focusing on the quarantine and social and economic capital reactivation, whereby the expected results are not being obtained. In this article, we propose to review scientific evidence-based literature where information on the operation and adaptation of health systems, and social, economic and solidarity sectors of Colombia is presented. The purpose is to identify COVID-19 implications in the network that provides health services, quality of life and health-disease prognosis in the country, which is not prepared to face crises of social nature and of health systems, as well as the economic and solidarity impacts that are brought about by pandemics and crude episodes of disease.
Resumen COVID-19 llegó a Latinoamérica a principios de marzo de 2020. Actualmente, en Colombia se desarrollan estrategias enfocadas en la cuarentena y la reactivación del capital social y económico, con las cuales no se están obteniendo los resultados esperados. En este artículo se propone revisar literatura basada en evidencia científica en la que se exponga información del funcionamiento y adaptación de los sistemas de salud, sectores sociales, económicos y solidarios de Colombia. El objetivo es identificar las implicaciones de COVID-19 en la red prestadora de servicios de salud, calidad de vida, pronóstico de salud-enfermedad en el país, el cual no está preparado para afrontar crisis de orden social, de sistemas de salud e impactos económicos y solidarios que conllevan las pandemias y episodios graves de enfermedad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Public Health , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Quality of Life , Colombia/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus epidemic, novel coronavirus has infected nearly 100,000 people in more than 110 countries. How to face this new coronavirus epidemic outbreak is an important issue. Basic reproduction number (R0) is an important parameter in epidemiology; The basic reproduction number of an infection can be thought of as the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. Epidemiology dynamics is a mathematical model based on a susceptibility-infection-recovery epidemic model. Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. In this review, the early use of TCM for light and ordinary patients, can rapidly improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization days and reduce severe cases transformed from light and normal. Many TCM formulas and products have wide application in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The TCM theoretical system of treating epidemic diseases with TCM and the treatment scheme of integrated Chinese and Western medicine have proved their effectiveness in clinical practice. TCM can cure COVID-19 pneumonia, and also shows that the role of TCM in blocking the progress of COVID-19 pneumonia.