New development of EU health strategy: Implementation characteristics and policy implications of EU Health / 公共卫生与预防医学

The EU is a joint political and economic community organization of many countries. The formulation and implementation of its health strategy need to take into account the differences in the development level of public health among its member countries. Since 2003, the EU has completed the implementation of the third-generation health strategy and launched the fourth-generation health strategy in June 2021. Compared with previous generations of health strategies, EU4Health not only includes targeted measures to cope with COVID-19, but also analyzes the current health challenges in the EU, pointing out the direction for the future development of health in the EU. By introducing the basic health situation of the EU, sorting out the development process, content, and strategic indicators of the EU health strategy, and analyzing the implementation characteristics of EU4Health in the EU, this article aims to provide inspiration for the implementation and further improvement of the “Healthy China” strategy.

On the Medical Justice View based on People’s Health / 中国医学伦理学

Medical justice is the concrete embodiment of social equity and justice in the field of medical care. The socialist system is a strong guarantee to solve the problem of medical justice. Basic medical service, which "guaranteed by the government, fairly obtained by all the people", is an inevitable requirement of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The development of health and wellness in the new era should establish the core value concept of "taking people’s health as the center", take the "great health concept" as the guide, construct the medical justice concept based on people’s health, so as to provide a solid ideological guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of Healthy China, and then contribute to the Chinese model and Chinese scheme for global health governance. The main contents of medical justice based on people’s health should include fair medical treatment, accessible medical treatment and public welfare medical treatment. Its implementation path are: promoting the equalization of basic public medical services in urban and rural areas, continuously pressing forward the fairness of medical resource allocation; giving priority to people’s health and ensuring the justice of medical management system; coordinating the imbalance between doctors and patients effectively, and effectively promote the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.

Research on the Significance and Path of Standardizing Patients’ Obligations from the Perspective of Building the Community of Doctor-patient / 中国医学伦理学

One of the crux of the problem of doctor-patient relationship is the uneven division of rights and obligations between doctors and patients. Among them, it is significantly essential to emphasize the patient’s obligation as a weak point. The reasons cover many aspects. On the one hand, it is of great significance to standardize patient obligations: the definition of patients’ obligations is better health protection for patients; the emphasis on patients’ obligations is the moral support for doctors’ responsibilities; the fulfillment of patients’ obligations promotes the win-win interests of doctors and patients. On the other hand, the current situation of standardizing patients’ obligations is not optimistic: the provisions of patients’ obligations in existing laws and regulations are not ideal; the current ethical discussion on patient obligations also needs to be deepened. Therefore, in order to standardize patients’ obligations, build harmonious doctor-patient relationship and build a community of doctor-patient, this paper put forward specific suggestions from three aspects: improving laws and regulations, standardizing the management of medical institutions and enhancing patients’ literacy.

Reconstruction of "Public" Ethic in Health Care under the Strategy of Healthy China / 中国医学伦理学

The Healthy China Strategy launched by China is not only a practical policy, but also an ethical revolution in the field of health. Under the Healthy China Strategy, the health field and its sub-field health care are defined as areas with "public" ethics as the fundamental ethical principles. Reconstructing the health care with "public" ethics should get rid of the health care oriented market lead and technical lead, and return to its "public" nature. In terms of concrete realization, the state and the government need to be the power backing of the "public" ethics of the health and medical care, the reconstructing must be leaded by Chinese Communist Party, and the fundamental realization of the "public" ethics of the health and medical care should take the institutions as the fundamental approach.

Sports and health integration: logic, dilemma and alleviation / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

By combing out the historical development logic of sports and health integration and the current development achievement, the underlying logic of sports and health integration is described systematically in multiple dimensions, and the prominent dilemmas in development are analyzed as follows: lack of residents' health literacy, excessive dependence on medical treatment, low bridging of talent team construction, lack of the guidance of funds centralization, insufficient financial support, imperfect management system and mechanism, and unspecific departmental collaboration.The strategies for solving the problems are as follows: strengthening the integration of sports science and clinical medicine, consolidating the technical integration of sports prescription and clinical standardization process, further improving the business integration of exercise intervention and clinical treatment, and enhancing the industrial integration of sports products and medical treatment.

Research on the Integration of Fine Traditional Chinese Culture into Humanistic Education of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Humanistic education for medical students is an important part of medical professionals training in the new era. Improving medical students’ humanistic quality is of great significance for building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. The fine traditional Chinese culture is broad and profound, has a long history, and contains rich philosophical thinking, values and moral sentiments. It is the wisdom crystallization of Chinese civilization and an important resource for humanistic education of medical students. To promote the humanistic education of medical students, medical colleges and universities should deeply explore the connotation of fine traditional Chinese culture, give play to the educational value of fine traditional Chinese culture in the humanistic education of medical students, enhance the professional feelings of medical students, cultivate the empathy ability of medical students, and improve the moral cultivation of medical students. At the same time, it is necessary to break through the difficulties of integrating fine traditional Chinese culture into the humanistic education of medical students. Through enriching the educational content, expanding the educational platform, optimizing the integration mechanism, and creating an environmental atmosphere to constantly improve the effectiveness of humanistic education of medical students, cultivate medical professionals with ideals, courage to bear responsibility, ability to endure hardships and willingness to struggle in the new era, and serve the construction of a healthy China.

Analysis on the Connotation and Practice Path of Ideological and Political Construction of Medical Courses / 中国医学伦理学

The ideological and political construction of medical courses reveals the educational essence of "truth, goodness, and beauty" in medicine. Scientificity and humanity are the embodiment of "seeking truth" and "advocating goodness" in medicine, and the unity of their content and form reaches the highest level of "advocating beauty". Studying the ideological and political construction of medical courses plays an important role in implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and carrying out the Healthy China initiative. In terms of teaching objectives, the goals of ideological and political education in medical courses should not only include the goals of basic literacy goals, such as political literacy, cultural literacy, legal literacy, and moral cultivation, but also include professional literacy goals, such as medical humanistic cultivation. Thus, a "five in one" model of ideological and political education in medical courses will be established. In the practical path, it is suggested to explore from five aspects that changing the educational concept and strengthening the educational awareness, establishing teaching objectives and clarifying education direction, digging deeply into the ideological and political elements and clearing teaching content, innovating teaching methods and improving teaching effectiveness, and constructing evaluation indicators and evaluating teaching effectiveness scientifically.

Analysis on the Ethical Principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation Thought from the Perspective of Healthy China: Taking Master Lyu’s Spring and Autumn Annals as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

"Healthy China 2030" states that health is a necessary requirement for all-round human development and a basic condition for economic and social development. Achieving national health and longevity is an important symbol of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and also the common aspiration of the people of all ethnic groups in China. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health preservation has been fully integrated into the construction of "Healthy China", and the development of TCM health preservation culture and thought has a profound historical origin. Starting from the development of TCM health preservation culture thought and ethical principles, this paper analyzed the TCM health preservation thought contained in Master Lyu’s Spring and Autumn Annals, and further discussed and summarized the ethical principles contained in them, with a view to comprehensively and systematically promoting the development of TCM health preservation culture and providing a theoretical basis for people to use health preservation ethical principles to achieve physical fitness, disease prevention and longevity.

Reflection on Improving College Students’ Health Literacy from the Perspective of Health Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

Contemporary college students have low levels of health literacy, facing problems such as weak awareness of health care, unhealthy diet habits, insufficient physical activity, and inadequate emergency response to public health emergencies. The reasons may be related to weak personal awareness of health literacy, imperfect health education system, shortage of health literacy education talents, lack of family health literacy education, and the insufficient social investment in health literacy cultivation. Faced with this current situation, the government, universities, families, individuals, and society should respond to the call of "Healthy China 2030" Plan Outline, regard improving college students’ health literacy level as their own responsibility, help them eliminate or reduce the risk factors affecting health, improve their health literacy level and quality of life, and contribute to the Healthy China strategy.

Practical Strategies for Health Education during Pregnancy and Childbirth Period in Foreign Countries and Their Implications to China / 中国医学伦理学

Under the macro background of the comprehensive liberalization of the "three-child policy" and the strengthening attention to the health of women and children, China has increasingly attached importance to the topic of women’s health education and made various attempts in health education during pregnancy and childbirth period, including traditional education, situational teaching, health lecture, health salon and other forms. However, there are still some problems, such as serious stereotype and homogenization, and rigid education. The effectiveness of health education during pregnancy and childbirth period needs to be improved. By drawing on the practical experience of health education during pregnancy and childbirth period abroad, this paper aimed to comprehensively improve maternal health literacy in China, and provide a assistance for building a healthy China.

Research on the Value Implications of Ethics Education of Science and Technology in Medical Colleges and Universities / 中国医学伦理学

In the new era, with the accelerated evolution of the information technology revolution and industrial transformation, scientific and technological innovation not only brings dividends and benefits to the world, but also brings serious challenges to human beings. To effectively cope with ethical challenges and avoid ethical risks effectively, systematically carrying out ethics education of science and technology in accordance with the times and circumstances to cultivate medical students’ upward and forward-looking ethics of science and technology for medical colleges and universities is necessary, feasible, scientific, and sustainable. Ethics education of science and technology in medical colleges and universities should take the guidance of respecting and seeking truth, adhere to the development concept of righteousness and innovation, take the red line and bottom line as the core action points, and regard the equal importance of the country and the people as the values adherence.

Analysis on the Development Dilemmas of Integrated Eldercare Services with Medical Care in China under the Healthy China Strategy / 中国医学伦理学

With the arrival of aging, various industries in society are facing great pressure, especially higher requirements for the medical and nursing industries. The integrated eldercare services with medical care breaks through the traditional endowment pattern and integrates medical treatment, elderly care, rehabilitation, and nursing. However, many factors hinder the development of this model at present, and it requires the cooperation of the country and various departments to improve. From the perspective of a Healthy China, based on the release and implementation of policies such as the "Healthy China 2030" Plan Outline and the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" , this paper briefly summarized the current status and existing problems of the development of integrated eldercare services with medical care in China, and put forward rectification suggestions, aiming to provide reference to build a new endowment pattern of integrated eldercare services with medical care with Chinese characteristics.

Advantages, development opportunities, and practice paths of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of elderly comorbidities / 中国中药杂志

This article focused on the significant public health issue of comorbidities in the elderly population and highlighted the important role of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the prevention and treatment of comorbidities in the elderly. It suggested that TCM should fully utilize its advantages in holistic perspective, syndrome differentiation and treatment, and preventive medicine in the process of preventing and treating comorbidities in the elderly. At the same time, in response to the significant shift in the disease spectrum of the elderly, the increasingly innovative concepts in diagnosis and treatment, the growing demand for proactive health by the el-derly population, and the current emphasis on patient-centered evaluation standards, it is necessary to further conduct basic theoretical and experimental research on comorbidities in the elderly using TCM, emphasize clinical research on comorbidities in the elderly, explore appropriate efficacy evaluation systems, improve TCM prevention and treatment strategies and comprehensive intervention programs for comorbidities in the elderly, and leverage the unique role of TCM in the rehabilitation of elderly comorbidity patients. By analyzing the potential of TCM in the field of comorbidities in the elderly, this article is expected to provide new insights for future clinical practice and scientific research.

Research on the concept of hospital health literacy based on proceduralised grounded theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To construct the concept and its conceptual framework of hospital health literacy(HHL) for exploring the HHL promotion mechanism in the country.Methods:Based on the proceduralised grounded theory, twelve middle or senior managers of hospitals were selected for in-depth interviews and three hospitals were selected for field research from July 2021 to February 2022. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used in data analysis, establishing the concept of HHL and its conceptual framework in China.Results:The conceptual framework of HHL was composed of an internal driver mechanism(hospitals improve their health literacy promotion management system, staff-led health literacy promotion, health literacy promoting physical environment construction), and an external driver mechanism(cooperate with external organizations and institutions to conduct health literacy promotion). The concept of HHL in China was derived as follows: the combination of supportive environments and human resources that health care organizations have in place can improve access and understandability of health information and simplify healthcare services to help patients of different health literacy levels more easily obtain, process, and understand health information as well as to make the most of medical services.Conclusions:Hospital health literacy promotion mechanism in China is a synergy between internal and external driver mechanisms.

Chinese adults′ cognition of respiratory diseases in Healthy China Initiative (2019—>2030) / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the cognition of Chinese adults on respiratory health in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030).Methods:From January 2022 to February 2022, the electronic questionnaire was distributed by using the two-dimensional code on the Wechat platform. The questionnaire involving the respiratory health part of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) was conducted among people aged ≥18 years (except pregnant and postpartum women) in 32 provincial administrative regions in China. A total of 5 892 questionnaires were distributed, 4 754 valid questionnaires were recovered. Chi square test was used to analyze the basic situation of the survey subjects, the cognition of people in different regions to the content, the correlation between physical activity and age stratification, the correlation between smoking cessation and disease, and the common cognitive misunderstanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Results:Of the 4 754 subjects in this study, 3 462 were from urban area and 1 292 were from rural area. In terms of active participation in lung cancer screening, regular physical examination, no awareness of reducing risk factors exposure, isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, reduction of travel of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, wearing masks when contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, active learning of medical and health care knowledge, and timely medical treatment in case of health problems, the cognition status of people in the city was better than people in the rural areas (all P<0.05). The compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 72.7% and 83.8%, respectively, among the population aged 18—64 years old; the compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 82.3% and 85.7%, respectively, among the population aged≥65 years old; the proportions of light intensity physical activity in people aged 18—64 and ≥65 years old were 65.2% and 87.6%, respectively. There was a correlation between whether the patients had respiratory diseases and whether they were troubled by respiratory diseases for a long time and their determination to quit smoking (all P<0.05); the rate of common misconceptions about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese adults was between 13.0% and 38.0%, and the rate of misconceptions among people with college education or above who believed that even if the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was improved and the diagnosis and treatment were standardized, the treatment of the disease was still ineffective was as high as 30.3%; in addition, the rate of two cognitive misunderstandings (when the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were mild, no intervention was needed; the medication can be discontinued when the symptoms were relieved) of people with college education or above were 24.2% and 25.8%, respectively, which were higher than those with primary school education and junior high school education (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The cognition of Chinese adults on early screening of respiratory diseases, reduction of exposure to risk factors, prevention and control of tuberculosis, and acquisition of scientific knowledge in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) is generally poor. The participation of people <65 years old in high-intensity physical activities is insufficient, and the cognition of people with high education level does not show advantages.

Review of Health Ethics Research and Exploration of Its Contemporary Values / 中国医学伦理学

The research on health ethics has gone through three stages: the discussion of concepts, the all-round theoretical extension and become the spiritual power of healthy China. The paper mainly discussed the theoretical support and practical guidance provided by health ethics as a category of ethics for the development of public health undertakings in various eras, and its concept had gradually penetrated into many fields such as economy, politics, society, ecology and culture. Under the guidance of the Healthy China strategy, health ethics plays an important role in maintaining individual health, solving social public health problems, building a healthy China and constructing a community of human health.

Ethical Research on Ecological Health and People’s Health Responsibility from the Perspective of Healthy China / 中国医学伦理学

The Healthy China strategy highlights the country’s high attention to people’s health. People’s health is an important symbol of national prosperity and strength. Ecological health is closely related to people’s health. Ecological health and people’s health should promote and influence each other. Ecological health is the environmental basis of people’s health, and people’s health is the value aim of ecological health. The Party and the state insist on basing on the people and establishing the system of great health and great ecology to establish the relatively stable health value orientation, value paradigm and value pursuit. The three subjects of the state, society and individual need to strive to form a unified consensus on responsibility. In the practical activities of transforming nature, the moral responsibility of the practice subject should be clarified, and the reconciliation between human and nature should be realized, so as to finally achieve the strategic goal of a healthy China.

A new stage for healthy China： new characteristics and urgency of public health / 上海预防医学

Building a strong public health system has become an urgent task in the new era. Based on more than eight years of systematic research， we believe that five aspects need to be prioritized for a strong system. First， we should change the perspective on public health， using the word “gonggong jiankang” to replace “gonggong weisheng” and the word “gonggong jiankang tixi” to replace “gonggong weisheng tixi”， to lead the public health system development. Second， we should develop a suitable public health system and continuously improve the health capacity for governance. Third， we should make it clear that the goal of building a strong system is not far-fetched， and we need to consolidate the existing institutional advantages of China’s public health system： when encountering major problems， we can maintain a unified goal and mobilize the whole society to cooperate effectively to accomplish the goal. However， we need to make up for shortcomings one by one， especially to solve the key problem of lacking a strong coordination mechanism in daily work. Fourth， we should pursue excellence and consolidate the“suitable” mechanism proven in the process of coping with the COVID-19， so that efficient mechanisms to deal with major issues can be used in routine work， and efforts should be made to consolidate the advantages of prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency response，so as to achieve the balanced development of regions categories and units.Finally， it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of government and research institutions， in the aspects of technological innovation， talent team building and accurate consulting services， and work together to pursue a suitable and strong system to realize the modernization of the health system and capacity for governance.

Analysis on the surveillance of infectious disease related public health bud-events in Shanghai from 2017 to 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease related public health bud-events in Shanghai and assess the effects of bud-event surveillance， so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the surveillance system. MethodsSurveillance data of infectious disease related public health bud-events were collected from 16 districts of Shanghai from 2017 through 2020. Then the data were analyzed and compared with infectious disease related public health emergencies during the same period. ResultsA total of 6 376 infectious disease related public health bud-events were documented in Shanghai in 2017‒2020， which involved 29 792 cases. There were two seasonal peaks， April through June and November through December. Clustered events accounted for 38.85%， mainly caused by chickenpox （14.10%）， hand，foot and mouth disease （11.17%） and norovirus-associated infectious diarrhea （6.54%）. The 36.73% of the bud-events occurred in school settings， which involved 24 718 cases （accounting for 83.00% of all cases）. Median time duration between onset date of the first cases and report date of the events was 4 days， and median duration of the events was 14 days， demonstrating positive correlation. In addition， all the infectious disease related public health emergencies（n=77） from 2017 through 2020 were classified as common events or unclassified. The proportion of infectious disease related public health emergencies in the bud-events during the same period was 1.21%， and that of infectious disease related public health emergencies in the bud-events in school settings was 2.48%. ConclusionTwo peaks of infectious disease related public health bud-events are observed in spring as well as autumn and winter in Shanghai from 2017 through 2020. Schools should be prioritized for control and prevention of infectious diseases. Bud-event surveillance system has been contributable to the prevention and control of public health emergencies， especially in the early detection， reporting and control of clustered events in schools. Bud-event surveillance system should be further improved and assessed comprehensively.

Thoughts on building Health Hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

The construction of Health Hospital will become an important opportunity to promote the strategy of Healthy China. The authors analyzed the connotation of Health Hospital, and the feasibility of building Health Hospital from four aspects, including integrating health policy, building healthy environment, implementing health actions and optimizing health services. Then, six essential factors of building Health Hospital were put forward, namely, establishing a green environment, improving the operation mechanism, disseminating health culture, developing information technology, creating intelligent health care and strengthening top-level design.