Immune response in healthy elderly after inoculation with PPV23 / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze functional antibody and protection effect against pneumonia after inoculation with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV23)in healthy elderly. Methods In 2015, 48 healthy elderly people aged ≥60 years were randomly selected in Hongkou District of Shanghai, and their blood samples were collected before, and 1 month and 6 months after the inoculation of PPV23.Functional antibodies against 13 serotypes(1、3、4、5、6A、6B、7F、9V、14、18C、19A、19F、23F)of streptococcus pneumonia were determined by muti-specificity opsonophagocyitosis killing assay(MOPA).The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)after PPV23 inoculation was also investigated. Results The GMT of OPA antibodies against 13 serotypes were higher 1 and 6 months after inoculation than that before inoculation.One month after the inoculation, OPA antibodies against 13 serotypes ≥2 times growth rate and ≥4 times growth rate were 64.58%-87.00% and 43.75%-75.00%, respectively.Six months after inoculation with PPV23, OPA antibodies against 13 serotypes ≥2 times growth rate and ≥4 times growth rate were 45.71%-82.86%, 40.00%-80.00%, respectively.There was no significant difference in the growth rate of OPA antibody between 6 months and 1 month after vaccination for most serotypes.Results of self-descriptive survey before and after the inoculation showed that the protection against CAP in healthy elderly people in the first and second years after PPV23 inoculation was 100.00% and 50.00%, respectively. Conclusion PPV23 has better immunogenicity and immune persistence after inoculation in healthy elderly people, and has better protective effect against CAP.

Velocidad de marcha del adulto mayor funcionalmente saludable / Gait speed in functionally and healthy elder people / Velocidade da marcha do idoso funcionalmente saudável

El proceso de envejecimiento conlleva trastornos conocidos como síndromes geriátricos, los cuales pueden afectar la reserva funcional e incidir en la velocidad de la marcha, la que es un indicador que puede predecir eventos adversos y reflejar alteraciones fisiopatológicas subyacentes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal con el objetivo de medir la velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores saludables, y su correlación con variables clínicas y demográficas. Se calculó la velocidad de la marcha mediante análisis observacional en video, midiendo parámetros espacio-temporales (longitud y tiempo del ciclo de marcha). Se evaluó una muestra de 60 individuos mayores de 65 años, la edad media fue de 76 años. La velocidad de la marcha media fue 1,10 m/s (Rango 0, 60 - 1,47 m/s). Para el grupo de menos de 75 años fue de 1,20 m/s, entre los mayores de 80 fue de 1,0 m/s. Se vio un comportamiento similar al encontrado en estudios internacionales. Se evidenció que la velocidad de la marcha del adulto mayor funcionalmente saludable disminuye con la edad. Este estudio es el primero realizado en la población anciana uruguaya.

The aging process involves disorders known as geriatric syndromes, which can affect the functional reserve and the gait speed, which is an indicator that can predict adverse events and reflect underlying pathophysiological changes. A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim of measuring the gait speed in healthy elderly adults, and its relation with clinical and demographic characteristics. Gait speed was calculated by means of observational video analysis, measuring space-time parameters (length and time of the walking cycle). A sample of 60 individuals older than 65 years was evaluated, the average age was 76 years. The average gait speed was 1.10 m/s (range 0, 60 - 1.47 m/s). For the group of less than 75 years it was 1.20 m/s, among those over 80 it was 1.0 m/s. These findings are similar to that found in international studies. It was evidenced that the gait speed of the functionally healthy older individuals decreases with age. This study is the first performed in the Uruguayan elderly population.

O processo de envelhecimento envolve distúrbios conhecidos como síndromes geriátricas, que podem afetar a reserva funcional e a velocidade da marcha, que é um indicador que pode prever eventos adversos e refletir alterações fisiopatológicas subjacentes. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal, com o objetivo de medir a velocidade da marcha em idosos saudáveis ​​e sua correlação com variáveis ​​clínicas e demográficas. A velocidade da marcha foi calculada por meio de análise de vídeo observacional, medindo os parâmetros espaço-tempo (duração e tempo do ciclo da marcha). Uma amostra de 60 indivíduos com mais de 65 anos foi avaliada, a idade média foi de 76 anos. A velocidade da marcha média foi de 1,10 m/s (Faixa 0,60 - 1,47 m/s). Para o grupo de menos de 75 anos, foi de 1,20 m / s, entre aqueles com mais de 80 anos foi de 1,0 m/s. Houve um comportamento semelhante ao encontrado em estudos internacionais. Evidenciou-se que a velocidade de marcha do idoso funcionalmente saudável diminui com a idade. Este estudo é o primeiro realizado na população idosa do Uruguai.

On the use of the P300 as a tool for cognitive processing assessment in healthy aging: A review / O uso do p300 como ferramenta para avaliação do processamento cognitivo em envelhecimento saudável

ABSTRACT Changes in patterns of performance for the cognitive functions of memory, processing speed, and focused attention are expected in old age. Objective: The main goal of this systematic review was to analyze the use of ERP in healthy elderly in studies evaluating the P300 components. Methods: A systematic review was carried out based on recommendations for nursing research on the databases LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Results: 26 studies involving 940 healthy elderly were identified, most of which sought to identify and determine the influence of age on the P300. Conclusion: Although there is consensus in the literature that P300 latency is significantly longer in elderly with psychiatric disorders compared to healthy elderly, it was not possible to conclude P300 associations with gender, education and other cognitive tests.

RESUMO São esperadas mudanças nos padrões de desempenho nas funções cognitivas de memória, velocidade de processamento e atenção concentrada durante o processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: O objetivo principal desta revisão sistemática é analisar o uso de ERP em idosos saudáveis nos estudos que avaliaram os componentes do P300. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com recomendações de estudo para enfermagem nos bancos de dados LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Resultados: Foram identificados 26 estudos com 940 idosos saudáveis, a maioria procurava identificar e encontrar a influência da idade no P300. Conclusão: Embora haja consenso na literatura de que em idosos com transtornos psiquiátricos a latência P300 é significativamente maior, em relação aos idosos saudáveis não foi possível concluir as associações P300 com gênero, escolaridade e outros testes cognitivos.

Memory training and benefits for quality of life in the elderly: A case report / Treino de memória e seus benefícios na qualidade de vida do idoso: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Studies emphasize the training of cognitive functions to decrease losses in the population. Memory training associated with neurotracker was performed by an 80-year-old man with memory complaints. A battery for measuring memory, quality of life and stress was initially applied and showed low scores. The patient underwent a program for stimulating memory and attention comprising 32 sessions (2 weekly sessions of 90 minutes each). The post-test follow-up showed improvements in the process of storage and retrieval of episodic and working memory, greater use of strategies, faster information processing speed, as well as reduction in complaints and positive impact on quality of life. The results suggest that the use of Neurotracker for training cognitive processes is valid for cognitive rehabilitation programs to promote improvements in quality of life in the elderly.

RESUMO Estudos enfatizam o treinamento de funções cognitivas para diminuição de prejuízos na população. Um treino de memória associado ao neurotracker foi realizado com homem, 80 anos, com queixas de memória. Foi usada uma bateria para aferição da memória, qualidade de vida e estresse nos quais apresentou baixos escores. Ingressou em programa de estimulação da memória e atenção por 32 sessões (2 sessões semanais de 90 minutos). No pós-teste apresentou melhoras no processo de armazenamento e evocação da memória episódica e de trabalho, maior uso de estratégias, rapidez de processamento de informações, bem como, redução de queixas e repercutindo positivamente na qualidade de vida. Os resultados sugerem que o uso do neurotracker para o treinamento de processos cognitivos se mostra consistentes como programas de reabilitação cognitiva corroborando a melhora da qualidade de vida em idosos.

Optimal water intake for the elderly: prevention of hypotremia.

Aim The prevalence of hyponatremia in the elderly is quite high due to the rising of ADH and ANP concentrations which are part of eight physiologic changes. The complications are quite specific, among others, increased risk of bone fracture, declining of conciousness, and convulsion. The frequent cause of hyponatremia is high water intake. To achieve the optimal water intake designated as the highest water intake that did not cause hyponatremia and hypovolemia. Methods A study was conducted on 31 healthy elderly subjects, selected from 107 persons using simple random sampling and exclusion criteria. By block randomisation were classified into five water-intake groups (1000-2500 mL). Results In this study, it could be proved that 1000 mL was the optimal. It was also unraveled that the ADH levels had a role in determining the water intake volume that did not cause hyponatremia and NT-proBNP concentrations did not correlate with spot urine sodium. Conclusion The optimal water intake for the elderly is 1000 mL per day.

Hematological and nutritional parameters in apparently healthy elderly individuals

A non-probabilistic study in an elderly free living community was performed. The first analysis was cross-sectional in design and the additional analysis, a case-control design. In the first analysis, 745 subjects were enrolled. Additional analyses, made in 46 apparently healthy elderly subjects (AHE) and 33 young adults (YA) included: clinical, hematological and biochemical analyses, 24-hours nutritional recall and diet frequency questionnaire. The AHE were selected using the Senieur test protocol. To avoid selection bias in the AHE sample, additional analysis comparing cultural, socioeconomic, and health variables were compared between AHE and non-selected elderly with same dysfunction or morbidity (DE). The prevalence of AHE was 6.17 percent (n=46) among whom 4.3 percent were anemic. There were no statistically differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes and vitamin B12 levels between AHE and YA groups. Mean values of MCV, RDW, eosinophils, folate and ferritin were higher in the AHE than the YA group. On the other hand, platelets were higher in the YA group. No statistically significant difference occurred between the AHE and DE groups when nutritional indicators were compared. The comparison between nutritional indicators of anemic and non-anemic apparently healthy elderly people showed statistically significant differences in vitamin B12 and protein intake, which were lower in the anemic elderly. The results suggest independent biological differences between hematological parameters of elderly and young individuals.

Foi realizado um estudo não probabilístico em idosos que vivem na comunidade. A primeira análise teve um delineamento transversal e análises adicionais um delineamento caso-controle. Na primeira análise foram incluídos 745 indivíduos. Análises adicionais foram feitas em 46 idosos saudáveis (HE) e em 33 adultos jovens (YA) incluindo: análises clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas, recordatório nutricional de 24 horas e questionário de freqüência dietética. Os idosos saudáveis foram selecionados através do uso do protocolo Seniour. Para evitar viés de seleção na amostra HE, uma análise adicional comparando variáveis culturais, socioeconômicas e saúde com a dos idosos não selecionados (DE). A prevalência de HE foi de 17 por cento (n=46) sendo que, entre estes, 4,3 por cento estavam anêmicos. Não ocorreram diferenças estatísticas de hematócrito, hemoglobina, leucócitos, neutrófilos e vitamina B12 entre os grupos AHEe YA. Níveis médios de MCV, RDW, eosinofilos folato and ferritina foram mais altos no grupo AHE do que no YA. Ao contrário, as plaquetas foram mais altas no grupo YA. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os grupos AHE e DE quando os indicadores nutricionais foram comparados. A comparação entre indicadore nutricionais de idosos anêmicos e não-anêmicos em idosos aparentemente saudáveis mostrou diferenças significativas na ingestão de vitamina B12 e de proteína, que foi mais baixa nos idosos anêmicos. Os resultados sugerem diferenças biológicas independentes entre os parâmetros hematológicos de idosos e jovens.