ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: En Colombia existen barreras de acceso a la consulta odontológica relacionadas con el no reconocimiento de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva como sujetos con otra modalidad comunicativa; por tanto, se propuso diseñar el prototipo de una App en Lengua de Señas Colombiana para facilitar la comunicación entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la consulta de primera vez, el consentimiento informado y la fase de prevención y promoción en salud oral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con dos componentes: uno cualitativo, donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 23 participantes e identificaron las frases facilitadoras para la comunicación Odontólogo-Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva. Y otro tecnológico que propone el diseño del prototipo de la App, el cual junto a sus videos fue valorado por los participantes. Resultados: Se presenta el sustento teórico relacionado con la App para favorecer la comunicación asertiva entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva a partir de 6 categorías: empatía, proceso de comunicación, herramientas de comunicación, ética del cuidado, interculturalidad y barreras de acceso. Se muestra el prototipo de la App con 20 frases en LSC y subtituladas para identificar la usabilidad de esta. Conclusión: El prototipo de la App diseñado facilita la interacción entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva, mejora la experiencia odontológica durante los proceso de atención e incentiva la inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la toma de decisiones.
Abstract Introduction and objective: In Colombia there are healthcare-related barriers to access to dental consultation related to the non-recognition of Hearing-Impaired Person as a subject with another communicative modality; therefore, it was proposed to design the mock-up for an App in Colombian Sign Language to facilitate communication between the Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person in the first-time consultation, informed consent and the phase of prevention and oral health promotion. Materials and methods: Study with two components: a qualitative one, where semi-structured interviews were carried out with 23 participants and identified the phrases facilitating communication between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person. And another technological one that proposes the design of the prototype of the App, which along with its videos was valued by the participants. Results: Is presented the theoretical support related to the App, to promote assertive communication between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person, based on 6 categories: empathy, communication process, communication tools, ethics of care, interculturality and healthcare-related barriers. The mock-up for the App is shown with 20 phrases in LSC and subtitled to identify its usability. Conclusion: The mock-up of the App designed facilitates the interaction between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person, improves the dental experience during the attention process and encourages the inclusion of Hearing-Impaired Person in decision-making.
Resumo Introdução e objetivo: Na Colômbia existem barreiras no acesso à consulta odontológica relacionadas ao não reconhecimento de as Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva como sujeito de outra modalidade comunicativa; portanto, foi proposto desenhar o protótipo de um aplicativo em Línguas de Sinais Colombiana para facilitar a comunicação assertiva entre o Dentista e as Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva na primeira consulta, consentimento informado e a fase de prevenção e promoção em saúde bucal. Materiais e métodos: Estudo com dois componentes: um qualitativo, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 23 participantes e identificadas as frases que facilitam a comunicação entre Dentista e Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva. E outra tecnológica que propõe o design do protótipo do aplicativo, que, juntamente com seus vídeos, foi valorizado pelos participantes. Resultados: É apresentado o suporte teórico relacionado ao aplicativo para promover a comunicação assertiva entre dentistas e pessoas com deficiência auditiva, com base em 6 categorias: empatia, processo de comunicação, ferramentas de comunicação, ética do cuidado, interculturalidade e barreiras de acesso. É mostrado o protótipo do aplicativo com 20 frases no LSC e legendado para identificar sua usabilidade. Conclusão: O protótipo do aplicativo projetado facilita a interação entre Dentista e Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva, melhora a experiência odontológica durante o processo de atendimento e incentiva a inclusão de Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva na tomada de decisão.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. El examen nacional de acceso a la educación superior en Colombia (prueba Saber 11), es obligatorio para obtener el título de bachiller y ha realizado adaptaciones que permiten evaluar a personas con discapacidad física, auditiva y visual. Objetivo. Describir las características y el rendimiento en la prueba Saber 11 de las personas con discapacidad (PCD) en 2009. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de tipo descriptivo de los resultados del examen nacional de acceso a la educación superior (prueba Saber 11), presentado por PCD en el ano 2009. La certificación de discapacidades realizada previa al examen durante la inscripción a la prueba. Se describen las características de dicha población, junto con los puntajes en la prueba. Resultados. 529.651 estudiantes presentaron la prueba por primera vez, de los cuales el 0,2% (842) afirmaron durante la inscripción tener algún tipo de discapacidad. Del total de PCD, el 35,0% presentó una discapacidad motora, el 34,9% presentó una discapacidad auditiva y requirieron intérprete en la prueba, 19,1% presentó una discapacidad visual y un 11,5% presentó discapacidad auditiva, pero no requirieron intérprete. La mayoría de sus puntajes están en categorización media, y, en promedio, las personas con discapacidad visual tuvieron resultados mejores en las áreas básicas al compararlos con otras discapacidades. Conclusión. Este estudio sugiere que son pocas las PCD que se presentan a la prueba Saber 11. No existe forma de evidenciar discapacidad cognitiva en la prueba.
Background. Taking the standardised Colombian highschool leaving test (Saber 11) is obligatory for students to graduate from high school and is also used for rating students applying to Colombian universities; it has been adapted for evaluating young people having hearing physical, visual and auditory disabilities. Objectives. Describing and characterising the profile of students suffering from disability (SWD) who presented the standardised Colombian highschool leaving test in 2009. Methods. A descriptive secondary analysis was made of the standardised Colombian highschool leaving test database concerning SWD who took the test in 2009. A disability certificate must have been obtained beforehand and presented during registration for the test. The prevalence of SWD taking the test was calculated, their scores were recorded and univariate statistics were used for the social, demographic and economic characterisation of their profile. Results. 529,651 students took the test for the first time in 2009; 0.2% (842) of these students claimed to have some type of disability during registration. 35.0% (295) of these had a motor disability, 34.9% (294) had a hearing disability and were assisted by a sign language interpreter, 19.1% (161) were visually impaired and 11.5% (97) had a hearing disability but did not receive assistance from a sign language interpreter. Most SWD achieved midranging scores; the visuallyimpaired scored higher points than the rest of the SWD. Conclusion. This study suggested that very few SWD were presenting the standardised Colombian highschool leaving test. Cognitive impairment could not be measured by this type of standardised test.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hearing impairment is a common problem that increases significantly with age and hearing impaired persons need enough and proper medical and social services. We aimed to assess the present status of hearing rehabilitation services and measure the satisfaction of hearing impaired persons in their living. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We selected a total of 60 persons by stratified randomized systemic sampling from hearing handicapped persons pre-registered with the Ministry of Health and Welfare. There were 32 males and 28 females with the mean age of 54.0+/-17.7 years. We checked the hearing handicap inventory (HHI), articulation index (AI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of subjects. RESULTS: From 60 subjects, 35 subjects (58.3%) needed hearing aid and 13 subjects (21.7%) needed cochlear implantation. Thirty six subjects (60.0%) were classified into group 4 and 5 in HHI and the mean VAS score was 4.0+/-2.5. Among the 40 subjects with hearing aid, only 7 subjects (17.5%) had a proper device of hearing rehabilitation. In addition, no subjects had cochlear implantation (CI) even though they needed it. CONCLUSION: From this study, most hearing impaired persons had difficulties in every day living and had emotional problems. The low rate of proper hearing rehabilitation suggested that clinicians have to be concerned about providing hearing rehabilitation and expanding social and medical services for hearing impaired persons.