The associated factors of earphone usage on hearing impairment among students aged 14 to 28 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between the use of earphone and hearing impairment and its influencing factors among students aged 14-28, so as to provide a reference for appropriate earphone usage and hearing impairment prevention.@*Methods@#A cross sectional survey was conducted through the questionnaire star platform, and 983 students aged 14 to 28 were recruited across China by snowball sampling during April 3 to May 1, 2022. The χ 2 test was used to identify indicators affecting hearing, the Logistic regression model was used to further selection.@*Results@#There were 366 students with hearing impairment, accounting for 37.23%. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in hearing impairment by gender, earphone usage duration and volume, wearing during sleep, and replacement frequency ( χ 2=6.03, 6.86, 14.87, 12.22, 11.15, P <0.05). The Logistic regression model analysis showed that girls ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.10-1.88), maximum earphone volume ( OR=3.08, 95%CI = 1.56- 6.08), earphone usage for >1.5-3 h each time ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.04-1.99), sleep with headphone ( OR= 1.53 , 95%CI = 1.11- 2.11) were positively associated with hearing impairment ( P <0.05), earphone replacement every 4-<6 months ( OR= 0.38, 95%CI =0.17-0.86) and earphone replacement every six months or longer ( OR=0.39, 95%CI =0.18-0.85) were negatively associated with hearing impairment ( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Students aged 14 to 28 earphone usage shows adverse impact on hearing. When using earphone, it is recommended to limit time spent on earphone usage, low the volume of earphone, avoid sleeping with earphone and replace earphone frequently.

Screening for hearing health and associated factors among students from 4 universities in Taiyuan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the current situation of hearing health among college students and associated factors, and to provide a basis for universities and relevant departments to carry out hearing health work.@*Methods@#By using stratified random sampling method, 1306 students from 4 universities in Taiyuan were screened for hearing loss and were investigated with a questionnaire from March to November 2021. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 19.0 statistical.@*Results@#The detection rate of hearing loss was 31.70%. The majority (51.91%) failed to pass the 4 000 Hz hearing screening. The total awareness rate of hearing problems was 58.96%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the total daily usage time of earphones >4 h/d, the duration of using earphones >1 h/time were positively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among college students( OR=1.23, 1.14, P < 0.01), and good awareness of hearing health care and highest education of parents were negatively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among coollege students( OR =0.54, 0.76, 0.37, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The awareness of hearing health care among college students is low. Universities and relevant departments should take targeted measures to provide the best hearing health care services.

Percepção de discentes sobre a capacitação para assistência à pessoa com deficiência auditiva / Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la formación para ayudar a las personas con discapacidad auditiva / Perception of students on training for the care for the hearing impaired people

Objetivo: identificar a percepção dos discentes de cursos técnicos e de graduação da área da saúde sobre o atendimento às pessoas com deficiência auditiva nos serviços de saúde e sua capacitação para realizar esse atendimento. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva, entre novembro e dezembro de 2021, por meio de questionário online. Resultados: Participaram 198 discentes de uma instituição de ensino de São Paulo.67,68% dos discentes declararam não ter conhecimento em Libras;74,24% discordaram de que foram preparados, durante a formação, para assistir integralmente o paciente com deficiência auditiva. Para 87,88%Libras deveria ser uma matéria obrigatória nos cursos da área da saúde e 80,30% não consideram suficiente o conteúdo que foi abordado sobre o atendimento aos deficientes auditivo. Conclusão:Evidenciou-se a necessidade de capacitação dos discentes da área de saúdepara que o atendimento às pessoas com deficiência auditiva possa ser realizado de maneira qualificada.(AU)

Objective: to identify the perception of students of technical and undergraduate courses in the health area about the care for people with hearing impairment in health services and their training to perform this care. Method: A quantitative, exploratory and descriptive research was carried out between November and December 2021, using an online questionnaire. Results: 198 students from an educational institution in São Paulo participated. 67.68% of the students declared not having knowledge in Libras; 74.24% disagreed that they were prepared, during training, to fully assist the patient with hearing impairment. For 87.88% Libras should be a mandatory subject in courses in the health area and 80.30% do not consider the content that was addressed on the care of the hearing impaired to be sufficient. Conclusion: There is a need to train students in the health area so that the care for people with hearing impairment can be carried out in a qualified manner.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la percepción de estudiantes de carreras técnicas y de pregrado en el área de la salud sobre la atención a las personas con deficiencia auditiva en los servicios de salud y su formación para realizar esa atención. Método: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021, mediante un cuestionario en línea. Resultados: Participaron 198 estudiantes de una institución educativa de São Paulo, el 67,68% de los estudiantes declararon no tener conocimiento en Libras, el 74,24% no estuvo de acuerdo con que estuvieran preparados, durante la formación, para asistir integralmente al paciente con deficiencia auditiva. Para el 87,88% Libras debería ser materia obligatoria en los cursos del área de la salud y el 80,30% no considera suficiente el contenido que se abordó sobre la atención al sordo. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de formar a los estudiantes del área de la salud para que la atención a las personas con deficiencia auditiva pueda ser realizada de forma calificada.(AU)

COMPARISON OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS

An attempt has been made to investigate the personality traits namely neuroticism introversion and dominance among the differently abled persons and compare them in respects to the variables. Among differently abled persons, hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired (individuals having orthopedically defects in upper limbs) persons are taken under consideration. Forty subjects of each category namely hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired students were selected within the age range of twelve to eighteen years for the study. Personality characteristics were measured Burn-Reuter Modi?ed Personality Inventory. The data were analyzed through the statistic of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that the visually impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired and orthopedically impaired persons. Again orthopedically impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired persons. On the other hand, hearing impaired persons had higher score than orthopedically impaired and visually impaired persons in respect to dominance.

Recursos parentales en familias con hijos sordos / Parental Resources in Families with Deaf Children

Resumen Este artículo describe los recursos parentales que las familias con hijos sordos construyen para promover y potencializar el desarrollo del niño. Es un estudio mixto de corte transversal, se entrevistó a cinco madres oyentes de niños sordos, incluye datos de una encuesta sociodemográfica de un grupo de 245 niños sordos de Colombia. Se concluye que el asumir la discapacidad desde el diagnóstico, la búsqueda de apoyo institucional, enfocarse en las capacidades de sus hijos, reorganizar las rutinas y responsabilidades familiares, la mirada positiva al futuro y la perseverancia, la espiritualidad son algunos de los recursos parentales empleados por las madres.

Abstract This article describes the parental resources that families with deaf children build to promote and potentialize child's development. It is a mixed cross-sectional study. Five hearing mothers of hearing-impaired children were interviewed, including data from a sociodemographic survey of a group of 245 hearing-impaired children from Colombia. It is concluded that by assuming disability from diagnosis, the search for institutional support, by focusing on the capacities of their children, by reorganizing family routines, and responsibilities, a positive look to the future and perseverance, spirituality are some of the parental resources employed by mothers.

Potências e limites no cotidiano da formação acadêmica no cuidado à saúde da pessoa surda / Potencias y límites en el curso diario de la formación académica en la atención médica para personas sordas / Potentialities and limits in the everyday life of undergraduate training in health care for deaf people

Resumo Objetivo compreender as potências e os limites no cotidiano da formação dos estudantes de graduação no cuidado à saúde da pessoa surda. Método trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e interpretativo, fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva e do Cotidiano, envolvendo 18 estudantes de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, Farmácia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição, Odontologia e Psicologia. As fontes de evidências foram entrevistas individuais desenvolvidas no período de outubro a novembro de 2019. A análise dos dados envolveu a análise preliminar, a ordenação, as ligações-chave, a codificação e a categorização. Resultados as potências no cotidiano da formação dos estudantes no cuidado à saúde da pessoa surda mostram-se na comunicação instituinte, na tecnossocialidade no cuidado e no falar Libras e poder integrar-se à comunidade surda. Os limites mostram-se nos modelos e nas práticas formativas não inclusivas, na impessoalidade da interpretação e na falta de especificidade técnica na disciplina de Libras. Conclusão e implicações para a prática conclui-se que há a necessidade de se refletir sobre os currículos dos cursos da área da saúde, proporcionado a inclusão do cuidado à saúde da pessoa surda, a fim de capacitar os estudantes para a atuação nos diferentes níveis de complexidade.

Resumen Objetivo comprender las potencias y límites en la formación diaria de estudiantes de pregrado en atención a la salud de personas sordas. Método se trata de un estudio cualitativo e interpretativo, basado en Sociología Integral y Cotidiana, que involucró a 18 estudiantes de una universidad federal del Sur de Brasil, de cursos de licenciatura en Enfermería; Farmacia; Terapia del lenguaje; Medicina; Nutrición; Odontología y Psicología. Las fuentes de evidencia fueron entrevistas individuales, desarrolladas de octubre a noviembre de 2019. El análisis de datos ha involucrado el análisis preliminar, el ordenamiento, las llamadas clave, la codificación y la categorización. Resultados las potencias en la formación diaria de los estudiantes en la atención de la salud de los sordos se manifiestan en la instauración de la comunicación, en la tecnosocialidad en la atención y en hablar Libras y la capacidad de integrarse con la comunidad sorda. Los límites se muestran en los modelos y en las prácticas de entrenamiento no inclusivo, en la impersonalidad de la interpretación y en la falta de especificidad técnica en la asignatura de Libra. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica se concluye que existe la necesidad de reflexionar sobre los planes de estudio de los cursos de salud, proporcionando la inclusión de la atención de la salud a las personas sordas, con el fin de capacitar a los estudiantes para trabajar en los diferentes niveles de complejidad.

Abstract Objective to understand the potencialities and the limits in the daily training of undergraduate students in the health care of the deaf person. Method it is a qualitative and interpretative study, based on Comprehensive and Daily Sociology, involving 18 students from a federal university in the South of Brazil of the undergraduate courses in Nursing, Pharmacy, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Nutrition, Dentistry and Psychology. The sources of evidence were individual interviews developed from October to November 2019. The data analysis involved preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization. Results the potencialities in the daily training of students in health care of the deaf person are shown in the communication institute, the techno-sociality in care and the communicating in Libras and being able to integrate with the deaf community. The limits are shown in the models and training practices not inclusive, the impersonality of interpretation and lack of technical specificity in the Libras (Brazilian sign language) discipline. Conclusion and implications for practice it is concluded that there is a need to reflect on the curricula of health courses, providing the inclusion of health care for deaf people in order to enable students to act at different levels of complexity.

Dentiseñas-Colombia, prototipo de una App para facilitar la comunicación Odontólogo- Persona con Discapacidad Auditiva* / Dentiseñas-Colombia, mock-up for App to facilitate communication between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person / Dentiseñas-Colômbia, protótipo de um aplicativo para facilitar a comunicação entre Dentista e Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: En Colombia existen barreras de acceso a la consulta odontológica relacionadas con el no reconocimiento de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva como sujetos con otra modalidad comunicativa; por tanto, se propuso diseñar el prototipo de una App en Lengua de Señas Colombiana para facilitar la comunicación entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la consulta de primera vez, el consentimiento informado y la fase de prevención y promoción en salud oral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con dos componentes: uno cualitativo, donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 23 participantes e identificaron las frases facilitadoras para la comunicación Odontólogo-Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva. Y otro tecnológico que propone el diseño del prototipo de la App, el cual junto a sus videos fue valorado por los participantes. Resultados: Se presenta el sustento teórico relacionado con la App para favorecer la comunicación asertiva entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva a partir de 6 categorías: empatía, proceso de comunicación, herramientas de comunicación, ética del cuidado, interculturalidad y barreras de acceso. Se muestra el prototipo de la App con 20 frases en LSC y subtituladas para identificar la usabilidad de esta. Conclusión: El prototipo de la App diseñado facilita la interacción entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva, mejora la experiencia odontológica durante los proceso de atención e incentiva la inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la toma de decisiones.

Abstract Introduction and objective: In Colombia there are healthcare-related barriers to access to dental consultation related to the non-recognition of Hearing-Impaired Person as a subject with another communicative modality; therefore, it was proposed to design the mock-up for an App in Colombian Sign Language to facilitate communication between the Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person in the first-time consultation, informed consent and the phase of prevention and oral health promotion. Materials and methods: Study with two components: a qualitative one, where semi-structured interviews were carried out with 23 participants and identified the phrases facilitating communication between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person. And another technological one that proposes the design of the prototype of the App, which along with its videos was valued by the participants. Results: Is presented the theoretical support related to the App, to promote assertive communication between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person, based on 6 categories: empathy, communication process, communication tools, ethics of care, interculturality and healthcare-related barriers. The mock-up for the App is shown with 20 phrases in LSC and subtitled to identify its usability. Conclusion: The mock-up of the App designed facilitates the interaction between Dentist and Hearing-Impaired Person, improves the dental experience during the attention process and encourages the inclusion of Hearing-Impaired Person in decision-making.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: Na Colômbia existem barreiras no acesso à consulta odontológica relacionadas ao não reconhecimento de as Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva como sujeito de outra modalidade comunicativa; portanto, foi proposto desenhar o protótipo de um aplicativo em Línguas de Sinais Colombiana para facilitar a comunicação assertiva entre o Dentista e as Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva na primeira consulta, consentimento informado e a fase de prevenção e promoção em saúde bucal. Materiais e métodos: Estudo com dois componentes: um qualitativo, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 23 participantes e identificadas as frases que facilitam a comunicação entre Dentista e Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva. E outra tecnológica que propõe o design do protótipo do aplicativo, que, juntamente com seus vídeos, foi valorizado pelos participantes. Resultados: É apresentado o suporte teórico relacionado ao aplicativo para promover a comunicação assertiva entre dentistas e pessoas com deficiência auditiva, com base em 6 categorias: empatia, processo de comunicação, ferramentas de comunicação, ética do cuidado, interculturalidade e barreiras de acesso. É mostrado o protótipo do aplicativo com 20 frases no LSC e legendado para identificar sua usabilidade. Conclusão: O protótipo do aplicativo projetado facilita a interação entre Dentista e Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva, melhora a experiência odontológica durante o processo de atendimento e incentiva a inclusão de Pessoa com Deficiência Auditiva na tomada de decisão.

Impact of early intervention of speech and language therapy among hearing impaired child

Background: Hearing impairment is a factor that directly compromises the individual’s language which can affect emotional and academic defects by delayed development of communicative ability. This can vary according to the type and degree of hearing loss. Speech therapy intervention is important, along with the use of sound amplification devices, so that the child may have a chance to develop speech, consequently learning and re-habilitation to the society. Aims of the present study was performed to assess the effectiveness of early intervention of speech and language therapy after use of hearing aids to hearing impaired children on their syntactic and lexical development.Methods: This quasi-experimental study conducted on 100 children having different degree of hearing loss at department of Neurology and department of ENT, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. After collecting socio-demographic data of subjects by observation, completion of questionnaires, and speech recording by audiologist; Speech and language therapy provide by audiologist for six month after providing hearing aids and improvement in their syntactic and lexical development recorded.Results: There is significant improvement in verbal response from 14% before therapy to 81% after therapy and non-verbal response before therapy was 86% and after therapy was 19%. Before giving speech and language therapy to subjects pointing score was 24%, sign language was 10% and words response was 0% which increases after therapy were 1%, 2% and 39% respectively. Early identified/intervened hearing-impaired children had a notable positive difference in all assessed lingual gains.Conclusions: This is study results definitely point to positive effects of intensive and continuous application of speech and language therapy to syntactic and lexical development of hearing impaired children.

Sexualidade e Surdez: uma Revisão Sistemática / Sexuality and Deafness: a Systematic Review / Sexualidad y Sordera: una Revisión Sistemática

A existência de mitos e tabus que envolvem a sexualidade pode dificultar a disseminação de informações adequadas para a sociedade. Sabe-se que a população surda, por não ter os esmos meios de aquisição de informações dos ouvintes, lida com limitações no acesso a essa temática. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre sexualidade e surdez. Para isso, no período de setembro a novembro de 2017, foi feita uma busca utilizando os descritores sexualidade, surdez, surdo e deficiente auditivo, nas línguasportuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, em cinco bases de dados. A busca teve o período delimitado entre 2000 e 2017, e o resultado final selecionou quinze artigos. A sexualidade por meio de experiências sexuais, mitos e relacionamentos e a violência e/ou abuso sexual foram os assuntos com maior prevalência. A questão da homossexualidade foi menos evidente nas produções científicas. A revisão mostrou que o conjunto de estudos avaliados retrata a sexualidade de forma abrangente e com temas atuais. Além disso, são escassos os estudos científicos referentes a sexualidade e surdez, sendo necessários mais estudos com a participação das pessoas surdas no intuito de compreendê-las, orientá-las e informá-las sobre o assunto em questão....(AU)

The existence of myths and taboos about sexuality may lead to challenges in spreading adequate information to society. It is a known fact that the deaf population faces a lack of information about this theme caused by the absence of means to acquire the same information that listeners have. Thus, this systematic review of scientific articles about sexuality and deafness was conducted. Between September 2017 and November 2017, we searched in five databases (SciELO, PePSIC, LILACS, PsycINFO and Scopus) for the descriptors sexuality, deafness, deaf and hearing impaired, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, for the period between 2000-2017, rendering 15 articles. Sexuality through sexual experiences, mythos and relationships, as well as violence and/or sexual abuse were the subjects with highest prevalence. However, the matter of homosexuality was less evident in scientific productions. The review showed that the set of evaluated studies portrayed sexuality in an embracing manner and involved current themes. In addition, there is a lack of scientific articles about sexuality and deafness, and so more studies with deaf people to understandd them, guide them and inform them about the subject in question are required ...(AU)

La existencia de mitos y tabúes que envuelven la sexualidad puede dificultar la diseminación de informaciones adecuadas para la sociedad. Se sabe que la población sorda por no poseer los mismos medios de adquisición de informaciones que los oyentes pasa por limitaciones de informaciones sobre esa temática. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos sobre sexualidad y sordera. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda de septiembre a noviembre de 2017 utilizando los descriptores "sexualidad", "sordera", "sordos y deficiente auditivo", en portugués, inglés y español, en cinco bases de datos. La búsqueda tuvo el período delimitado entre 2000-2017 y en el resultado final se seleccionó 15 artículos. La sexualidad a través de las experiencias sexuales, de los mitos y relaciones y la violencia y/o abuso sexual fueron los asuntos con mayor prevalencia. Pero el tema de la homosexualidad fue el menos evidente en las producciones científicas. La revisión mostró que el conjunto de los estudios evaluados retratan la sexualidad de forma integral y con temas actuales. Además, hay escasez de estudios científicos referentes a la sexualidad y sordera y son necesarios más estudios con la participación de las personas sordas con el fin de comprenderlas, orientarlas e informarlas sobre el asunto en cuestión....(AU)

Prevalence of ophthalmic disorders among hearing-impaired school children in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for visual impairment (VI) among children of school for hearing-impaired (HI) in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: Children between 6 and 16 years of age available in all the 12 special schools for HI were examined. Visual acuity (VA) testing, ocular motility, and examination of anterior and posterior segment for all children were done. Those having VA of less than 6/12 in better eye underwent cycloplegic refraction. For definition of VI, as per World Health Organization (WHO), VA of better eye was considered. HI was also classified as mild, moderate, severe, and profound as per WHO definitions. Examination for systemic diseases and other associated disabilities was also done. Results: In all, 402 children underwent examination. Ophthalmic abnormality was seen in 64 children with a prevalence of 15.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9%–16.8%], and VI was seen in 29 children with a prevalence of 7.2% (95% CI 4.9%–10.2%). Refractive errors [29 (7.2%)], retinitis pigmentosa (RP) [16 (4%)], and squint [8 (2%)] were the major ophthalmic abnormalities. Thirty-five (54.7%) of the abnormalities were either preventable or treatable. The major cause of VI was refractive error (18) followed by RP (5). Twenty of them (69%) with VI in this study group were treatable. Twenty-two (75.9%) children with eye problem were newly diagnosed. The only risk factor for VI was being mentally challenged (odds ratio: 5.63; 95% CI: 1.89–16.8). Conclusion: The prevalence of ophthalmic abnormalities and VI in school for HI was high, and the majority of them were not detected so far. As most of them are easily treatable, it is highly recommended to conduct regular eye examinations in these schools.

The mediating effect of intelligence between the information processing speed and numerical magni-tude in hearing-impaired children / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mediating role of intelligence in the relationship between in-formation processing speed and numerical magnitude processing of hearing-impaired children. Methods A survey was conducted among 249 hearing-impaired children by using tests of Choice Reaction Time,Numero-sity Comparison,and Raven's Progressive Matrices( simplified version). Results (1) The accurate rate of information processing speed(0. 89±0. 18)of hearing-impaired children was positively correlated with that of numerical magnitude processing(0. 65±0. 15)and intelligence(11. 83±10. 34)(r=0. 165,0. 263,both P<0. 01). The reaction time of information processing speed was negatively correlated with those of numerical mag-nitude processing and intelligence(r=-0. 164,-0. 197,both P<0. 05). And there was significant positive correlation between intelligence and numerical magnitude processing (accurate rate and reaction time ) (r=0. 269,0. 140,both P<0. 05). ( 2) The accurate rate of information processing speed significantly predicted that of numerical magnitude processing in hearing-impaired children( β=0. 17,t=2. 64,both P<0. 01). The reaction time of information processing speed significantly predicted that of numerical magnitude processing in hearing-impaired children(β=-0. 16,t=-2. 61,both P<0. 05). And intelligence played a complete medi-ating role in this relationship and the moderating effect were 36. 71% and 31. 25%. Conclusion Information processing speed has indirect effects on numerical magnitude processing through intelligence in hearing-im-paired children.

The mediating effect of intelligence between the information processing speed and numerical magnitude in hearing-impaired children / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the mediating role of intelligence in the relationship between information processing speed and numerical magnitude processing of hearing-impaired children.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted among 249 hearing-impaired children by using tests of Choice Reaction Time, Numerosity Comparison, and Raven's Progressive Matrices(simplified version).@*Results@#(1)The accurate rate of information processing speed(0.89±0.18)of hearing-impaired children was positively correlated with that of numerical magnitude processing(0.65±0.15)and intelligence(11.83±10.34)(r=0.165, 0.263, both P<0.01). The reaction time of information processing speed was negatively correlated with those of numerical magnitude processing and intelligence(r=-0.164, -0.197, both P<0.05). And there was significant positive correlation between intelligence and numerical magnitude processing (accurate rate and reaction time ) (r=0.269, 0.140, both P<0.05). (2)The accurate rate of information processing speed significantly predicted that of numerical magnitude processing in hearing-impaired children(β=0.17, t=2.64, both P<0.01). The reaction time of information processing speed significantly predicted that of numerical magnitude processing in hearing-impaired children(β=-0.16, t=-2.61, both P<0.05). And intelligence played a complete mediating role in this relationship and the moderating effect were 36.71% and 31.25%.@*Conclusion@#Information processing speed has indirect effects on numerical magnitude processing through intelligence in hearing-impaired children.

Índice de inteligibilidade (SII) e variação da intensidade do sinal de fala em crianças com deficiência de audição / Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) and variation of speech signal intensity in hearing impaired children

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar valores do índice de inteligibilidade de fala amplificado, para diferentes entradas de sinal de fala (75, 65 e 55 dBNPS), gerados no processo de verificação dos aparelhos de amplificação sonora, nos diferentes graus e configurações de perdas auditiva. Métodos Foram selecionadas 41 crianças com idades entre 3 e 80 meses, totalizando 78 orelhas (quatro orelhas foram excluídas). As perdas auditivas foram classificadas conforme grupos de audibilidade e intervalos do índice de inteligibilidade de fala. Foram analisados 234 valores do índice de inteligibilidade de fala para os estímulos de fala e estes foram também analisados, em relação aos grupos e intervalos de audibilidade. Resultados Os grupos de audibilidade se deslocaram entre os intervalos do índice de inteligibilidade de fala, indicando a variação, conforme o nível de apresentação do sinal de entrada. Duas equações foram geradas para prever valores do índice de inteligibilidade de fala a partir do valor deste índice para o sinal de entrada de 65. Conclusão Menores níveis de pressão sonora do estímulo de fala produzem menores índices de inteligibilidade de fala. Esta diferença é mais acentuada nos deficientes auditivos, que apresentam valores do índice de inteligibilidade de fala de 65 entre 36% e 55%.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare aided speech intelligibility index (SII) values in different speech signal inputs (75, 65, and 55 dBNPS), generated from the verification process of hearing aids, under different hearing loss severities and configurations. Methods 41 children aged between three and 80 months old were selected, totalizing 78 ears (after exclusion of four ears). Hearing loss was classified according to audibility groups and SII intervals. Two hundred and thirty-four (234) SII values were analyzed as per speech stimulus and with regard to groups and audibility intervals. Results Movement of audibility groups along SII intervals was observed, which indicates variation associated with the input signal intensity, as well as with the distance between the sound source and the hearing aid microphone. Two equations were generated to predict SII values from input signal SII65. Conclusion Lower levels of speech stimulus sound pressure produce lower levels of speech intelligibility. This difference is more pronounced in hearing-impaired persons, who present SII values between 36 and 55%.

Evaluation of different visual method used, to enhance communication skills between dental care providers and speech and hearing impaired patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and retentiveness of various communication methods among speech and hearing impaired patients and dental practitioners. Materials and Methods: A group of 33 school participants were selected for this study. An experimental task required the participants to follow routine dental instructions in the form of videotape and photographic charts and answer the questionnaire based on visual instructions. School participants were visited two times at an interval of 1 month. Participants were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 11 school participants, irrespective of gender and age. Group 1 received visual instructions without showing video and charts, Group 2 received video instructions, and Group 3 received photographic instructions. The questionnaires were assessed immediately and after 1 month. Results: The study results were assessed in terms of improvement in knowledge concerning communication skills and long-term retention of the instructions for 1 month. ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test revealed a significant difference between Group 1 and other groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3. The paired t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the two visits in Group 1. However, there was no significant difference between visit 1 and visit 2 in Group 2 and Group 3. Conclusion: Health-care workers and patients with special needs like hearing-impaired patients should overcome communication barriers that may hinder proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

Escala de estágios de mudança de comportamento em candidatos e usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) / Stages of change scale applied in candidates and new hearing aids users

Para que o indivíduo esteja engajado no uso do Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI), é necessário que esteja motivado no seu processo de reabilitação e o profissional, tendo como ponto de partida a identificação do estágio motivacional do paciente, poderá apoiá-lo ao longo desse processo. Neste estudo foram realizados 2 experimentos distintos. O experimento 1 teve como objetivo caracterizar os perfis estabelecidos pela análise de clusters da Escala de Estágios de Mudança para Deficientes Auditivos (URICA-Audição), com base nos estágios motivacionais para a mudança em pacientes com deficiência auditiva. O experimento 2 teve como objetivo verificar se a URICA-Audição é sensível na identificação dos estágios de mudança em indivíduos submetidos à reabilitação auditiva. No experimento 1, foram analisados 200 protocolos preenchidos por indivíduos candidatos e usuários de AASI, com idade entre 24 e 94 anos, sendo 52 candidatos e 148 usuários de AASI há pelo menos um mês. Foi aplicada a URICA-Audição, composta por 25 itens divididos em cinco subescalas, com cinco itens cada: Pré-contemplação, Contemplação, Preparação, Ação e Manutenção. Para a análise dos resultados, foi realizada a Análise de Cluster Hierárquica por meio do método de centroides. Esta análise resultou em um total de 16 clusters distintos e, na solução encontrada, 167 sujeitos (83,5% da amostra) foram distribuídos em 8 clusters principais que continham mais de 10 participantes cada; 21 sujeitos (10,5% da amostra) se distribuíram em outros 3 clusters menores com 6 a 9 participantes; e 12 sujeitos (6% da amostra) se distribuíram em 5 clusters com 1 a 4 participantes cada. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os perfis dos pacientes subdividem-se em mais do que apenas 4 ou 5 estágios, como que em um continuum e, que a URICA-Audição é uma medida que pode, potencialmente, ser utilizada para avaliar onde os pacientes encontram-se no decorrer do seu processo de reabilitação auditiva. No experimento 2, foi realizado um estudo com avaliação pré e pósintervenção em usuários de AASI. Os participantes participaram em 4 sessões de reabilitação auditiva e responderam questionários avaliativos no início e no final da pesquisa. Os resultados indicaram que houve diferença nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção, no fator Ação/Manutenção da amostra estudada, assim como, na prontidão para a mudança do grupo. Houve correlação significante entre o tempo de uso do AASI na pós-intervenção com o estágio de Ação/Manutenção. Toda a amostra do presente estudo teve progressão nos estágios de mudança após a reabilitação auditiva. Apesar da amostra reduzida, foi possível realizar um estudo de reabilitação auditiva utilizando os preceitos do MTT, no entanto, é necessária a realização de outros estudos visando estabelecer estratégias de aconselhamento em reabilitação auditiva para cada estágio de mudança de comportamento.(AU)

In order for the individual to be engaged in the use of the Hearing Aid (HA), it is necessary that he is motivated in his rehabilitation process and starting with the identification of the patient's motivational stage the professional can support him throughout this process. There were performed two different experiments in this study. Experiment 1 aimed to characterize the profiles established by the clusters analysis of the Stages of Change for the Hearing Impaired Scale (URICA-Hearing) based on the motivational stages for change in patients with hearing impaired. Experiment 2 had as objective to verify if the URICA-Hearing is sensitive in the identification of the stages of change in individuals submitted to auditory rehabilitation. In the Experiment 1, two hundred protocols were filled out by candidates and users of HA, aged between 24 and 94 years, of which 52 were candidates and 148 were users of HA for at least one month. It was applied the URICA-Hearing that is composed of 25 items divided into five subscales, with five items each subscale: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action and Maintenance. For the analysis of the results, the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed by means of the centroid method. This analysis resulted in a total of 16 distinct clusters and, in the solution found, 167 subjects (83.5% of the sample) were distributed in 8 main clusters that contained more than 10 participants each; 21 subjects (10.5% of the sample) were distributed in 3 other smaller clusters with 6 to 9 participants; and 12 subjects (6% of the sample) were distributed in 5 clusters with 1 to 4 participants each. Thus, it was verified that patients' profiles were subdivided into more than 4 or 5 stages, as in a continuum, and that URICA-Hearing is a measure that can potentially be used to assess where the patients are in the course of their auditory rehabilitation process. In Experiment 2, an study with pre and post-intervention evaluation was performed in HA users. Subjects participated in 4 sessions of auditory rehabilitation and answered evaluative questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the research. The results indicated that there were differences in the pre and post-intervention moments, in the Action/Maintenance factor as well as in the readiness to change of the studied sample. There was a significant correlation between the time of use of the HA in the post-intervention with the Action/Maintenance stage. All the sample of the present study had progression in the stages of change after the auditory rehabilitation. Despite the reduced sample, it was possible to perform a hearing rehabilitation study using the TTM precepts, however, it is necessary to carry out other studies aimed at establishing auditory rehabilitation counseling strategies for each stage of behavior change.(AU)

Principais dificuldades e obstáculos enfrentados pela comunidade surda no acesso à saúde: uma revisão integrativa de literatura / Main difficulties and obstacles faced by the deaf community in health access: an integrative literature review

RESUMO Buscou-se identificar na literatura os principais obstáculos e dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas surdas quanto ao acesso à saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, considerando estudos publicados entre 2006 e 2016, utilizando combinações de descritores controlados. As bases de dados virtuais utilizadas foram: LILACS, PUBMED e SciELO, incluindo artigos publicados em Inglês, Português e Espanhol. A amostra final foi composta por 24 artigos, selecionados após análise dos títulos, resumos e textos na íntegra. Os estudos selecionados foram categorizados quanto às principais temáticas e dificuldades enfrentadas pela comunidade surda, sendo principalmente relacionadas à barreira comunicacional existente entre ouvintes e surdos. Tal fato culmina em interferências na relação profissional-paciente, compreensão deficitária das pessoas surdas quanto ao processo saúde-doença e as dificuldades de integração da pessoa surda na comunidade. Na maioria dos estudos analisados, evidenciou-se que as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas pessoas surdas quando buscam atendimento em saúde são ligadas à comunicação, bem como desconhecimento de Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) por grande parte dos profissionais de saúde. Além disso, também há a necessidade de familiar ou intérprete presente durante a consulta e a falta de compreensão de grande parte da comunidade surda como sujeitos bilíngues e multiculturais.

ABSTRACT The main obstacles faced by deaf people in access to healthcare services were investigated in the literature. This is an integrative literature review, considering studies published between 2006 and 2016, using combinations of controlled descriptors. The virtual databases used were: LILACS, PUBMED and SciELO, including articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The final sample was composed of 24 articles, selected after analysis of titles, abstracts and full texts. The elected studies were categorized according to themes and to the presented difficulties, mainly concerning communication obstacles between deaf and normally hearing people. This fact interferes on the doctor-patient relationship, producing a poor understanding by the deaf community about the health-disease process and causing a challenging integration of those people in the society. The majority of the analyzed studies indicated that the main obstacles faced by the deaf regarding the access to healthcare services are communication related, especially the healthcare professionals unfamiliarity with the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). In addition, there is also the need for a family member or interpreter to be present during the consultation. Furthermore, the lack of perception on the hearing society part, of the deaf community as bilingual and multicultural subjects, was verified.

Ensino de comportamento verbal por múltiplos exemplares em uma criança com desordem do espectro da neuropatia auditiva: estudo de caso / Verbal behavior teaching by multiple exemplars in a child with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: a case study

RESUMO A Desordem do Espectro da Neuropatia Auditiva (DENA) é caracterizada pela dificuldade no estabelecimento do comportamento verbal nas modalidades de ouvinte e de falante, por uma dessincronia na condução nervosa da estimulação sonora recebida, ocasionando perdas auditivas. O implante coclear tem sido uma alternativa que estabiliza a detecção sonora, porém, discriminar e reconhecer o que se ouve e estabelecer relações com a fala irá requerer aprendizagem. Um procedimento de reconhecida eficácia no estabelecimento de repertórios verbais em crianças com pouca ou nenhuma linguagem é o Multiple Exemplar Instruction (MEI). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a replicabilidade dos resultados obtidos com o MEI com outras populações no ensino e integração entre os repertórios de ouvir e de falar em uma criança de seis anos com DENA e implante coclear bilateral. O ensino foi conduzido com três conjuntos de estímulos, e consistiu na apresentação rotativa de respostas de ouvinte, baseadas na seleção de figuras mediante palavra ditada e, de falante, após uma palavra ditada (ecoico) e mediante a nomeação de uma figura (tato). Repetidas sondas avaliaram o desempenho nos conjuntos de estímulos. Ainda que com alguma variabilidade no responder, as respostas de seleção foram estabelecidas primeiro e as respostas de falante, gradativamente, ao longo de sucessivas sessões. As condições sob as quais o repertório de falante pode ser refinado e a generalização dos resultados para outros participantes com DENA devem ser investigadas.

ABSTRACT Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) is characterized by a difficulty in establishing verbal behavior in the speaker and listener modalities due to an asynchrony in the nervous conduction of sound stimuli, leading to hearing loss. Cochlear implants are an alternative that stabilizes sound detection; however, discriminating and recognizing what is heard and establishing relations to speech requires learning. A procedure with recognized efficacy in establishing verbal repertoires in children with little or no language is Multiple Exemplar Instruction (MEI). The objective of this study was to verify replicability of results obtained from MEI with other populations for teaching and integrating listener and speaker behaviors on a six year-old child with ANSD and bilateral cochlear implants. The study was conducted with three sets of stimuli and consisted in a rotated presentation of listener responses, based on figure selection from dictated words, and of speaker responses, after a dictated word (echoic) and figure naming (tact). Repeated probes evaluated performance on the set of stimuli. Even though there is some variability in responding, selection responses were established first and speaker responses occurred gradually throughout successive sessions. The conditions under which a speaker’s repertoire may be refined, and generalization of these results to other participants with ANSD should be further investigated.

Qualitative Study for Medication Use among the Hearing Impaired in Korea

OBJECTIVE: Because of communication difficulties, the hearing-impaired face many disadvantages throughout their lives. One of those is limited access to health care services, particularly medication service. Though they suffer from problems related to taking medication properly, there have been few studies on their actual condition of medication use in Korea. This study is to investigate any obstacles to properly taking medications and, therefore, to suggest preliminary evidence for policy measures to improve safe medication use among the hearing-impaired. METHODS: Study participants consisted of hearing-impaired individuals living in Seoul. We also interviewed two sign language interpreters in order to illuminate health care state of the hearing-impaired. In-depth interview for each study participant was recorded and was translated into a written script for analysis. RESULTS: Study participants were comprised of four women (66.6%) and two men (33.3%). There were one participants in 20's, two participants in 30's, one 40's, and two 50's. Sign language interpreters were all women. One was in her 30's and the other was in her 40's. Communication difficulties have been found to be key barrier to use medication safely. A negative image of pharmacists also hinders safe medication usage, lowering access to local pharmacy and leading discretional self-medication. This article provides pharmacists with solutions to promote adherence in this population. CONCLUSION: The hearing-impaired had limited access to medication-related information as well as using services in a hospital and local pharmacy due to their disability. Institutional improvement for safe medication usage among the hearing-impaired is necessary.

Speech Intelligibility in Persian Hearing Impaired Children with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids

The aim of present study is to evaluate and compare speech intelligibility in hearing impaired children with cochlear implants (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users and children with normal hearing (NH). The sample consisted of 45 Persian-speaking children aged 3 to 5-years-old. They were divided into three groups, and each group had 15, children, children with CI and children using hearing aids in Hamadan. Participants was evaluated by the test of speech intelligibility level. Results of ANOVA on speech intelligibility test showed that NH children had significantly better reading performance than hearing impaired children with CI and HA. Post-hoc analysis, using Scheffe test, indicated that the mean score of speech intelligibility of normal children was higher than the HA and CI groups; but the difference was not significant between mean of speech intelligibility in children with hearing loss that use cochlear implant and those using HA. It is clear that even with remarkabkle advances in HA technology, many hearing impaired children continue to find speech production a challenging problem. Given that speech intelligibility is a key element in proper communication and social interaction, consequently, educational and rehabilitation programs are essential to improve speech intelligibility of children with hearing loss.

A Comparative Study of Auditory Memory in sentences between the Hearing-Impaired Children and Normal Children of 3~4 Years / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the differences of the correct memorization of a sentence with auditory between the hearing-impaired children after rehabilitation training and normal children.Methods Twenty-four hearing-impaired children and 14 normal hearing children at age 3~4 were selected.The hearing-impaired chil-dren were divided into two groups according to the length of the hearing device.The closed-set sentence test of e-valuation of auditory response to speech (EARS)was used.Results 1 .In the first test,the hearing-impaired chil-dren with hearing device 2 to 3 years whose correct rate was 57.14%were close to the normal children whose correct rate was 58.93%.The hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 1 to 2 years whose correct rate was 32.5%were worse than the children of other two groups 2 .In the second test,the hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 2 to 3 years whose correct rate was 44.64% were better than the hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 1 to 2 years whose the correct rate was 22.5%.The normal children whose the correct rate was 55.36%were better than the children of other two groups.3.There was no significant difference to correctly memorize a sen-tence between three groups in the first test,but there was significant difference to correctly memorize a sentence between the hearing-impaired with hearing device 1 to 2 years and the hearing-impaired children with hearing de-vice 2 to 3 years (P0.05).Conclusion The length with hear-ing device strengthens the ability of hearing-impaired children in correctly memorizing a sentence after rehabilitation training.And the content of test affects the result ,it provides reference to the hearing-impaired children's auditory training .