Embolismo pulmonar masivo y trombo en ventrículo derecho postinfarto agudo de miocardio / Massive pulmonary embolism and right ventricle thrombus post-acute myocardial infarct

Resumen Introducción: un trombo en ventrículo derecho y embolismo pulmonar post infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del ST es muy inusual. Es considerado una emergencia médica y es imperativo instaurar una opción terapéutica inmediata. Presentación del caso: paciente femenina de 80 años quien consultó en sala de emergencias por síncope, dolor torácico y disnea persistente. Se confirmó síndrome coronario agudo por electrocardiograma y troponina I elevada. En estudios complementarios se encontró hallazgo incidental de trombo en el ventrículo derecho y un angio-TAC confirmó embolismo pulmonar masivo. Discusión: el trombo en ventrículo derecho y embolismo pulmonar masivo post infarto es un fenómeno muy raro en el escenario clínico, debido a la instauración temprana de la terapia anti-isquémica. Es necesario mayor investigación para aclarar este fenómeno.

Abstract Introduction: right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary embolism after acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation is very unusual. It is considered a medical emergency and it is imperative to establish an immediate therapeutic option. Case presentation: An 80-year-old female patient visited the emergency room for syncope, chest pain, and persistent dyspnea. Acute coronary syndrome was confirmed by electrocardiogram and elevated troponin I. In complementary studies, an incidental finding of a thrombus in the right ventricle was found and a CT angiography confirmed massive pulmonary embolism. Discussion: thrombus in the right ventricle and massive post-infarction pulmonary embolism is a very rare phenomenon in the clinical setting due to the early introduction of anti-ischemic therapy. More research is needed to clarify this phenomenon.

Clinical and echocardiographic features of left ventricular diverticulum in adults: a report of 4 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

To explore the clinical and imaging profiles of left ventricular (LV) diverticulum in adults and review the key points for its differential diagnosis.The clinical and imaging features were reviewed for 2 female and 2 male patients clinically diagnosed with LV diverticulum.Their clinical manifestations and electrocardio graphic presentations were nonspecific.On echocardiography,all diverticula,located at LV apex,had a thinned and weakened wall continuing and contracting synchronously with the adjacent LV wall.Two cases were diagnosed as congenital diverticulum without any other cardiac or thoraco-abdominal anomaly.And the other two had existing coronary artery diseases with significantly reduced global and apical LV systolic function.Mural thrombosis in diverticulum was determined in one congenital case.One patient died of cardiac failue.It suggested that LV diverticulum in adults may be congenital and secondary etiologically.The former is mostly isolated and apically situated while the latter often results from regional myocardial ischemia and elevated intracavitary LV pressure at an ill-perfused area.Echocardiography can demonstrate the 2-dimensional and flow hemodynamics of diverticulum in real time so as to facilitate its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Isolated Congenital Left Ventricular Diverticulum in Adults

Isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. Here, we report the case of a 33-year-old woman who had suffered from recurrent transient ischemic attacks for 6 years. Preoperative cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography revealed a diverticulum near the apex. The diverticulum was successfully obliterated by cardiopulmonary bypass. We suggest that isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum can be easily corrected with a low surgical risk by patch repair and plication techniques.

Medidas morfofuncionais do coração obtidas por ressonância magnética em brasileiros / Morphological and functional measurements of the heart obtained by magnetic resonance imaging in Brazilians

FUNDAMENTO: Medidas ainda hoje utilizadas como referência na ressonância magnética cardíaca foram obtidas principalmente de estudos realizados em populações norte-americanas e europeias. OBJETIVO: Obter medidas do diâmetro diastólico, diâmetro sistólico, volume diastólico final, volume sistólico final, fração de ejeção e massa miocárdica dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito em brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos à ressonância magnética cardíaca, utilizando técnica de precessão livre em estado de equilíbrio, 54 homens e 53 mulheres, com idade média de 43,4 ± 13,1 anos, assintomáticos, sem cardiopatias. RESULTADOS: As médias e os desvios padrão dos parâmetros do ventrículo esquerdo foram: diâmetro diastólico = 4,8 ± 0,5 cm; diâmetro sistólico = 3,0 ± 0,6 cm; volume diastólico final = 128,4 ± 29,6 mL; volume sistólico final = 45,2 ± 16,6 mL; fração de ejeção = 65,5 ± 6,3%; massa = 95,2 ± 30,8 g. Para o ventrículo direito, foram: diâmetro diastólico = 3,9 ± 1,3 cm; diâmetro sistólico = 2,5 ± 0,5 cm; volume diastólico final = 126,5 ± 30,7 mL; volume sistólico final = 53,6 ± 18,4 mL; fração de ejeção = 58,3 ± 8,0% e massa = 26,1 ± 6,1 g. As massas e os volumes foram significativamente maiores nos homens, exceto para o volume sistólico final do ventrículo esquerdo. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo direito foi significativamente maior nas mulheres. Houve correlação significativa e inversa do volume sistólico do volume direito com o aumento da idade. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo descreveu, pela primeira vez, medidas cardíacas obtidas pela ressonância magnética cardíaca em brasileiros assintomáticos, sem cardiopatias, mostrando diferenças de acordo com o gênero e a idade.

BACKGROUND: Still today, measurements used as a reference in the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have been obtained mainly from studies carried out in North-American and European populations. OBJECTIVE: To obtain measurements of the diastolic diameter, systolic diameter, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, ejection fraction, and myocardial mass of the left and right ventricles in Brazilians. METHODS: 54 men and 53 women, with mean age of 43.4 ± 13.1 years, asymptomatic, with no cardiomyopathies, have been subjected to the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, using a balanced steady state free precession technique. RESULTS: The averages and the standard deviations of the parameters for the left ventricle have been: diastolic diameter = 4.8 ± 0.5 cm; systolic diameter = 3.0 ± 0.6 cm; end diastolic volume = 128.4 ± 29.6 mL; end systolic volume = 45.2 ± 16.6 mL; ejection fraction = 65.5 ± 6.3%; mass = 95.2 ± 30.8 g. For the right ventricle, they have been: diastolic diameter = 3.9 ± 1.3 cm; systolic diameter = 2.5 ± 0.5 cm; end diastolic volume = 126.5 ± 30.7 mL; end systolic volume = 53.6 ± 18.4 mL; ejection fraction = 58.3 ± 8.0%, and mass = 26.1 ± 6.1 g. The masses and the volumes were significantly greater in the men, except for the end systolic volume of the left ventricle. The ejection fraction of the right ventricle has been significantly greater in the women. There has been a significant and inverted correlation of the systolic volume of the right volume with the progression of the age. CONCLUSION: This study has described, for the first time, cardiac measurements obtained through the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in Brazilians, asymptomatic, with no cardiomyopathies, showing differences in accordance with gender and age.

Falso falso tendão / False false tendon

Falso tendão no ventrículo esquerdo é comumente observado no ecocardiograma bidimensional. Com o advento do ecocardiograma tridimensional, tivemos a oportunidade de melhor observá-lo e pudemos detectar a presença de falso tendão e tipo membrana muscular que seria um falso falso tendão, mas que, na observação do ecocardiograma bidimensional, seria a mesma entidade. Este estudo mostrou a diferença entre eles e enfatiza a necessidade de melhor avaliação das variantes anatômicas para prognóstico e talvez implicação clínica.

False tendon in left ventricle is commonly observed in bidimensional echocardiography. In light of tridimensional echocardiography we had the opportunity to better observe the false tendon and we could detect the presence of false tendon and like muscular membrane that would be a false false tendon that is observed at bidimensional echocardiography as the same entity. This study shows the difference between both and emphasize the necessity to better evaluate these anatomic variants about prognostic and may be clinical implications.

Comparative study between right ventricular septal pacing and right ventricular apical pacing / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of right ventricular septal pacing with active fixation electrodes.Methods This was a randomized and control clinical trial.Patients implanted with pacemaker were randomly divided into two groups.One group underwent the right ventrieular high septal pacing with the active fixation electrodes(RVS group),and the other group underwent the right ventricular apical pacing with the passive fixation electrodes(control group).The parameter was recorded in two groups in and after operation and compared accordingly.Results (1)There were no significant differences in the procedure time between two groups[averaged(59.6±3.2)and(60.2±3.7)minutes respectively].But the time of exposing X-ray was significant longer in RVS group.(2)There was no significant difference in acute implanting measurement,except perioperative and postoperative threshold 1 month in RVS group was higher than that in control group(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).After 3 months,there was no significant difference.(3)Impedance decreased significantly in 1 month and 3 months in RVS group[P＜0.01 or＜0.05).(4)There was no difference in R-wave sensing between two groups.(5)After 100%pacing,the mean QRS duration Was shorter in RVS group,but the difference was not significant.(6)Operations in two groups came off smoothly and there were no complications.Conclusion It is feasible and secure to pace from RVS with active fixation electrodes.

Respuesta hipotensora al tratamiento agudo con péptido natriurético auricular: su relación con la expresión y la actividad de la óxido nítrico sintetasa cardíaca en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas / Hypotensive Response to Acute Treatment with Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Its Relationship with Cardiac Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Introducción El péptido natriurético auricular (ANP) y el óxido nítrico (NO) aumentan la diuresis y la natriuresis y disminuyen el tono vascular. Previamente demostramos que el NO está involucrado en el efecto hipotensor del ANP en ratas normotensas. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del ANP sobre la presión arterial media (PAM) y el sistema del NO en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas (SHR) y Wistar Kyoto (WKY) y la participación de la isoforma inducible de la NO-sintasa (iNOS). Material y métodos Protocolo 1: los animales fueron infundidos con solución salina (0,05 ml/min) o con ANP (0,2 µg/kg/min) durante 1 hora. Se determinaron: PAM y nitritos y nitratos urinarios (NOx). Se extrajo el corazón y se determinaron la actividad, con L-[U14C]-arginina, y la expresión (Western blot) de iNOS y NOS endotelial (eNOS). Protocolo 2: luego del agregado de ANP (1 µM), cANP(4-23) (agonista NPR-C,1µM) o aminoguanidina (inhibidor de iNOS, 1 µM) se determinó la actividad de la NOS en la aurícula derecha y en el ventrículo izquierdo de SHR y WKY. Resultados La infusión con ANP disminuyó la PAM y aumentó los NOx en ambos grupos. La actividad NOS fue mayor en SHR y se incrementó con la infusión de ANP. Se observaron niveles proteicos mayores para eNOS e iNOS en SHR, que no se modificaron con ANP. La actividad basal de iNOS fue mayor en SHR. En la aurícula, el ANP sólo interactuaría con el NPR-C para activar la NOS y en el ventrículo también participarían los receptores NPR-A/B. El desarrollo y/o el mantenimiento de la hipertensión en este modelo experimental involucraría alteraciones en la interacción entre ambos sistemas, ANP y NO.

Background Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO) increase diuresis and natriuresis and reduce vascular tone. We have previously demonstrated that NO is involved in ANP hypotensive effect in normotensive rats. Objective To assess the effect of ANP on mean blood pressure (MBP) and on NO system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY), and the role of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Material and Methods Protocol 1: animals were instilled with saline solution (0.05 ml/min) or with ANP (0.2 µg/kg/min) for an hour. MBP and urinary nitrites and nitrates (NOx) were assessed. The heart was extracted and iNOS and endothelial iNOS (eNOS) activity (with L-[U14C]-arginine) and expression (Western blot) were determined. Protocol 2: after adding ANP (1 µM), cANP(4-23) (NPR-C agonist, 1µM) or aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor, 1 µM) NOS activity in the right atrium and left ventricle of SHR and WKY was determined. Results Instillation with ANP reduced MBP and increased NOx in both groups. NOS activity was greater in SHR, and increased with the instillation of ANP. In SHR, greater eNOS and iNOS protein levels were observed, which were not modified by ANP. iNOS basal activity was greater in SHR. In the atrium, ANP interacts only with NPR-C in order to activate NOS, and NPR-A/B receptors would also take part in the ventricle. In this experimental model, the development and maintenance of hypertension could involve alterations in the interaction between both systems, ANP and NO.

Changes of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels according to Right Ventricular HemodynaMics after a Pulmonary Resection / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The correlation between levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the effect of pulmonary resection on the right ventricle of the heart is not yet widely known. This study aims to assess the relationship between the change in hemodynamic values of the right ventricle and increased BNP levels as a compensatory mechanism for right heart failure following pulmonary resection and to evaluate the role of the BNP level as an index of right heart failure after pulmonary resection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In 12 non small cell lung cancer patients that had received a lobectomy or pnemonectomy, the level of NT-proBNP was measured using the immunochemical method (Elecsys 1010(R), Roche, Germany) which was compared with hemodynamic variables determined through the use of a Swan-Ganz catheter prior to and following the surgery. Echocardiography was performed prior to and following the surgery, to measure changes in right ventricular and left ventricular pressures. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSSWIN (version 11.5). RESULT: The level of postoperative NT-proBNP (pg/mL) significantly increased for 6 hours, then for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days after the surgery (p=0.003, 0.002, 0.002, 0.006, 0.004). Of the hemodynamic variables measured using the Swan-Ganz catheter, the mean pulmonary artery pressure after the surgery when compared with the pressure prior to surgery significantly increased at 0 hours, 6 hours, then 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days after the surgery (p=0.002, 0.002, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008). The right ventricular pressure significantly increased at 0 hours, 6 hours, then 1 day, and 3 days after the surgery (p=0.006, 0.009, 0.044, 0.032). The pulmonary vascular resistance index [pulmonary vascular resistance index=(mean pulmonary artery pressure-mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)/cardiac output index] significantly increased at 6 hours, then 2 days after the surgery (p=0.008, 0.028). When a regression analysis was conducted for changes in the mean pulmonary artery pressure and NT-proBNP levels after the surgery, significance was evident after 6 hours (r=0.602, p=0.038) and there was no significance thereafter. Echocardiography displayed no significant changes after the surgery. CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between changes in the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the NT-proBNP level 6 hours after a pulmonary resection. Therefore, it can be concluded that changes in NT-proBNP level after a pulmonary resection can serve as an index that reflects early hemodynamic changes in the right ventricle after a pulmonary resection.

Redo-left Ventricular Volume Reduction Surgery in a Patient with Left Ventricular Aneurysm: 1 case / 대한흉부외과학회지

Surgical anterior ventricular endocardial restoration (SAVER) is a technique that improves hemodynamic status by excluding akinetic or dyskinetic portions of the left ventricle, restores the ventricle to normal elliptical shape and reduces ventricular wall tension to normal level in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction that accompanies aneurysm. We performed redo-SAVER procedure in a 40-year old man with remodeled dilated ventricle who had already underwent LV aneurysmectomy 12 years earlier, and the results were satisfactory.

Congenital Coronary Artery to Left Ventricular Fistula: A case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Coronary artery fistula accounts for 0.27~0.4% of all congenital cardiac defects. In more than 50% of the cases, right coronary artery is involved. The fistula drains into the right heart in 92% of the cases. Left heart is the site of termination in only 8% of the cases, especially less left ventricle (3%). We experienced a case of right coronary artery to left ventricular fistula in a 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed incidentally and underwent ligation of fistula.

Surgical Treatment of Postinfarct Ventricular Double Rupture: A case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Here we report a case of posterior left ventricular (LV) free wall rupture following postinfarct ventricular septal rupture (VSR). A 58-year-old man was transferred to the hospital under the impression of acute myocardial infarction. Posterior VSR was seen on echocardiographic examination. The intraaortic balloon pump catheter was introduced percutaneously and the emergent operation was proposed. Sudden circulatory collapse was developed shortly after the anesthetic induction and the patient's chest was hurriedly opened while on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The acute cardiac tamponade was seen and the blood was seen pumping from the longitudinal tear at the mid-level of LV posterior wall, measuring 2 cm in length. The cardiopulmonary bypass was set and LV reconstruction was done. The postoperative recovery was delayed due to the brain injury presumably caused by preoperative cardiac arrest.

Impact of Geometry of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract on Left Ventricular Diastolic Transmitral Inflow Doppler Patterns

BACKGROUND: Aging is an important factor to determine transmitral inflow velocity pattern. Cardiac geometry such as left ventricular (LV) volume, mass and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) was also changed with age. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of geometric change of LVOT on transmitral inflow velocity pattern excluding a factor of age. METHODS: Healthy 115 (61 men, 37+/-15 years) individuals were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed to measure LV mass, thickness, left atrial (LA) size, aortoseptal angle (ASA), early (E) and late (A) transmitral inflow velocity, and deceleration time (DT). ASA was measured at mid-diastole in apical long-axis view according to a method as the open angle between the edge of the interventricular septum and axis perpendicular to the aortic annulus. The relation between transmitral inflow velocity pattern and LV geometric parameters was analyzed by regression analysis. RESULTS: Simple regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between transmitral inflow parameters with age and geometric parameters (ASA, LA size and LV mass index). Multiple regression analysis, taking into consideration age, ASA, LA size and LV mass index showed that only age was an independent predictor for E, A, DT, and E/A ratio (r2=0.210, Beta coefficient (beta)=0.459, p<0.001;r2=0.427, beta=0.654, p<0.001;r2=0.227, beta=-0.476, p<0.001;r2=0.436, beta=-0.661, p<0.001, respectively). But, excluding age, ASA was an independent predictor for E, A, DT, and E/A ratio (r2=0.151, beta=0.389, p<0.001;r2=0.294, beta=0.542, p<0.001;r2=0.227, beta=-0.476, p<0.001;r2=0.260, beta=0.509, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: ASA, a parameter of LVOT geometry, might be an important factor related to transmitral inflow velocity pattern excluding a factor of age.

Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Ventricular Septal Defect by Penetrating Chest Injury / 대한흉부외과학회지

Thirteen year old boy who had been stabbed in his left chest by the knife was transferred to our department from a general hospital, because of the massive bleeding from the intercostal tube drainage. Chest X-ray showed homogeneous density in the left lung field. He was confused and his vital signs were unstable. He was moved into a operating room as soon as possible. After resuscitation, his lacerated left ventricle wound was sutured through median sternotomy. The interventricular shunt was detected with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. The traumatic ventricular septal defect was closed via left ventricle using Dacron patch. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged with small residual shunt.

Efficacy of a new microbubble contrast agent of C_3F_8 in opacification of left ventricle / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a new micro-bubble contrast agent of C_3F_8 in the opacification of the left ventricle. Methods Seven pigs received a bolus injection of C_3F_8 (0.002) and (0.02) (ml/kg) intravenously. Left ventricular opacification grades and number of endocardial border delineation segments were observed and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were measured using modified Simpson method after each intravenous contrast injection. Heart rate and respiration rate were recorded before and after each injection. Results There was a significant improvement for every measurement of contrast enhancement in each intravenous injection. In addition, part of myocardial tissue could be enhanced after contrast injection. There was no difference in heart rate and respiration rate between pre- and post-injection. Conclusions This new contrast agent is safe and helpful in delineating endocardial border of the left ventricle.

A follow-up study on durability of valved homograft conduit used in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate the durability of the cryopreserved valved homograft conduit (VHC) used in reconstruction the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and its risk factors. Methods 119 cases undergoing VHC reconstruction the RVOT in our hospital between November 1989 and July 2003. 65 cases were followed-up, including the clinical examination, electroeardiography, chest radiography, echooardiography, or cardiac MRI for detection of development of homograft calcifications, obstruction and conduit valve regurgitation, and we used the morden statistics method to analyze the factors for the VHCs' durability. Results Among 65 cases, the median survival time for the VHCs was 10.9 years. The longest survival lasted for 12.8 years.The homografts failure was 15.4% . Conclusion The younger age(≤4y), smaller weighl(≤10 kg),aortic homograft are the risk factors for the VHC' durability(P

Impairment of Right Ventricular Diastolic Function in Early Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is associated with a unique form of cardiomyopathy in the absence of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have not been defined, but is associated with early left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction following an altered LV contractile performance. However, less attention has been paid to the right ventricular (RV) diastolic function in diabetes. Therefore, the changes in the RV ans LV filling dynamics, in patients with early type 2 diabetes, were investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The transtricuspid and trans-mitral flows were assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, at maximal inspiration and expiration, in 48 subjects (mean age: 62+/-9 years, M:F=16:32) with type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM group) and 34 normal subjects (control group ; mean age:59+/-9 years, M:F=15:19, ranging from 45-75 years of age) with normal LV systolic function and ECG at rest. Subjects with diabetic complication, nephropathy (Cr >1.5 mg/dL), LVH and COPD were excluded. RESULTS: The mitral E/A ratio and DT (deceleration time) showed no significant difference between the type 2 DM and control groups. The LV and RV systolic functions also showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the type 2 DM group had a lower tricuspid E/A ratio (0.98+/-0.25 vs. 1.17+/-0.21, p<0.001) and a longer tricuspid DT (241+/-65 msec vs. 208+/-51 msec, p=0.016) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The right ventricular diastolic function is frequently abnormal in early type 2 diabetes. This suggests that right ventricular diastolic dysfunction may be an important predictor for the early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm after Surgery for Infective Endocarditis with Annular Abscess: A case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

We report a surgical case of 39-year-old male with a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. Four years ago, the patient underwent aortic and mitral valve replacements with mechanical valves and abscess removal for infective endocarditis with annular abscess. Recent echocardiography demonstrated a communication between left ventricle and abscess pocket, and the size of pocket increased further at the follow-up echocardiography. The patient underwent patch closure of the defect between left ventricle and pseudoaneurysm located at the aortomitral fibrous continuity, under the cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 9th postoperative day.

Anticoagulant Therapy for Left Ventricular Thrombosis after Dor Procedure / 대한흉부외과학회지

Left ventricular thrombosis is a frequent and potentially dangerous complication in acute myocardiac infarction, but its occurrence and adequate therapy has not been known in patients with Dor procedure for the ischemic cardiomyopathy. We report a patient, 45 year-old male, who had a new left ventricular thrombus developed after coronary arterial bypass graft, Dor procedure, and removal of the left ventricular thrombus for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular thrombus was disappeared on the follow-up cardiac MRI following intravenous heparin injection and oral coumadin therapy. This case suggest that anticoagulation therapy may prevent patients with the severe left ventricular dysfunction and apical aneurysm and dyskinesia from developing the left ventricular thrombus, and that thrombi will resolve without clinical evidence of systemic embolism.

Capillary Hemangioma of the Right Ventricle: A Case Report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Cardiac capillary hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor. We report a case of 13 year old male patient who was admitted for dyspnea. After we confirmed the right ventricular mass with moderate flow obstruction by echocardiogram, we performed complete resection of the mass through the right atrium and identified the capillary hemangioma with pathologic examination. Therefore, we report the case with literature review.