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La prevalencia de depresión en adolescentes es aproximadamente 7% en Chile. Sólo entre 18% y 34% de jóvenes con depresión accede a ayuda profesional. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar barreras y facilitadores para la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en salud mental, desde la perspectiva de adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años con depresión en Santiago de Chile. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo desde el enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron diez entrevistas semi estructuradas a adolescentes, que fueron analizadas con teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Las principales barreras fueron estigma, minimización de síntomas y preocupación por confidencialidad. Los principales facilitadores fueron contar con red de apoyo, reconocimiento de síntomas e intervenciones escolares que favorecen la detección de síntomas. Conclusiones: Se debe trabajar de manera conjunta con adolescentes, sus familias, pares y sistema escolar brindando información sobre la depresión y su tratamiento.
The prevalence of depression in adolescents is approximately 7% in Chile. Only between 18% and 34% of young people with depression access professional help. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the barriers and facilitators for seeking professional help in mental health, from the perspective of adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age with depression in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was carried out from the phenomenological approach. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and analyzed with grounded theory. Results: The main barriers were stigma, minimization of symptoms, and concerns about confidentiality. The main facilitators were having a support network, symptom recognition, and school interventions that favor symptom detection. Conclusions: Joint work should be done with adolescents, their families, peers, and school system providing information about depression and its treatment.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Mental Health , Depression/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Help-Seeking Behavior , Barriers to Access of Health ServicesABSTRACT
Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en el bienestar psicológico de la población, siendo los jóvenes un grupo especialmente vulnerable. Objetivo: El presente estudio se propuso examinar los niveles de búsqueda de ayuda (formal e informal) para problemas en salud mental y sus variables asociadas en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de la Región de La Araucanía, en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: A través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se reclutó a 500 estudiantes de entre 18 y 29 años. Se describió y comparó su nivel de búsqueda de ayuda, así como variables que podrían obstaculizarla o facilitarla, según género. Adicionalmente, se estimaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple diferenciados por género, con la búsqueda de ayuda informal como variable criterio. Resultados: Se evidenció una renuencia general a buscar ayuda (formal e informal) tanto en hombres como mujeres, una mayor experimentación de malestar psicológico y mayor conocimiento sobre salud mental en mujeres. Finalmente, se observaron diferencias en los predictores de la búsqueda de ayuda informal entre hombres y mujeres, siendo el apoyo social y las emociones negativas en pandemia los únicos comunes entre géneros. Conclusión: Se discuten los bajos niveles de búsqueda de ayuda evidenciados, y las diferencias observadas en variables asociadas, en función de la brecha de género en salud mental.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological well-being of the population, with young people being a particularly vulnerable group. Aim: The present study examines help-seeking intention for mental health problems and associated variables among male and female university students in La Araucanía Region during the COVI-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of 500 students aged 18 to 29 was recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Help-seeking levels and facilitating or hindering variables were compared by gender. Multiple linear regression models were estimated separately by gender to predict the criterion variable of informal help-seeking. Results: The results indicate that both men and women are reluctant to seek help (formal and informal). Women reported higher levels of psychological distress and greater knowledge about mental health than men. Differences in predictors of informal help-seeking between men and women are evidenced, with social support and negative emotions in pandemic being the only common predictors between genders. Conclusion: The low levels of help-seeking evidenced, and the differences observed in associated variables based on the gender gap in mental health, are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Help-Seeking Behavior , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Stress, Psychological , Chile , Depression , Pandemics , Psychological Well-BeingABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the current situation of clinical help-seeking of anesthesiologists and analyze the influencing factors of help-seeking behaviors in order to provide a basis for improving the help-seeking ability of anesthesiologists.Methods:The anesthesiologists in 35 public hospitals in Hubei province were investigated using a self-designed questionnaire, and the demographic differences and influencing factors related to help-seeking were analyzed.Results:The score for the help-seeking attitude questionnaire of anesthesiologists was (3.6±0.4). The score for the help-seeking needs sub-questionnaire of anesthesiologists was (2.7±0.6), and the score for the help-seeking behavior sub-questionnaire was (3.0±0.4). The item with the highest score was " special patients or patient emergency needs help", and the item with the lowest score was " self injury potential needs help". There was a statistically significant difference in the scores for the help-seeking needs sub-questionnaire for anesthesiologists of different ages and working years ( P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for the help-seeking attitude questionnaire and help-seeking behavior sub-questionnaire for anesthesiologists of different genders, ages, professional titles, working years, personnel types, and whether they obtained a doctor′s license ( P>0.05). The percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " they did not ask for help timely or without asking for help" was 35.4%, and the percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " colleagues did not ask for help timely or without asking for help" was 50.7%. Among the reasons why the need for help did not translate into help-seeking behavior, the percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " doctors think they can solve" was the highest (74.0%). Conclusions:Anesthesiologists in public hospitals have a positive attitude towards seeking-help and can better translate the need for help into behaviors. The main reasons for delay in seeking-help or non-seeking-help are inaccurate assessment of their own ability and inability to grasp the opportunity of seeking-help, and targeted training should be carried out to improve the doctors′ help-seeking ability.
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Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative studies of impediments to help-seeking behavior in victims of elder abuse.Methods:A computer search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsyINFO, Scopus, China Biology Medicine disc, China Knowledge Network, Vipshop, and Wanfang was conducted to collect qualitative studies on help-seeking in abused older adults, with search time from establishment of the database to February 2022. The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care quality assessment criteria, and the results were integrated using the Meta integration method.Results:A total of 9 papers were included, 32 results were extracted and grouped into 9 categories, and 3 integrated results were synthesized including the role of personal factors, the influence of cultural values, and the lack of effective support networks.Conclusions:Seeking help after elder abuse is a complex process influenced by a variety of personal, social and cultural factors. Awareness of seeking help after abuse should be raised, attention should be paid to the physical and mental health of the elderly, and professional assistance and counseling services should be provided.
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Resumen: Prevenir y detectar tempranamente los problemas de salud mental en población adolescente es fundamental para disminuir la posibilidad de desarrollar trastornos más graves. Asimismo, buscar ayuda para estos problemas y acceder de manera oportuna a la atención en salud mental en este grupo es necesario. No obstante, se ha constatado que los adolescentes tienden a no buscar ayuda profesional cuando presentan sintomatología de trastornos emocionales y, cuando la buscan, más bien lo hacen en fuentes informales. Diversas barreras, a nivel individual, estructural, social, y de la relación profesional salud-paciente, pueden obstaculizar la conducta de búsqueda de ayuda en los adolescentes. Entre estas se encuentra la preocupación de los jóvenes por la confidencialidad. En el presente artículo se expone y analiza evidencia sobre el rol de la confidencialidad en la conducta de búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en adolescentes, planteando en su análisis una mirada desde la bioética y señalando algunas de sus implicancias en el abordaje de las prestaciones de salud mental juvenil.
Abstract: Prevention and early detection of mental health problems in the adolescent population is essential to reduce the possibility of developing more serious disorders. Likewise, seeking help for these problems and timely access to mental health care in this group is necessary. However, it has been found that adolescents tend not to seek professional help when they present symptoms of emotional disorders and, when they do seek help, they do so from informal sources. Various barriers, at the individual, structural, social, and health professional-patient relationship levels, can hinder help-seeking behavior in adolescents. Among these is young people's concern about confidentiality. This article presents and analyzes evidence on the role of confidentiality in help-seeking behavior for mental health problems in adolescents, presenting an analysis from a bioethical perspective and pointing out some of its implications in the approach to youth mental health services.
Resumo: Prevenir e detectar precocemente os problemas de saúde mental em população adolescente é fundamental para diminuir a possibilidade de desenvolver transtornos mais graves. Assim mesmo, para esse grupo é necessário buscar ajuda para esses problemas e acessar oportunamente atenção em saúde mental. Não obstante, constatou-se que os adolescentes tendem a não buscar ajuda profissional quando apresentam sintomatologia de transtornos emocionais e, quando buscam, o fazem em fontes informais. Diversas barreiras, em nível individual, estrutural, social e da relação profissional da saúde-paciente, podem obstaculizar a conduta de busca de ajuda pelos adolescentes. Entre estas se encontra a preocupação dos jovens com a confidencialidade. No presente artigo se expõe e analisa-se evidencias sobre o papel da confidencialidade na conduta de busca de ajuda para problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes, propondo-se um olhar a partir da bioética e ressaltando algumas de suas implicações na abordagem da saúde mental juvenil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Confidentiality , Adolescent Health , Mental Health Assistance , Help-Seeking Behavior , Mental HealthABSTRACT
Despite a high prevalence of common mental health concerns, especially among young adults, majority of them do not seek professional help. This study explored perceived barriers and enablers of professional help-seeking for common mental health concerns among distressed non-treatment seeking young adults in the urban Indian context. The study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. A brief survey was conducted with distressed non-treatment seeking young adults (N=37) to assess their current distress level, duration, perceived severity, effect on functioning, self-help methods, past treatment history, inclination to seek help and barriers to professional help-seeking. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 10 participants to explore their perceived barriers and potential enablers of professional help-seeking. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interviews using thematic analysis. The survey revealed significant distress for 75.7% (N=28) of the total sample. Out of these, 25% were either not inclined or had practical constraints to seek help. The mean score for inclination to seek help was highest for partner/friend (4.7). Qualitative findings have been discussed under personal and general barriers and enablers. This is the first study to highlight the complex interplay of barriers and enablers of professional help-seeking among distressed non-treatment seeking young adults in the urban Indian context. There is an urgent need to incorporate the factors that hinder and facilitate professional help-seeking while devising help-seeking interventions to reduce the treatment gap.
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Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of the theory of planned behavior psychological help-seeking questionnaire (TPB-PHSQ) in Chinese adults.Methods:A total of 979 Chinese adults were recruited through convenient sampling method.The final scale was determined by item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Then, the TPB-PHSQ was examined for reliability and validity.Results:The theory of planned behavior psychological help-seeking scale included 14 items in four sections: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and help-seeking intention.The internal consistency reliability of the TPB-PHSQ were 0.893, 0.711, 0.869, 0.918, and the retest reliability were 0.798, 0.713, 0.712, 0.729 for the 4 sections.The confirmatory factor analysis met the fit criteria for each indicator ( χ2/ df= 2.585, RMSEA=0.063, SRMR= 0.067, NFI=0.934, RFI=0.912, IFI=0.958, TLI=0.944, CFI=0.958). TPB-PHSQ was significantly correlated with validated variable, which the correlation coefficients of attitude, perceived behavioral control and the score of the attitude toward professional psychological help-short form were 0.474, 0.357, and the correlation coefficients of subjective norm, help-seeking intention and the score of intention of seeking counseling inventory were 0.432, 0.415 ( all P<0.01). Conclusion:The TPB-PHSQ has good reliability and validity, which can be used for relevant research and application.
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Objective: To explore the help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness of medical staff during major public health events, so as to provide basis for improving the psychological resources and service quality of medical staff and further optimizing the prevention and treatment policies. Methods: In February 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on medical staff in Henan Province, and a total of 2136 questionnaires were collected. Among them, there were 1940 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 90.82%. The questionnaire of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance under epidemic situation was used to investigate the help seeking efficacy and willingness of medical staff. The frequency and rate (%) were used to analyze the overall situation of medical staff's help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness. The differences among different demographic variables were tested by χ(2) test. Results: Among the 1940 medical and nursing staff, 18.81% (365/1940) did not know how to obtain appropriate psychological assistance. Compared with the low age group, the medical staff in the high age group had the ability of information query, the ability to occupy knowledge resources, the ability to distinguish rumors and facts and the sense of efficacy of obtaining appropriate medical help, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The willingness of medical and nursing staff to actively cooperate with the government, maintain social stability and volunteer work were 99.43% (1929/1940) , 98.81% (1917/1940) and 97.11% (1884/1940) . Conclusion: The medical staff had a higher sense of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance. It is necessary to further strengthen the resource support of psychological, social and humanistic care for medical staff.
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Humans , Intention , Medical Staff , Organizations , Public Health , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Most women with postpartum depression (PPD) remain undiagnosed and untreated, despite the adverse effects known to be felt by women and children. The aim of this study was to examine the coping strategies and help seeking behavior used by women having symptoms of postpartum depression. Methods: Using a mixed-method study design, the researcher used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Brief COPE and General Help Seeking Behavior (GHSQ) inventories for the quantitative approach, while the qualitative approach was conducted by a semi-structured interview based on the topics listed. A total of 30 respondents participated in the quantitative study while seven respondents were chosen for the qualitative study. Results: Data analyses identified coping strategies with domains of emotion-focused and religion-focused subscales as the main coping styles, while help seeking behavior identified that families were the main groups of people that were sought by them. Conclusion: Women with symptoms of postpartum depression tended to cope with their mental health issues by strengthening their spiritual bonds and with help and support from their family members.
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Introduction This study aimed to clarify social networking and help seeking behaviors in relation to the health of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan, using unanalyzed data collected in the article titled “Socio-cultural factors affecting the health of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan” published in this journal.Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women aged ≥20 years in their homes in Prefectures A and B during 2013-2014. We used the Japanese version of the interview guide based on the cultural determinants of help seeking developed by Arnault. The analysis was guided by analytic ethnography, and core themes were derived.Results The interviews were conducted with 18 women. Their mean age was 32.4 years (5 women in their 20s and 13 women in their 30s). The average length of stay was 12.6 years (6 women: <10 years and 12 women: ≥10 years). Regarding residential status, 12 women were permanent residents. Two categories for social networking were derived: (1) limited social interaction and (2) reliance on family and trusted others. Two categories for help-seeking behaviors were derived: (1) reliance on informal resources close to them and (2) self-reliant problem solving.Conclusions The social networking and help-seeking behaviors of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan were related to their way of cultivating relationships in their transnational life as migrant workers. Their behaviors were also related to their perception on the family, their religion, and their self-reliant problem-solving behaviors.
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Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, impacting social life, family life and occupational functioning if left untreated. Despite its high prevalence and morbidity, the evidence suggests that men are hesitant to seek help, with a large percentage remaining undiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the attitudes and perceptions related to depression and its treatment amongst black men in a rural district of South Africa.Methods: The design used was an exploratory descriptive qualitative design. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were subsequently analysed thematically to develop themes and subthemes.Results: Participants described depression as a psychological problem associated with lack of sleep, loneliness, feeling unwanted, increased stress, deep sadness, weight loss, forgetfulness, crying over small things and lack of concentration. Collectively, the interviews with participants showed a good understanding of the psychosocial determinants of depression but exposed a lack of awareness of its biological determinants. A large proportion (n = 13; 68.4%) of participants reported not having knowledge of available services in their area for people seeking treatment for depression. Barriers to help-seeking behaviours were fear of social stigma, fear of expressing their feelings, gender norms and stereotypes and lack of trust in others.Conclusion: Interventions such as support groups and mental health awareness programmes to counteract personal perceptions may help to improve and expand the effectiveness of depression treatment. The results highlight the future need to raise awareness of depressive symptoms and expand health outreach programmes.Keywords: depression; perceptions; attitudes; mental health; help-seeking; treatment; SouthAfrica.
Subject(s)
Perception , Mental Health , Depression , South Africa , Help-Seeking BehaviorABSTRACT
Abstract Background: A timely search for professional help regarding mental health issues in adolescents is critical in preventing severe disorders. However, adolescents generally tend not to seek help. This investigation aimed to study Chilean adolescents willingness to seek help in mental health issues by identifying their preferred help-seeking sources. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional-correlational study with 493 high school students between 14 and 19 years of age (mean ± standard deviation = 16.28 ± 1.29). The instruments we used were the general help-seeking questionnaire (vignette version), adapted and validated in Chile, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Data showed that adolescents are more willing to seek help from informal rather than from formal sources. We identified no sex differences in terms of willingness to seek help from formal sources. However, males were more willing to seek help from informal sources. Conclusions: Similar to other cultures, Chilean adolescents are more willing to seek help from informal sources regarding mental health problems.
Resumen Introducción: La búsqueda de ayuda profesional oportuna para temas de salud mental en adolescentes es fundamental para evitar el desarrollo de trastornos más graves. No obstante, en general los adolescentes tienden a no solicitar ayuda. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar las fuentes de ayuda para problemas de salud mental a las que los adolescentes chilenos están más dispuestos a dirigirse. Métodos: Estudio transversal-correlacional en el que participaron 493 estudiantes de secundaria de entre 14 y 19 años (media ± desviación estándar = 16.28 ± 1.29). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Cuestionario General de Búsqueda de Ayuda (versión viñeta), adaptado y validado en Chile, y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los adolescentes prefieren buscar ayuda en fuentes informales. No se identificaron diferencias por sexo en la disposición a buscar ayuda en fuentes formales, pero sí en la disposición a buscar ayuda en fuentes informales, pues los varones mostraron mayor disposición a hacerlo. Conclusiones: En concordancia con la evidencia en otras culturas, los adolescentes chilenos presentan una mayor disposición a buscar ayuda para problemas de salud mental en fuentes informales.
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RESUMEN Objetivo Revisar el conocimiento construido sobre el origen y definición, características, teorías y conceptos e ideas claves, campos de acción y relaciones con otros conceptos de los "itinerarios terapéuticos". Métodos Revisión de alcance (scoping review) en bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar y en el repositorio de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Resultados Se incluyeron 70 documentos: 54% producidos en Brasil y solo el 23%, en Colombia; 47% publicados en portugués. En los últimos cuatro años hubo incremento en las producciones académicas del tema (39%). Los itinerarios terapéuticos aparecieron relacionados con otros conceptos como itinerarios de cuidado, itinerarios burocráticos y trayectorias vitales o de cuidado. Se les estudió en variadas poblaciones, en especial dentro de América Latina. Conclusión Se reconoce la investigación sobre itinerarios terapéuticos como base importante para construir sistemas de salud integrales acordes con la realidad de los usuarios, personas y comunidades a las que están dirigidos.
ABSTRACT Objetive Review the state of art of the concept therapeutic itineray origin, definition, characteristics, theories, notions, areas of activity, and relationships with other fields. Methods A scoping review in databases was made (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Archive of Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Results Seven documents were included: 54% of them were written in Brazil, 43% in Portugal, and only 23% in Colombia. In the last four years the academic production has increased (39%). The therapeutic itineraries are related with concepts of care, bureaucratic itineraries, and "vital trajectories" (or care trajectories). It was studied in many populations, specially in Latin America. Conclusions The research about therapeutic itineraries is relevant to plan comprehensive health systems (according with the situation of target users, people, and communities).
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RESUMEN Objetivo Revisar el conocimiento construido sobre el origen y definición, características, teorías y conceptos e ideas claves, campos de acción y relaciones con otros conceptos de los "itinerarios terapéuticos". Métodos Revisión de alcance (scoping review) en bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar y en el repositorio de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Resultados Se incluyeron 70 documentos: 54% producidos en Brasil y solo el 23%, en Colombia; 47% publicados en portugués. En los últimos cuatro años hubo incremento en las producciones académicas del tema (39%). Los itinerarios terapéuticos aparecieron relacionados con otros conceptos como itinerarios de cuidado, itinerarios burocráticos y trayectorias vitales o de cuidado. Se les estudió en variadas poblaciones, en especial dentro de América Latina. Conclusión Se reconoce la investigación sobre itinerarios terapéuticos como base importante para construir sistemas de salud integrales acordes con la realidad de los usuarios, personas y comunidades a las que están dirigidos.
ABSTRACT Objetive Review the state of art of the concept therapeutic itineray origin, definition, characteristics, theories, notions, areas of activity, and relationships with other fields. Methods A scoping review in databases was made (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Archive of Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Results Seven documents were included: 54% of them were written in Brazil, 43% in Portugal, and only 23% in Colombia. In the last four years the academic production has increased (39%). The therapeutic itineraries are related with concepts of care, bureaucratic itineraries, and "vital trajectories" (or care trajectories). It was studied in many populations, specially in Latin America. Conclusions The research about therapeutic itineraries is relevant to plan comprehensive health systems (according with the situation of target users, people, and communities).
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ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health condition of college students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） ， and to provide accurate basis for their psychological intervention. MethodsThrough the way of electronic questionnaire， questionnaire star as tools， random investigation of college students in a university in Sichuan. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Somatization Symptom Scale （SSS） were used to evaluate their anxiety， depression and somatization symptoms. At the same time， a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate their styles of help seeking， and the relationships between them. ResultsA total of 551 valid questionnaires were collected， including 4.90% of anxiety symptoms， 28.68% of depression and 17.97% of somatization symptoms. In terms of somatization， the detection rate was higher in urban college students than those in rural （23.35% vs. 13.27%， P<0.05）， non-medical students was higher than medical students （21.40% vs. 13.89%， P<0.05）. Women's SSS score was higher than men's ［（26.51 ± 5.44） vs. （25.27 ± 5.78）］， urban college students' SSS score were higher than rural ［（26.69 ± 5.98） vs. （25.38 ± 5.12）］， and non-medical students’ SSS score were higher than medical students ［（26.65 ± 5.59） vs. （25.21 ± 5.45）］， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Partial correlation analysis showed that SSS score was positively correlated with SAS score （r=0.110， P=0.010） and negatively correlated with SDS score （r=-0.087， P=0.042）. The top three common ways of help-seeking pattern among college students were self-regulation （81.85%）， talking to family or friends （70.78%） and offline psychological counseling （28.31%）. ConclusionUnder the COVID-19 epidemic， the detection rate of depressive symptoms and somatization symptoms of college students is high. The detection rate of somatization symptoms of female， urban and non-medical college students is high. Self-regulation and talking to family or friends are the main psychological styles of help seeking for college students.
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@#Background: Prevalence of mental disorders such as depression in the elderly is rising with the ageing population. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, their intention to seek help and the factors associated to seek professional help among elderly patients in a primary care clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional with systematic sampling conducted from June to December 2019 in Tengkera Health Clinic (THC). Patient Health Questionnaire9 (PHQ-9), socioeconomic data and a dichotomous yes-no response for intention to seek help was collected from 273 elderly patients attending the outpatient clinic. Results: The prevalence of elderly depression at THC was 10.3% and the prevalence of intention to seek professional help for depression among elderly patients at Tengkera Health Clinic was 27.5%. Factors that were associated with intention to seek professional help for depression were prior experience of seeking professional help, adjusted OR 3.45[95%CI (1.41-8.48)] and education level of the respondents- secondary education, adjusted OR 3.10 [95%CI (1.01-9.53)] comparing with no formal education; tertiary education, adjusted OR 4.66 [95%CI (1.08-20.04)] comparing with no formal education. Conclusion: The prevalence of elderly depression was high while the prevalence of intention to seek professional help for depression in the sample population was low. Primary care physicians play a vital role in identifying elderly patients with low education level for screening and treatment as well as promoting awareness and breaking down barriers and stigma towards mental illness.
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@#Depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with decreased role functioning, productivity, and quality of life. International students are more prone to psychological distress as they face many stressors while studying abroad. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among international students, their help-seeking behavior and their awareness of the available on-campus mental support services. A cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling method was performed on 280 international students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) between the age of 18 and 35 years. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was used anonymously to assess the mental health of students. Soci-demographic, help-seeking behavior, and awareness data were obtained. Independent sample t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, and Multiple Linear Regression were used to explore associated factors. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among international students was 58.9%, 71.8%, and 53.9% respectively. Age was significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Ethnicity showed a significant association with depression and stress. No other factors were found to be significantly associated with psychological distress. Only 9.6% of the international students had sought help from on-campus mental support services. Students who were aware of the presence of such services were only 21.4% of the participants. In conclusion, the recent study showed a high prevalence of psychological distress and low help-seeking behavior among international students in Malaysia. This provided data that could be used in intervention programs to improve the mental health of the increasing number of international students in Malaysia.
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RESUMO Objetivo Compreender as necessidades de ajuda de homens com HIV que fazem sexo com homens à luz de uma Teoria Prescritiva. Método Estudo descritivo e qualitativo, realizado com homens com HIV que fazem sexo com homens atendidos por um Serviço Ambulatorial Especializado de uma capital no Nordeste do Brasil, entre os meses de novembro de 2017 e maio de 2018. A pesquisa utilizou a análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados Participaram do estudo 49 homens com HIV, que se autodenominaram homem que faz sexo com homem. Ajuda foi descrita como apoio, acolhimento, suporte psicossocial e familiar. O desejo de receber auxílio foi relacionado à aceitação e ao esquecimento do diagnóstico. Os problemas enfrentados aludiram à aceitação do diagnóstico, ao medo e ao preconceito. Destacaram-se como fonte de amparo os profissionais e familiares. O cuidado de enfermagem foi citado como significativo, e a principal ajuda requerida foi do tipo psicológica. Conclusão As necessidades de ajuda identificadas relacionaram-se principalmente ao suporte psicológico, proveniente dos profissionais de saúde e dos familiares. Os participantes são receptivos ao recebimento de ajuda, sobretudo, no que se refere ao enfrentamento do diagnóstico.
RESUMEN Objetivo Entender las necesidades de asistencia de hombres con VIH que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres, a la luz de una Teoría Prescriptiva Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado entre noviembre de 2017 y mayo de 2018, entre hombres con VIH que tienen relaciones sexuales con personas de su mismo sexo y se atienden en una Clínica Ambulatoria Especializada de una capital del noreste de Brasil. La investigación utilizó el análisis del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados Participaron 49 hombres con VIH que declararon tener relaciones sexuales con personas del mismo sexo. La asistencia pretendida fue descripta como soporte, refugio, apoyo psicosocial y familiar. El deseo de recibir apoyo estaba relacionado con la aceptación y el olvido del diagnóstico. Los problemas enfrentados aludían a la aceptación del diagnóstico, al miedo y a los prejuicios. Se destacaron, como fuente de apoyo, los profesionales y los familiares. La atención de enfermería se citó como significativa, y la principal ayuda requerida fue la psicológica. Conclusión Las necesidades de ayuda identificadas eran, principalmente, de apoyo psicológico de los profesionales de la salud y de los miembros de la familia. Los participantes están abiertos a recibir ayuda, sobre todo, en lo tocante al enfrentamiento del diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT Objective To understand the needs for help of men who have sex with men and live with HIV in the light of a Prescriptive Theory. Method Descriptive and qualitative study, conducted with men who have sex with men and live with HIV who were treated in a Specialized Outpatient Service in a capital in Northeastearn Brazil, between the months of November 2017 and May 2018. The study used the analysis of the discourse of the collective subject. Results 49 men with HIV who self-identified as men who have sex with men participated in the study. Help was described as support, welcoming, psychosocial and family support. The desire to receive assistance was related to accepting and forgetting the diagnosis. The problems experienced were related to the acceptance of the diagnosis, fear and prejudice. Professionals and family members stood out as sources of support. Nursing care was cited as significant and the main help required was psychological. Conclusion The needs for help identified were mainly related to psychological support coming from health professionals and family members. Participants were willing to receive help, especially to cope with the diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV , Help-Seeking Behavior , Men , Nursing Theory , Brazil , Primary Care NursingABSTRACT
Background: The magnitude of mental disorders is a growing public health concern. According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, one out of five children suffer from a disabling mental illness. Majority of mental illnesses start during the adolescent period. Management of mental illnesses start from recognizing the needy adolescent and providing appropriate therapy and support. Most of the children and adolescents are students who spend almost half of their active time in schools under observation of their teachers. Teachers interact with students daily and can spot the changes in their behavior before they develop full-blown symptoms. Hence, teachers can be a major resource of importance in providing basic mental health services. The teacher’s ability to identify the early signs of mental illness in adolescent students can be considered as the most critical and neglected area. Majority of the studies are conducted in the community or adolescent students and much less attention has been paid to the mental health literacy of educators, who are important role models and youth influencers in addressing mental health literacy. The scenario in India in this regard is highly disappointing with few studies done among teachers.
ABSTRACT
The magnitude of mental disorders is a growing public health concern. An increasing amount of research globally has attempted to understand the reasons for poor help-seeking for different mental health disorders. A segment of work has focused on ‘mental health literacy’ (MHL) defined as knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management & prevention. Studies on mental health literacy, people’s knowledge of, and attitude towards mental illness, and beliefs about mental health treatment were obtained through a review of literature in PubMed databases using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and unpublished, grey literature during the year 1995 to 2018. Nearly 50 of the eligible articles were included for the final report. Findings revealed that the general public have relatively poor recognition of the symptoms of mental health disorders and appear to emphasise self-help over standard medical treatments. Negative attitudes toward mental illness that hinders individuals from seeking professional treatment, and help-seeking are the common themes that emerge from the findings. Findings also revealed that treatment seeking, attitudes and beliefs toward mental illness are related to mental health literacy. Several different factors that influence have been identified, including gender, culture, age, educational qualifications, and personality. MHL in general remains at a relatively low level. There is an urgent need to improve awareness of mental illness and mental health literacy among the general public. Future research for improving MHL are required.