Risk factors for postoperative recurrence of nonvalvular paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of postoperative recurrence of nonvalvular paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.Methods:A total of 100 patients who received treatment in Haining People's Hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were included in this study. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Thirty patients with postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation were included in the observation group, and seventy patients without postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation were included in the control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation.Results:Logistic regression analysis results revealed that age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, anteroposterior diameter of the left atrium, glycosylated hemoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide are the risk factors of recurrent atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation (all P < 0.05) ( OR = 1.31, 1.33, 1.32, 1.34, 1.26, 1.24, 1.36, 1.33; 95% CI = 1.028-1.442, 1.031-1.427, 1.042-1.434, 1.124-1.452, 1.013-1.385, 1.005-1.326, 1.039-1.482, 1.064-1.478). Conclusion:The recurrence of nonvalvular paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation is related to many factors. The risk factors should be taken into account in clinical practice, and targeted treatment should be given as early as possible to reduce the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation and improve prognosis.

Dapagliflozin combined with liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic heart failure in 90 patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin combined with liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic heart failure.Methods:Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic heart failure, who received treatment in the Siming Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from August 2018 to August 2020, were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either routine treatment + liraglutide (control group, n = 45) or routine treatment + liraglutide + dapagliflozin (observation group, n = 45) for 16 weeks. Blood glucose control, glycosylated hemoglobin level, cardiac function grade, serum N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor level, left ventricular ejection fraction, total effective rate, and adverse reactions were compared between the control and observation groups before and after treatment. Results:There were no significant differences in blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, and cardiac function grade between the two groups (all P > 0.05) before treatment. After treatment, fasting blood glucose level, 2-hour postprandial glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin level, cardiac function grade, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor , and left ventricular ejection fraction were (7.21 ± 1.23) mmol/L, (9.14 ± 2.24) mmol/L, (7.03 ± 2.59)%, (1.25 ± 0.21), (548.9 ± 116.3) ng/L, and (46.7 ± 7.5)%, respectively, in the observation group and they were (9.45 ± 2.21) mmol/L, (11.24 ± 5.29) mmol/L, (8.23 ± 1.91)%, (2.23 ± 0.46), (510.3 ± 110.7) ng/L, and (48.1 ± 6.8)%, respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in these indexes between the two groups ( t = 24.03, 20.47, 51.09, 32.42, 10.19, 13.23, all P < 0.05). Total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [97.78% (44/45) vs. 80.00% (36/45), χ2 = 7.20, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Dapagliflozin combined with liraglutide is highly effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic heart failure. The combined therapy has good effects on blood glucose level and cardiac function and is certainly safe.

Control glucémico intensivo y sobretratamiento en pacientes mayores de 60 años con diabetes mellitus / Intensive glycemic control and overtreatment in diabetic patients older than 60 years

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: existe incremento de la prevalência de diabetes mellitus 2 y del envejecimiento. Así, los riesgos asociados con control glucémico intensivo en esta población vulnerable se incrementan. Por ello, debe considerarse la posibilidad de un sobretratamiento en estos pacientes. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de control glucémico intensivo y sobretratamiento en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mayores de 60 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo, transversal, observacional y analítico. De 2013 a 2015 se evaluaron pacientes mayores de 60 años de edad con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbAlc) <7% y administración de hipoglucemiantes. Los pacientes se clasificaron en control glucémico intensivo (HbAlc 6.6-7%) y sobretratamiento (HbAlc <6.5%). Los porcentajes de ambos grupos y sus complicaciones cardiovasculares y no cardiovasculares asociadas se compararon utilizando una prueba Z. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 13,229 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mayores de 60 años; en 2013, fueron 4,381, 16% (n=701) en control glucémico intensivo y 6% (n=256) en sobretratamiento; en 2014 fueron 4,383, 16% (n=697) en control glucémico intensivo y 6% (n=252) en sobretratamiento; en 2015 fueron 4,465, 16% (n=708) en control glucémico intensivo y 6% (n=260) con sobretratamiento. El control glucémico intensivo causó 5, 3 y 1% de complicaciones durante 2013, 2014 y 2015, respectivamente. En el grupo con sobretratamiento el porcentaje de complicaciones fue de 4% en 2013 y de 6% en 2015. Se obtuvo un valor Z de -2.90 (p<0.05), mostrando mayor número en sobretratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: de la población estudiada, 16% estaba en control glucémico intensivo y 6% en sobretratamiento, con incremento significativo de complicaciones en el grupo con sobretratamiento, la hipoglucemia fue la más frecuente.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the overall aging of the population, the number of elderly patients with T2DM is continuously growing. Given the risks associated with intensive glycemic control of those patients, the possibility of overtreatment must be considered. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of intensive glycemic control and overtreatment in individuals >60 years with T2DM. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study was done from 2013 to 2015. Individuals >60 years old with T2DM, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7%, and use of hypoglycemic agents were included. Patients were divided into two groups: intensive glycemic control (HbA1c 6.6-7%) and overtreatment (HbA1c <6.5%). Cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications associated with treatment were compared by Z-test. RESULTS: There were included 13,229 patients older than 60 years with T2DM; 4,381 in 2013, 16% (n=701) was classified as intensive glycemic control and 6% (n=256) as overtreatment; 4,383 in 2014, 16% (n=697) as intensive glycemic control and 6% (n=252) as over-treatment; 4,465 in 2015, 16% (n=708) as intensive glycemic control and 6% (n=260) as overtreatment. By this period, adverse outcomes were reported in 5%, 3% and 1% during 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively; referring to intensive glycemic control group. Likewise, adverse outcomes were reported in 4% and 6% during 2013 and 2015, respectively; referring to overtreatment group. A value of Z-test -2.90 (p<0.05) was obtained, which was increased in overtreatment group. CONCLUSIONS: All data collected during the study highlights a significant increase of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse outcomes in patients with strict glycemic management, being hypoglycemia the most frequent; 16% are in intensive glycemic control and 6% in overtreatment.

Correlação entre MCP-1, HbA1c e a filtração glomerular em pacientes não diabéticos / Correlation between MCP-1, HbA1c and glomerular filtration in nondiabetic patients

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visa testar a possibilidade de que indivíduos não diabéticos, com glicemia de jejum < 126 mg/dL e com HbA1c alterada, já apresentem diminuição na filtração glomerular estimada (FGe) e aumento do MCP-1, em comparação com aqueles com HbA1c normal, independente de outras alterações metabólicas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo utilizou dados do Estudo CAMELIA (cardiometabólico renal familiar), de julho de 2006 a dezembro de 2007, com visitas aos módulos do Programa Médico de Família (PMF) de Niterói, RJ. RESULTADOS: Verificamos associação independente entre a alteração da HbA1c (≥ 5,7 e < 6,5% versus < 5,7%) e diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada. A HbA1c mostrou ser um marcador subclínico de alterações metabólicas em pacientes não diabéticos e com glicemia de jejum < 126 mg/dL, em especial na população de mulheres e de indivíduos com a cor da pele preta. CONCLUSÃO: Essas observações indicam a possibilidade de se utilizar a HbA1c no intuito de se triar grupos de risco, visando propor estratégias de intervenção precoce e, assim, promover a prevenção de doenças crônicas, como diabetes e doença renal crônica.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims investigate if nondiabetic subjects with fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL but altered HbA1c already have lower estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and high serum MCP-1 levels in comparison to nondiabetics with normal HbA1c, independent of other metabolic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were derived from the database of the CAMELIA (cardio-metabolic-renal family) study, a cross sectional study performed between July 2006 and December 2007, with participants recruited from the Family Doctor Program, Niterói, RJ. RESULTS: An independent association between changes in HbA1c (≥ 5.7 and < 6.5% versus < 5.7%) and decreased eGFR rate was found. The HbA1c was shown to be a marker of metabolic changes in nondiabetic subjects with fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL, particularly in women and blacks. CONCLUSION: These observations support the use of HbA1c levels in strategies for early intervention and prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

Controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 nos serviços público e privado de Saúde / Glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients in public and private Healthcare service

OBJETIVO: Comparar o tratamento de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 provenientes de uma clínica privada aos pacientes atendidos no sistema público de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Foi desenhado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, incluindo 80 pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório Central da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (AMCE), vinculado ao Sistema Único de Saúde, e 277 pacientes atendidos em uma clínica privada, que foram consultados nestes serviços no período entre maio de 2001 e outubro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes atendidos no AMCE mostraram pior controle metabólico, embora somente os valores de A1c e colesterol total tenham alcançado significância estatística. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora de quase todos os parâmetros metabólicos. O uso de insulina no final do acompanhamento (B = 4,66; IC95 por cento = 2,18 - 9,89; p < 0,001) e a A1c inicial (B = 1,42; IC95 por cento = 1,16 - 1,74; p = 0,001) foram determinantes de pior controle glicêmico. A frequência de consultas foi determinante de melhor controle (B = 0,72; IC95 por cento = 0,55 - 0,93; p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: As variáveis como a A1c inicial e a frequência de consultas, que podem ser consideradas como indicadores do acesso dos pacientes ao sistema de saúde, têm maior impacto no controle do diabetes do que o local no qual os pacientes são tratados.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients from a private clinic with those of a public health service. METHODS: It was designed a retrospective cohort study, including 80 patients attended at the Central Clinic of Universidade de Caxias do Sul (AMCE), which is related to the Single Health System, and 277 patients attended at a private clinic, whom consult between May 2001 and October 2007. RESULTS: Patients attended at AMCE showed a worse metabolic control, although only the values of A1c and total cholesterol have reached statistical significance. Both groups had an improvement in almost all the metabolic parameters. The use of insulin at the end of follow-up (B = 4,66; CI95 percent = 2,18 - 9,89; p < 0,001) and initial A1c (B = 1,42; CI95 percent = 1,16 - 1,74; p = 0,001) were determinant of a worse glycemic control. The frequency of visits was determinant of a better control (B = 0,72; CI 95 percent = 0,55 - 0,93; p = 0,01). CONCLUSIONS: The variables such as the initial A1c and the frequency of visits, which may be considered as indicators of patients' access to the heath system, have greater impact on the control of diabetes than the place where the patients are treated.