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Objective To investigate the effect of Rhodiola on levels of inflammatory mediators and vascular endothelial function in rats with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Forty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, low-dose Rhodiola group, and high-dose Rhodiola group, with 10 rats in each group.Except for the sham operation group, rat models of CVS after SAH were established by cisterna magna twice method.1-5 d after modeling, the model group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline.The low-dose and high-dose Rhodiola groups were injected with 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg of Rhodiola respectively.5 days later, docking was performed and blood was collected to determine the levels of serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).Then the rats were killed, and HE staining was performed to measure the diameter of basilar artery.The expression levels of basilar artery interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA, interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) mRNA, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q-PCR).Results (1) The diameters of basilar arteries showed model group ＜ low-dose and high-dose groups ＜ the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of ET-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-6 mR-NA, IL-1β mRNA and iNOS mRNA showed model group ＞ low-dose and high-dose Rhodiola groups ＞ the sham operation group while levels of cGMP, VEGF mRNA and eNOS mRNA showed model group ＜ low dose and high-dose Rhodiola groups ＜ the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Rhodiola can reduce the expressions of inflammatory reactions, improve the vascular endothelial function, and promote the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor in rats with CVS after SAH.
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Objective To investigate the adrenal histopathology damage in critically ill non-survival children,and the incidence of adrenal damage,and to explore the risk factors for the adrenal hemorrhage and necrosis in critically ill children.Methods A total of 141 critically ill non-survival children was admitted in this study in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 1,2005 to December 30,2012.Clinical data in children were systematically collected,including age,sex,sodium,potassium,blood gas analysis,liver and kidney function,blood clotting function,etiology,treatment and pediatric clinical illness score (PCIS) or neonatal critical illness score (NCIS),and pathological data.All data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0.Results Logistic regression analysis showed the factors of adrenal hemorrhage and necrosis of critically ill non-survival children were sepsis,PCIS score ＜ 80 critically ill children are risk factors for adrenal hemorrhage necrosis (P ＜ 0.05),ORwas 3.659 (95％ CI:1.344-9.965),and 2.325 (95％ CI:1.028 -5.258).Intravenous corticosteroids were protective factors for critically ill non-survival children with adrenal hemorrhage necrosis (P ＜ 0.05),and ORwas 0.377 (95％ CI:0.163-0.875).Conclusions There were two significant risk factors of adrenal hemorrhage and necrosis:sepsis and critical illness score less than 80 points.Intravenous corticosteroid is a protective factor in critically ill children.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between aneurysmal subarachnoid hDepartment of Neurosurgery,Xi Dian Group Hospital,Xi'an 710077,Chinaemorrhage (aSAH) and myocardial dysfunction (MD).Methods Totally 96 cases of aSAH patients meeting the criterion were chosen,and the correlations of electrocardiograph (ECG),and ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG)with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI),death and poor outcome and death were analyzed.Results Of the 93 cases of aSAH patients meeting the criterion,DCI rate was 59.2％,death rate was 19.4％,and poor outcome rate was 21.5％.With multivariable Poisson regression analysis,the results showed that wall motion score index (WMSI) ＞ 1.1 was correlated with death and poor outcome,mid-ventricular wall motion abnormality (WMAs) was correlated with death,and apical WMAs was correlated with DCI.Conclusions Myocardial dysfunction is significantly related to outcome of aSAH.Thus,this study may provide a reference for prognosis assessment and treatment of aSAH.
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BACKGROUND: We designed this study to compare acid-base parameter with hemodynamic parameter as the predictor of acute blood loss. And we tried to evaluate the changes of electrolyte and to correlate the change of each parameter with that of cardiac output (CO) during acute blood loss. METHODS: Seven anesthetized (isoflurane 1.0-1.5%), paralyzed and mechanically constant ventilated dogs submitted to hemorrhage were studied. The dogs were hemorrhaged by progressive withdrawal of 50% of blood volume. After withdrawal of each 10% of blood volume mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), CO, arterial blood gas analysis, electrolytes and hematocrit (Hct) were measured. RESULTS: MAP, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base excess (BE) were decreased significantly according to hemorrhage and correlated with the percent decrease in CO. Serum sodium concentration and calcium concentration were not changed. Serum potassium concentration was increased and Hct was decreased significantly and correlated with the percent decrease in CO. Correlation between BE and percent decrease in CO (r=0.771) was superior to the correlations between any other parameter and percent decrease in CO. CONCLUSION: More negative BE is the best indicator of ongoing hemorrhage. Thus BE may be the best laboratory monitor of hemorrhage and the evaluation of acid-base state and the changes of serum potassium concentration are important in the acute hemorrhagic situation.