Hemorragia intestinal por malformación vascular de difícil diagnóstico en un caso pediátrico / Intestinal bleeding due to venous vascular malformation of difficult diagnosis in a pediatric case

RESUMEN Fundamento: la hemorragia gastrointestinal aguda es una de las principales emergencias médicas en todo el mundo y responsable de un elevado número de ingresos hospitalarios anuales. Las malformaciones vasculares intestinales, en especial las del colon derecho, son causa frecuente de sangrado digestivo en adultos mayores, pero son raras en pediatría. Objetivo: mostrar la malformación venosa intestinal como una causa rara de hemorragia digestiva recurrente en el niño. Presentación del caso: escolar de seis años de edad, masculino, raza blanca, que proviene de un área rural de difícil acceso en otra provincia, con antecedentes de sangramiento digestivo a forma de melena y hematoquecia desde el primer año de edad. Es remitido a los cinco años a los servicios de Gastroenterología de esta provincia con varios estudios endoscópicos que no revelaron la causa. Es ingresado en el hospital pediátrico para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: ante la presencia de hemorragia digestiva aguda en niños debe considerarse la malformación vascular intestinal a pesar de lo infrecuente en edades pediátricas. Su identificación y tratamiento constituyen un desafío para el equipo médico de asistencia.

ABSTRACT Background: acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a major medical emergency worldwide and responsible for a high number of annual hospital admissions. Intestinal vascular malformations, especially those of the right colon, are frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in older adults, but are rare in pediatrics. Objective: to show intestinal venous malformation as a rare cause of recurrent digestive hemorrhage in the child. Case report: a six-year-old male, white-race school boy from a rural area of difficult access in another province, with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of melaena and hematoquecia since the first year of age. It is referred at the age of five years to the Gastroenterology services of this province with several endoscopic studies that did not reveal the cause. It is admitted to the pediatric hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: in the presence of acute digestive bleeding in children, intestinal vascular malformation should be considered, despite its infrequency in pediatric ages. Its identification and treatment are a challenge for the medical assistance team.

Etiology and treatment of vitreous hemorrhage in children / 中华眼底病杂志

Vitreous hemorrhage in children is caused by trauma or non-traumatic factors.Long-term vitreous hemorrhage not only affects children's vision,but also can lead secondary glaucoma,traumatic retinal detachment and other serious complications.Ocular trauma,some ocular and systemic diseases are the common etiology leading to vitreous hemorrhage in children.A small amount of vitreous hemorrhage can be treated by observation and conservative treatment.However,if the vitreous hemorrhage has no obvious absorption or serious complications appeared,it needs to be treated by surgery.The choice of treatment time and methods need to be further studied.

Hemofiltração de alto volume e ventilação em posição prona em hemorragia subaracnóidea complicada por grave síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo e choque séptico refratário / High-volume hemofiltration and prone ventilation in subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory septic shock

Relatamos o tratamento bem-sucedido de dois pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea complicada com grave falência respiratória e choque séptico refratário, utilizando, simultaneamente, ventilação em posição prona e hemofiltração de alto volume. Esses tratamentos de resgate permitiram que os pacientes superassem a grave situação sem complicações associadas ou efeitos deletérios na pressão intracraniana e de perfusão cerebral. A ventilação em posição prona é, hoje, um tratamento aceito para síndrome de desconforto respiratório agudo grave, e a hemofiltração de alto volume é um suporte hemodinâmico não convencional, que tem diversos mecanismos potenciais para melhorar o choque séptico. Neste artigo revisamos brevemente esses tratamentos e as evidências relacionadas. Quando outras terapias convencionais são insuficientes para proporcionar oxigenação e perfusão como parte do cuidado neuroprotetor básico dentro de limites seguros em pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea, esses tratamentos de resgate podem ser considerados caso a caso por uma equipe com experiência em cuidados críticos.

We report the successful treatment of two patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by severe respiratory failure and refractory septic shock using simultaneous prone position ventilation and high-volume hemofiltration. These rescue therapies allowed the patients to overcome the critical situation without associated complications and with no detrimental effects on the intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures. Prone position ventilation is now an accepted therapy for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and high-volume hemofiltration is a non-conventional hemodynamic support that has several potential mechanisms for improving septic shock. In this manuscript, we briefly review these therapies and the related evidence. When other conventional treatments are insufficient for providing safe limits of oxygenation and perfusion as part of basic neuroprotective care in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, these rescue therapies should be considered on a case-by-case basis by an experienced critical care team.

Clinical research of the oxytocin combined with cuff in reducing the placenta previa maternal blood loss / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical application of pressure pulse band in placenta previa cesarean section hemorrhage.Methods 130 patients with placenta previa surgery bleeding were randomly divided into two groups.The control group received conventional treatment of oxytocin,and the observation group,on the basis of the control group,in cesarean section in placenta praevia fail to control bleeding and bleeding is excessive,may surround the cervix as possible by lower fastening pressure pulse band (i.e.both ligament below),rapid delivery of uterus in abdominal cavity,stop the bleeding.Results The average time to hemostasis and surgical time of the control group were significantly higher than those of the observation group(t =5.72,13.27,P ＜ 0.05).The average blood loss,blood transfusion were significantly higher than those of the observation group (t =14.37,10.45,P ＜ 0.05).The number of transfusion was significantly higher than that of the observation group (x2 =15.93,P ＜ 0.05).There was no death case.Conclusion In placenta previa cesarean section,the application of pressure pulse band can be quickly and effectively reduce the bleeding during operation and easy to master.