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Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute septicemic endemic disease of buffalo and cattle in India with a case fatality rate of up to 80%. This disease causes an estimated economic loss of USD 792 million per year in India. Vaccination and control programs of HS can be understood by mathematical models. The main objective of our study was to design a mathematical model to analyze the effect of vaccination in controlling outbreaks of HS in India. We used posteriori model building approach to create and run the model for HS with the help of an outbreak data from Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The best possible transmission coefficient (β) to imitate the outbreak was found to be 0.335 and the best possible basic reproduction number (R0) was found to be 1.011. Introduction of the vaccination campaign from 5th to the 20th day of the HS outbreak reduced the proportion of the susceptible animals from 0.99 to 0.40 on the last day of the campaign. We concluded that animal vaccination modelling for eradication of HS by mass regional or nationwide vaccination campaigns can be understood by simple mathematical models.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of bacterial liver abscess (BLA) complicated with septicemia.Methods Fifty two BLA patients complicated with septicemia admitted in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed;and 52 cases of BLA without septicemia admitted at the same period were randomly selected as control group.The clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiographic findings, clinical outcome of these patients were analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to study the clinical features and risk factors of BLA complicated with septicemia.Results Compared to the control group, the BLA with septicemia group had higher prevalence rates in diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, jaundice, albumin <35 g/L, BUN≥8.2 mmol/L, hyperglycemia, multiple abscesses and abscesses size ≥10 cm(P<0.05 or <0.01).The blood culture showed that K.pneumoniae(63.3%) was the most commonly isolated pathogen, followed by E.coli(16.7%).Univariate analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus(OR=2.200,95%CI 1.042-4.646), malignant tumors (OR=3.667,95%CI 1.023-13.143), albumin <35 g/ L(OR=2.800,95%CI 1.009-7.774), BUN≥8.2 mmol/L(OR=3.167,95%CI 1.265-7.929), hyperglycemia(OR=3.400,95%CI 1.254-9.216), multiple abscesses(OR=2.667,95%CI 1.043-6.815), abscesses size≥10 cm (OR=5.000,95%CI 1.096-22.820) were positively associated with bacterial liver abscess complicated with septicemia.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that abscesses size≥10 cm (OR=14.016,95%CI 1.354-145.070) was an independent risk factor for complication of with septicemia.Conclusion septicemia is a common complication for bacterial liver abscess, clinically effective measures shauld be taken to prevent and control risk factors associated with septicemia.
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Objective To study the clinical characteristics,pathogens,drug sensitivity and prevention measures in malignant hematological disease combined with septicemia.Methods The clinical data of 95 malignant hematological disease combined with septicemia patients from January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results One hundred and ten episodes of septicemia occurred in all the 95 patients,among which acute leukemia patients accounted for 69.1％ (76/110),patients with neutrophil counts ＜0.5 × 109/L accounted for 82.7％ (91/110),and patients with agranulocytosis time ＞7 days accounted for 66.4％(73/110).Major pathogenic bacteria was gram negative bacteria,including Escherichia coli 30.9％(34/110),Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5％,16/110),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.7％,14/110).Carbapenems and amikacin was the most sensitive in susceptibility testing.Ninety-eight episodes of septicemia cured or improved,and 12 patients died,with a mortality of 12.6％ (12/95).Fifteen patients had septic shock,of whom 7 patients were dead.Conclusions Septicemia is very serious for malignant hematological patients,which may lead to rapidly progress,high incidence to septic shock and high mortality.Early prevention and treatment is important for patients,and strong anti-infection and supportive treatment is needed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compared seed culture of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) bacteria which was used to produce vaccine for its antibody induction efficiency before and after passaging in natural host (calf) using laboratory animals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serial dilution of virulent bacteria was injected in to mice which were immunized with HS vaccine which was obtained from seed bacteria before and after back passaged in calf. Ratio of survived and dead was calculated by Reed-Meunch hypothesis and the LD50 value for each vaccine trial groups were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immunological study revealed that vaccine prepared from back passaged seed culture showed greater improvement in its immunopotency than seed vaccine (before back passage). Around 200 mice were used to study the immuno efficiency of vaccine. Each mouse was from the same source, which were free from the Pastuerella infection previous to expose to trial infection. The same broth culture of HS was used to induce infection in mice in both trials (vaccine before back passage and vaccine after back passage). The 0.2 mL of broth dilution from 10(-1) to 10(-10) was used, as dilution increases, death rate decreases. It indicates the minimum load of bacterium is required to induced infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Obtained results revealed that back passaged vaccine seed HS bacteria in its natural host had provided better immune efficiency to the culture than laboratory stock culture, and this findings recommended that regular annual back passage was mandatory for the vaccine seed culture of Pastuerella multocida bacteria for better establishment of immune potent vaccines.</p>
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Pasteurella multocida is a Gram negative, non motile and coccobacillus bacterium. It has 5 strains i.e. A, B, D, E and F and 16 serotypes (1-16). In present study, we analyzed Pasteurella multocida B: 2 strains, responsible for Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) in cattle, on morphological/microbial, biochemical, molecular level and to check the antibiotic sensitivity of the Pasteurella multocida. Microbial analysis showed that while grown on Brain Heart Infusion agar plates and Blood Agar Base Medium, grayish lustrous colonies of Pasteurella multocida were observed. Gram staining showed that Pasteurella multocida are gram negative. Microscopic observations revealed it to be coccobacillus and it was non- motile. Identification was conducted by conventional biochemical tests and percentage identification of Analytical Profile Index was 96 %. Antibiotic sensitivity with different antibiotics was checked by disk diffusion method and was found resistant to Augmentin, Amoxicillin and Aztreonam and was more susceptible to Ceftiofur. On molecular level its DNA was extracted and was run with marker having range from 0.5 – 10 kb. Its DNA was found heavier than 10 kb. It was concluded that accurate laboratory diagnosis of Pasteurella multocida depends on isolation and identification of suspected bacterial colonies by microscopy and biochemical tests. Molecular analysis is a successful tool for differentiation of strains in a variety of bacterial infections.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors for nosocomial bacteremia and decrease the prevalence of nosocomial bacteremia.Methods We collected the data of bacteremia patients in our hospital from January,2006 to December,2009.According to the criterion of nosocomial infection,the patients were divided into nosocomial bacteremia group (83) and community-onset bacteremia group (119).The influence of a series of variables on the development on both types of bacteremia was analyzed by Student＇s t test and x2 test.The risk factors were performed using multivariate logistic regression.Results Compared to that of community-onset bacteremia group,the proportion of malignancy (21/83 vs 12/119,x2 =8.2846,P ＜ 0.01 ),venous catheter ( 28/83 vs 3/119,x2 =36.67,P ＜ 0.01 ),diabetes ( 37/83 vs 0/119,x2 =68.226,P ＜0.05),surgical operation(37/83 vs 0/119,x2 =68.226,P ＜0.01),previous antibiotics(78/83 vs 10/119,x2 =173.5657,P ＜ 0.01 ) in nosocomial bacteremia group were higher.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only 4 factors were significantly and independently responsible for nosocomial bacteremia,They were malignancy ( P ＜ 0.05,OR =3.186),diabetes ( P ＜0.001,OR =4.821 ),venous catheter( P ＜ 0.05,OR =2.135),previous antibiotics ( P ＜ 0.05,OR =2.135 ).The bacteria in nosocomial bacteremia group showed more ability to resist to antibiotics.Conclusions We should pay more attention to the patients with diabetes or malignancy or venous catheter or previous treated with antibiotics.These patients have more chances to develop to nosocomial bacteremia and infect by the drug-resistant bacteria.
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To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of influenza pneumonia with staphylococcal infection. One patient in our hospital was diagnosed and the literatures on the subject were reviewed. The patient presented with high fever and dyspnea. Arterial gas analysis indicated type 1 respiratory failure. Chest X ray photographs showed bilateral infiltrations and bilatera encapsulated pleural effusions. Viral separation and culture of pharyngeal swab indicated H3N2 subtype of human influenza virus. Blood, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cultures showed Staphylococcus aureus. Pleural effusion was complex parapneumonic pleural effusion. After the administration of anti-virus, anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and pleural cavity drainage, the patient was cured. The infection of staphylococcus aureus is a typical characteristic of influenza pneumonia, and anti-staphylococcal antibiotic therapy (with MRSA activity in MRSA endemic regions) should be initiated in hospitalized cases of influenza pneumonia. If complex parapneumonic pleural effusion or empyema complicated, we should perform pleural cavity drainage in time. The oral neuraminidase inhibitor (oseltamivir) could significantly improve prognosis.