ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Inicialmente en la anestesia, el médico dependía de sus propios sentidos, en la actualidad la ingeniería electrónica optimiza la medición de funciones vitales. El oxímetro de pulso permite la identificación temprana de episodios de hipoxemia por medición de la saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2). Múltiples factores interfieren en su lectura, por ejemplo, los esmaltes en las uñas. En África es común que las mujeres se apliquen esmaltes ecológicos de henna natural y de Alkanna tinctoria (phudan). Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del esmalte de uñas ecológico en la medición de la saturación periférica de oxígeno en pacientes sometidos a cirugía. Casos clínicos: 1) Paciente programada para practicar histerectomía total abdominal, con uñas pintadas con esmalte de henna de un color castaño rojizo, al medir saturación periférica de oxígeno se observó 92% y al retirar el esmalte, 98%. 2) Situación similar se presentó en paciente con hernia epigástrica gigante, uñas pintadas de colorante rojo de Alkanna tinctoria, se monitorizó (SpO2), se observó 94%. Se retiró el esmalte y se observó 99%. Conclusiones: Los esmaltes ecológicos de uñas alteran la medición de la saturación periférica de oxígeno en pacientes sometidos a cirugía en las condiciones que se practica la anestesiología en este país.
Abstract: Introduction: Initially in anesthesia, the doctor relied on his own senses, currently by electronic engineering better measurement of vital functions. The pulse oximeter allows early identification of hypoxemic episodes, by measuring peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Multiple factors interfere with its reading, for example nail polishes. In Africa, it is common for women to apply organic enamels of natural henna and Alkanna tinctoria (phudan). Objective: To evaluate the influence of ecological nail polish in the measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing surgery. Clinical cases: 1) Patient scheduled to perform a total abdominal hysterectomy, with nails painted with henna enamel of a reddish-brown color, when measuring peripheral oxygen saturation, 92% is observed, and when removing the enamel 98% of saturation was observed. 2) A similar situation occurred in a patient with a giant epigastric hernia, nails painted with Alkanna tinctoria red dye, it was monitored (SpO2), 94% were observed. The enamel was removed and 99 % of saturation was observed. Conclusions: Ecological nail polishes alter the measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing surgery, under the conditions that anesthesiology is practiced in this country.
ABSTRACT
A number of social and cultural practices are prevalent in the Middle-East celebrating various occasions or to treat health conditions. These often result in dermatoses that are unfamiliar and confusing to dermatologists outside this region. This paper reviews skin manifestations emanating from traditional and ritual practices in Arab countries, particularly those from Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Henna is a natural dye derived from the leaves of the tree Lawsonia inermis known for its very low allergic properties. Recently, however, cases of pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing have been increasing. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and histologic features of pigmented contact dermatitis caused by henna dyeing. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histopathologic features of patients diagnosed with pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing from June 2014 to August 2017. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a history of henna dyeing were included. All patients were female, and mean age was 58.9±8.2 years. They presented with rapidly spreading dark brownish patches located mostly adjacent to the hairline, such as at the forehead, temple, and lateral cheek. The mean duration between symptom onset and henna dyeing was 4.52 months (0~15). Standard patch test and as is test using henna showed no significant results. There were 18 patients with pruritus, which was only present at the early stage. Histopathologic examinations showed lichenoid inflammation with dermal melanin incontinence, vacuolar alteration, epidermal apoptotic cells, and perivascular inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pigmented contact dermatitis observed after henna dyeing was caused by the toxicity of henna itself, not by other additives. The active ingredient of henna is lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which may have induced pigmented contact dermatitis by its own cellular toxicity. Dermatologists should consider henna dyeing as a potential cause of pigmentation of the face and neck.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Cheek , Dermatitis, Contact , Forehead , Inflammation , Lawsonia Plant , Melanins , Neck , Patch Tests , Pigmentation , Pruritus , Retrospective Studies , TreesABSTRACT
La henna es un colorante vegetal ampliamente utilizado para crear tatuajes temporales. Su coloración negra se debe a la adición de parafenilendiamina, potente sensibilizador, conocido como agente causal de dermatitis de contacto por reacciones de hipersensibilidad tipo IV. La frecuencia de dermatitis de contacto secundarias a este compuesto parece ir en aumento, siendo necesario educar a la población en relación a los efectos secundarios a su uso, que en algunos casos pueden ser severos y permanentes.
Henna is a vegetal colorant widely used to create temporary tattoos. Its black color is created by the addition of paraphenylenediamine that is a potent sensitizer agent, known as a cause of type-IV allergic contact dermatitis. The frequency of contact dermatitis secondary to this compound appears to be increasing, being necessary to educate people regarding the secondary effects of its use, which in some cases can be severe and permanent.
ABSTRACT
Black henna tattoos have paraphenylenediamine (PPD), which contains a product of herbal origin, which due to its molecular characteristics is capable of inducing, in susceptible individuals, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. It clinically manifests as a contact dermatitis that usually when it disappears, scarring and hypopigmentation are left in the injured area. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with hypersensitivity to henna tattoo and to present the most relevant phenomena associated with this condition. Case report: The case of a 6 year-old patient with a black henna tattoo on his right leg, who was diagnosed with contact dermatitis probably attributed to PPD, is presented. Mometasone furoate and topical silicone gel treatment was started with good response. Conclusion: Mometasone furoate and silicone gel are a good possible therapeutic option for treating contact dermatitis caused by PPD as the dermatosis was resolved without residual lesions.
Los tatuajes de henna negra son aquellos que contienen parafenilendiamina (PPD), que contienen un producto de origen herbal, que por sus características moleculares es capaz de inducir, en individuos susceptibles, una reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo IV. Se manifiesta clínicamente como una dermatitis de contacto, que generalmente al desaparecer, persiste de manera residual una cicatriz hipertrófica e hipopigmentación en la zona lesionada. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con hipersensibilidad al tatuaje de henna, y presentar los fenómenos más relevantes asociados a esta patología. Caso clínico: Paciente de 6 años de edad, que se realizó un tatuaje con henna negra en la pierna derecha, en quien se diagnosticó posteriormente una dermatitis de contacto atribuida probablemente a la PPD. Se comenzó tratamiento con furoato de mometasona y gel de silicona con buena respuesta por vía tópica. Conclusión: El furoato de mometasona y gel de silicona son una posible opción terapéutica de utilidad para tratar la dermatitis de contacto causada por el PPD, debido a que la dermatosis se resolvió sin lesiones residuales.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Mometasone Furoate/therapeutic use , Phenylenediamines/adverse effects , Silicone Gels/therapeutic use , Tattooing/adverse effects , Coloring Agents/administration & dosage , Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/drug therapy , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/etiology , Mometasone Furoate/administration & dosage , Phenylenediamines/administration & dosage , Silicone Gels/administration & dosage , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Henna leaves are the raw material of commercial body and hair dyes. According to historical and ethnobotanical information, henna was one of the first plants used for such purpose. However, differences can be observed between henna products by the origin of the raw material, the presence of other plants, or the addition of various contaminants that may cause allergies and permanent scarring. Nowadays henna is used everywhere but it lacks the necessary controls. We report a pharmacognostic study focused on quality control of henna's raw materials from different countries or based on other plants. The analytic approach based on High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was proposed as a reliable technique to evaluate natural products complex mixtures, as it is also the case of derived botanical marketed products.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To describe the adverse effects of the leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis plant (Henna), extensively used for medicinal benefits in traditional Arab/African culture, on the histology of liver, kidney and spleen of male rats. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Onaiza, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, between August 2011 and November 2011. Methodology: Henna leaf solution was given to male rats at doses of 200 mg and 1000 mg/Kg/day for a period of six weeks/42 days. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period and their effects were studied specifically focusing on the histology of the liver, kidney and spleen; organs involved in detoxification, hematopoiesis and immune functions. Results & Conclusion: No pathological changes were evident at 200 mg dose for liver, kidney and spleen sections. However, significant pathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney at 1000 mg dose suggestive of degenerative or apoptotic changes. In view of these pathological relevant results, it is not advisable to use such high doses of Henna leaf extract in clinical formulations. Additional future pharmacokinetics studies are suggested.
ABSTRACT
En la actualidad los tatuajes de henna negra se utilizan en forma muy frecuente, por lo que el número de reportes sobre reacciones adversas asociadas a su uso se ha incrementado. La Parafenilendiamina o PPD es el químico que más se adiciona a la henna para intensificar y prolongar la duración del color del tatuaje. Posee un gran poder sensibilizante y se le atribuyen la mayoría de las reacciones, desde dermatitis leve hasta reacciones generalizadas tipo eritema multiforme-like. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 7 años con lesiones cutáneas frente a segunda exposición a tatuaje de henna. Con diagnóstico de dermatitis de contacto se maneja con corticoidestópicos con excelente respuesta clínica. Como prevención primaria planteamos la necesidad de programas que permitan educar a la comunidad en relación a los riesgos asociados a la exposición a PPD, recomendando el NO uso de tatuajes de henna negra.
Today, black henna tattoos are very commonly used, so the number of reports on adverse reactions associated with its use has increased. The paraphenylenediamine or PPD is the chemical that is most commonly added to henna to intensify and prolong the duration of the color tattoo. PPD act as sensitizer of most of the reactions, from mild dermatitis to generalized reactions erythema multiforme-like. We show a case of a 7 year old patient with skin lesions that appears during the second exposure to henna tattoos. We made the diagnosis of a contact dermatitis and we manage it with topical corticosteroids with excellent clinical response. As primary prevention we suggest the need of educational programs for the community regarding the risks associated with the exposure of PPD, and avoiding the use of black henna tattoos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/drug therapy , Phenylenediamines/adverse effects , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/prevention & control , Hypersensitivity , Naphthoquinones/adverse effects , Primary Prevention , Tattooing/adverse effects , Tattooing/methodsABSTRACT
Cada vez es más frecuente la realización de seudotatuajes de henna de color negro en la población pediátrica y la incidencia de efectos adversos se incrementa significativamente. La henna negra no existe de forma natural; se obtiene a partir de la henna original por añadido de otros compuestos, entre ellos, la parafenilendiamina (PPD), que oscurece y facilita mayor precisión en el dibujo del tatuaje. La PPD posee un gran poder sensibilizante y es un conocido inductor de dermatitis alérgicas de contacto. Puede ocasionar reacciones locales persistentes, secuelas por hiperpigmentación/hipopigmentación, así como futuros problemas debido a que se encuentra presente en múltiples productos de la vida cotidiana. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 11 años con dermatitis alérgica de contacto a tatuaje de henna negra con pruebas epicutáneas positivas para PPD, para alertar sobre el riesgo de estetipo de seudotatuajes.
Temporary black henna tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated witha growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizerand increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentarysequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergiccontact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Lawsonia Plant/adverse effects , Tattooing/adverse effects , TattooingABSTRACT
Hair coloring with henna has been popular in Turkey for years. In recent years since the tattoos are applied by the street vendors in most of the beach places in Turkey, skin coloring with henna has also increased. Henna can be used alone or in combination with other coloring agents. Henna alone can be safe but due to additives such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD), p-toluenediamine and various essential oils, allergic contact reactions may occur. We report a 22-year-old man who developed severe inflammatory and keloidal, moderately bullous allergic reaction after henna paint-on tattoo. We did a patch test separately with these painting products (henna powder, PPD) and with the European standard series. PPD was strongly positive (+++) on day 2 and remained positive for following days. After treating with topical clobetasol-17 butyrate, resolution was obtained in two weeks. But some keloidal reaction remained.
ABSTRACT
Allergic and irritant reactions to henna are rare. Para-phenylenediamine, which is sometimes added to obtain a dark, blackish henna, causes the majority of contact dermatitis reported related with tattoos. Allergic contact dermatitis due to temporary paint-on tattoo with black henna is described in two adolescents.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Lawsonia Plant/adverse effects , Phenylenediamines/adverse effects , Tattooing/adverse effects , Coloring Agents/adverse effects , HumansABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de reacción de contacto por la realización de un tatuaje de henna en un paciente pediátrico y se alerta sobre las posibles complicaciones a corto y largo plazo de este procedimiento. Se trata de una niña de 12 años de edad que presentó una dermatitis de contacto después de haberse realizado un tatuaje temporario de henna. Realizó tratamiento con corticoide tópico con mejoría gradual y posterior aparición de una mácula hipocrómica residual post inflamatoria. El test epicutáneo realizado fue positivo para la parafenilenodiamina. La moda del tatuaje de henna se ha hecho común en la edad pediátrica y muchos casos de dermatitis por contacto por henna han sido descriptos en niños. Este procedimiento produce reacciones locales persistentes, erupciones símil eritema multiforme y secuelas pigmentarias, así como problemas con la futura utilización de las tinturas para el cabello debido a la sensibilización a la parafenilenodiamina. Consideramos que la comunicación de este caso es de importancia para alertar al pediatra y al dermatólogo sobre las posibles complicaciones de este procedimiento.
We present a pediatric case of contact reaction to henna tattoo, alerting of the possible short and long-term complications of this kind of procedure. We describe a 12-year-old girl with a contact dermatitis after applying a temporary henna tattoo. There was gradual improvement with the use of topical corticosteroid and evolution to residual hypochromy. Patch test was positive to paraphenilenodiamine. "Temporary tattomania" with henna is getting to the pediatric population and many cases of henna contact dermatitis have been described in children. They may present as long lasting local reactions, erythema multiform-like lesions and pigmentary sequels apart from problems with the future use of hair dyers as a result of sensitization by paraphenilenodiamine. Thus we believe that the presentation of this case is an opportunity to inform the pediatricians and dermatologists about the possibility of these complications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Dermatitis, Contact/etiology , Lawsonia Plant/adverse effects , Tattooing/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Lumbosacral RegionABSTRACT
Tattooing and other forms of body art have recently become popular fashion accessories worldwide. Temporary henna tattooing has also become increasingly popular and is readily available. Henna, which is called Mehndi in Indian, is a plant that is commonly used as a temporary dyeing agent. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is added to the Henna tattooing process in most cases to hasten the drying process and enhance darkness. Since PPD is widely recognized as a sensitizer, the risk of allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoo mixtures is increasing. We report a case of contact dermatitis from a henna tattoo mixture, which developed 2 weeks after henna tattooing.
Subject(s)
Darkness , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Dermatitis, Contact , Plants , TattooingABSTRACT
Dermatite de contato à henna é raramente descrito. A maioria dos casos de dermatite está associada a aditivos nos fixadores da henna, especialmente a parafenileno diamina (PPD). Essa substância é adicionada para reduzir o tempo de fixação da tatuagem e realçar sua cor escura. Relatamos três casos de dermatite de contato alérgica por reação à tatuagem de henna associada à parafenileno diamina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Lawsonia Plant , Paraphenylendiaminum , Cosmetic Coloring AgentsABSTRACT
Henna, which is called Mehndi in Indian, is a plant that is widely used as a natural dyeing agent all over the world. It was introduced to Korea several years ago, and is now popular amongyoung people as a hair-dyeing agent and for temporary tattooing. The leaf of Henna contains naphthoquinone, which is the main coloring agent, and is not known to case skim sensitization. However, another coloring agent, in most cases, para-phenylenediamine space (PPD), is added to Henna tattooing, in order to speed up and darken the color. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis in a 25-year-old female, which developed 3 weeks after Henna tattooing.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Korea , Plants , TattooingABSTRACT
The art of body adornment by body piercing and tattooing has become increasingly popular in our modern culture. Temporary henna tattoos are readily available worldwide, last several weeks on the skin, and offer a self-limited, convenient alternative to a permanent tattoo. The addition of para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is widely recognized as a sensitizer, increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis from these henna tattoo mixtures, and a number of cases have been reported. We report a case of contact dermatitis from a henna tattoo mixture, which was diagnosed by the patch test and identification and quantification of PPD and nickel in a temporary henna tattoo.