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Abstract Chronic hepatitis B is an important health problem that can progress to cirrhosis and complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. There is approximately 290 million of people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, however only 10% of patients are currently identified.Most part of Brazil is considered of low prevalence of HBV infection but there are some regions with higher frequency of carriers. Unfortunately, many infected patients are not yet identified nor evaluated for treatment.The Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Hepatology worked together to elaborate a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B. The document includes information regarding the population to be tested, diagnostic tools, indications of treatment, therapeutic schemes and also how to handle HBV infection in specific situations (pregnancy, children, immunosuppression, etc).Delta infection is also part of the guideline, since it is an important infection in some parts of the country.
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Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Gastroenterology , Hepatitis B , Liver Neoplasms , Brazil , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/drug therapyABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C en la población general de la zona sur de Manabí-Ecuador. Se demostró la ausencia de anticuerpos contra VHC en la población estudiada, se necesitan estudios adicionales que abarquen una población mayor
The objective of this research is to determine the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in the general population of the southern area of Manabí-Ecuador. The absence of HCV antibodies was demonstrated in the studied population, additional studies covering a larger population are needed
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ObjectiveTo investigate missed detection in the screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a general hospital in 2015-2018. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 3659 patients who attended People’s Hospital, Peking University, from 2015 to 2018 and underwent the detection of anti-HCV and HCV RNA. Architect I2000 by Abbott and Vitros 3600 by Johnson and Johnson were used to measure anti-HCV, and the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas Taqman 96 automatic virus quantification system was used to measure HCV RNA. The specimens were collected from the patients with positive HCV RNA and negative anti-HCV, and Sanger sequencing was used to determine HCV genotype. The patients were followed up to observe the status of HCV infection and clinical conditions. The signal-to-cut-off (S/CO) ratio was used to express the results of anti-HCV detection. GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used to plot the distribution map of the S/CO ratio of anti-HCV. ResultsOf all 3659 patients, 6 (0.16%) had negative anti-HCV based on at least one reagent and positive HCV RNA, with a mean level of (6.40±1.86)log10 IU/ml. Among these 6 patients, 5 (83%) had acute leukemia and 1 had respiratory disease; among these patients, 1 had good prognosis, 3 had poor prognosis, and 2 died. ConclusionWhen antibody is used as the primary screening method for HCV infection, the rate of missed detection reaches 0.16%, and most of these patients have poor prognosis. HCV RNA detection should be performed for patients with immunodeficiency to avoid missed detection.
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Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis is a common problem in India. World wide data shows that 5 to 20 percent of this is caused by non A-E hepatitis. There is no data in India regarding non A-E hepatitis. We carried out this study to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors and outcome of non A-E hepatitis. Material and methods: In this single centre study, we evaluated all patients admitted with features of acute viral hepatitis at our hospital between the period of February to July 2015. A detailed history about the epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features was done. Patients were evaluated with bilirubin, transaminases and prothrombin time. Each patient was investigated for IgM HAV, IgM HEV, HBsAg and Antibody against hepatitis C. Patients turning out negative were investigated for presence of autoimmune hepatitis or Wilson's disease. All viral markers were repeated a week later to confirm non A-E status. Results: A total 265 patients were included of which 41 (15.4%) patients were non A-E hepatitis. They had higher age (28.55 vs 34.99, p<0.05) but similar gender and sub urban location. Median SEC classification was A2 in hepatitis A/E group as compared to A3 in non A-E group. The duration of symptoms and clinical features between the two groups were similar with Anorexia, Malasie, Nausea/vomiting being most common. The risk factors between the two groups were similar. The bilirubin and transaminases were non significantly lower than hepatitis A/E patients while albumin levels were significantly lower. The outcomes of both groups were similar with no mortality or fulminant hepatitis. Conclusion: Non A-E hepatitis patients tends to be older, lower SEC class and had lower albumin levels as compared to hepatitis A/E
Introdución: La hepatitis viral aguda es un problema común en la India. Los datos mundiales indican que el 5 al 20% es causada por hepatitis no A-E. No hay datos en la India sobre hepatitis no A-E. Objetivo: Se realiza este estudio para evaluar la epidemiología, clínica, factores de riesgo y pronóstico de la hepatitis no A-E. Material y métodos: En este estudio de un solo centro evaluamos a todos los pacientes que se admitieron con clínica de hepatitis viral aguda en nuestro hospital en el periodo de febrero a julio del 2015. Se realizó una historia detallada para evaluar la epidemiología, características clínicas. Se les tomó bilirrubinas, transaminasas y tiempo de protrombina. A cada paciente se le realizó HAV IgM, HEV IgM, HbsAg y anticuerpo anti hepatitis C. Los que fueron negativos se les estudió para hepatitis autoinmune y enfermedad de Wilson. Todos los marcadores virales se repitieron a la semana para confirmar hepatitis no A-E. Resultados: Se incluyeron 256 pacientes, 41 de ellos (15,4%) fueron hepatitis no A-E. Tuvieron más edad (28,55 vs 34,99, p<0,05), pero el mismo género y ubicación urbana. La clasificación media SEC fue A2 en el grupo hepatitis A/E, comparada con 3 en el grupo de no A-E. La duración de los síntomas y el desarrollo clínico fue similar en ambos grupos, siendo la anorexia el malestar general, las náuseas y los vómitos los más frecuentes. El factor de riesgo fue similar, al igual que las transaminasas, mientras que la albúmina fue significativamente menor. El resultado fue similar sin caso alguno de hepatitis fulminante. Conclusión: Los pacientes con hepatitis no A-E tienden a ser mayores, de clase SEC más baja y con valores de albumina más bajos que los pacientes con hepatitis A-E
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology , India/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of HCV antibody S /CO values in active HCV infection diagnosis in cancer patients .Methods 390 cancer patients were enrolled from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2013 and April 2015.All of the cancer patients had pathological diagnosis , including 240 males and 150 females, aged from 25 to 83 years old. HCV antibody and HCV RNA levels were detected using the Abbott i 2000 immunity analyzer and Roche LC480 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR machine , respectively.The relationship between HCV antibody S/CO value and RNA level was analyzed in the group of HCC and non-HCC patients.Results There were obvious statistical differences in age (P＝0.004), gender (P＜0.001) and HCV antibody levels (P＜0.001) between the group of HCC and non-HCC patients.There was no statistical difference in distribution of RNA positive rate between the two groups (P＝0.528).Using ROC curve analysis, the best cut-off value to diagnose active HCV infection in cancer patients is 10.0 with sensitivity 97.6%and specificity 81.3%. According to the results of the ROC curve , the cut-off was 11.4 and 10.4 in HCC and non-HCC patients respectively.Conclusion The best cut-off value to diagnose active HCV infection in cancer patients is 10.0, either in HCC or in non-HCC.
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Objective To establish a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) system for simul-taneous measurement of immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies to HCV. Methods Recombinant HCV antigen was fixed on microtiter plates to detect serum HCV antibodies. Eu3+-labeled anti-human IgM and Sm3+-labeled anti-human IgG were prepared. HCV-IgM and HCV-IgG TRFIA were established using indirect assay and further optimized and evaluated. The one-sided 95th-percentile was used to calculate the cut-off (CO) values. Results Defining 1 sample/ CO (S/ CO) as measuring unit, the detection limit was 0.06 S/ CO for HCV-IgM and 0.15 S/ CO for HCV-IgG. When diluted a strong-positive specimen from 1 :12.5 to 1 :51200, there was a good liner range within 1 :12.5 to 1 :12800 for HCV-IgM and 1 :25 to 1 :6400 for HCV-IgG. The average intra-assay CV of HCV-IgM and HCV-IgG were 3.37％ and 3.66％, respectively, and the aver-age inter-assay CV were 6.52％ and 6.75％, respectively. Compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA) kits, the positive conformity rate, the negative conformity rate and total conformity rate were 100.0％(20/ 20), 90.0％(18/ 20), 95.0％(38/ 40) for HCV-IgM TRFIA, and were 100.0％ (20/ 20), 95. 0％(19/ 20), 97.5％(39/ 40) for HCV-IgG TRFIA, respectively. Additionally, the established HCV-IgM and HCV-IgG assay kits presented good stability with a decline in the value of fluorescence of 11.1％and 9.5％ respectively after being stored at 37 ℃ for 7 d. Conclusions The established HCV-IgM and HCV-IgG TRFIA could simultaneously measure HCV-IgM and HCV-IgG antibodies at one step. The method has wider detectable range and may be a more sensitive, stable, and reliable method for diagnosing HCV in-fection.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a major public health problem. Objectives: The study aimed to detect HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV among health professionals and users of the Brazilian Unified Health System [Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)] in the city of Resende, Rio de Janeiro, and to describe the sociodemographic profile and background of exposure. Methods: A total of 585 samples were collected between May and June 2014, obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System [Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN)] data, which were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Results: The predominant age group observed was 30-44 years (n = 277; 47.3%), 54.87% (n = 321) were female and 271 (46.32%) self declared skin colour/ethnicity white. The married participants were 262 (44.78%), 42.22% graduated from high school (n = 247) and 174 were health professionals (29.74%). Four participants were anti-HCV reagents and 18 were anti-HBc reagents. From these, 15 participants were reactive for anti-HBs antibodies. Among health professionals, 68.8% were anti-HBs positive. And 63.9% of participants declared to be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Conclusion: The prevalence of 0.68% for HCV and 3.08% for anti-HBc are below that detected in the Southeast region from the last census in the capitals of Brazil. There is still a reduced acceptance among health professionals for HBV and HCV screening.
RESUMO Introdução: As infecções causadas pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e C (VHC) constituem grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivos: O estudo visou detectar os marcadores HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-VHC em profissionais de saúde e usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no município de Resende, Rio de Janeiro, bem como descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e os antecedentes de exposição. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 585 amostras entre maio e junho de 2014, obtidas dos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Elas foram testadas para HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-VHC. Resultados: A faixa etária predominante observada foi de 30-44 anos (n = 277; 47,3%); 54,87% (n = 321) eram do sexo feminino e 271 (46,32%) se autodeclararam de cor da pele/etnia branca. Os participantes casados foram 262 (44,78%); 42,22% tinham o ensino médio (n = 247) e 174 eram profissionais de saúde (29,74%). Quatro participantes eram anti-VHC reagentes e 18, reagentes para anti-HBc. Destes, 15 eram anti-HBs reagentes (aHBs+). Nos profissionais de saúde, 68,8% possuem aHbs+. Em relação à vacinação contra hepatite B, 63,9% declararam possuí-la. Conclusão: As prevalências 0,68% de VHC e de 3,08% de anti-HBc estão abaixo da detectada na região Sudeste no último censo nas capitais do Brasil. Há ainda reduzida adesão dos profissionais de saúde à testagem para VHB e VHC.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting hepatitis C antibody. Methods 200 cases of patients with hepatitis C was measured by ELISA, the gold standard method for detection of hepatitis C virus antibody, recording the test results, the data input SPSS software to give the corresponding analysis and conclusions. Results 200 cases of patients with hepatitis C were successfully completed the gold standard method and ELISA method for detection of hepatitis C virus antibody, the analysis showed that positive rate of ELISA method for detection of hepatitis C virus antibody was significantly higher than that of the gold standard method, the positive rate of ELISA was 82.50％, the positive rate of the gold standard method for was 50.00％, results suggested that HCV detection rate of ELISA method is significantly better (P<0.05). Conclusion The method of ELISA can be used for the detection of hepatitis C antibody, which has positive significance in improving the diagnostic accuracy of hepatitis C, and is beneficial to protect the efficacy and quality of life of patients.
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Objective To compare the clinical value of two kinds of imunoassay method including CLIA and ELISA in the detection of related antibody of patients with HCV.Methods 60 patients with HCV were chosen as study subjects,and the related antibodies of patients were detected by CLIA and ELISA.The positive rates of anti HCV antibody,anti-3E antibody,anti-GP210 antibody,anti-SP100 antibody,anti-PML antibody and anti-AMA -M2 antibody detected by CLIA and ELISA were compared.Results The positive rates of anti-HCV antibody detected by CLIA and ELISA were 83.33％ (50/60),98.33％ (59/60),respectively.The anti-HCV antibody detected by CLIA was significantly higher than by ELISA (x2 =4.73,P =0.03).The positive rates of anti-3E antibody,anti-GP210 antibody,anti-SP100 antibody,anti-PML antibody and anti-AMA-M2 antibody detected by ELISA were 11.67 ％ (7/60),6.67 ％ (4/60),11.67 ％ (7/60),10.00 ％ (6/60),11.67 ％ (7/60),respectively,those detected by CLIA were 73.33 ％ (44/60),50.00％ (30/60),38.33 ％ (23/60),58.33 ％ (35/60),80.00％(48/60),respectively.The positive rates of anti-3E antibody,anti-GP210 antibody,anti-SP1O0 antibody,anti PML antibody and anti-AMA-M2 antibody detected by CLIA were significantly higher than by ELISA(x2 =18.81,11.51,13.23,15.08,13.75,all P＜0.05).Concelusion Compared with ELISA,CLIA in the detection of related antibodies of patients with HCV can efficiently higher the positive rate of anti-HCV and autoantibody.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different detection methods on the results for alanine aminotransferase (ALT),HBsAg and hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) through testing the blood of 273 316 person time blood donors from 2009 to June2015,and to investigate the distribution of HBsAg,HCV-Ab and ALT and their correlation in blood donors,detection mode of nucleic acid detection in negative samples used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),the results of blood donors,who were single reagent HBsAg,HCV-Ab positive,were detected again after for 24 weeks (maximum window period),and necessity of ALT screening before collecting blood sample,which provided a basis for the optimization of blood detection methods.Methods The rate method was used to detect ALT,detection of HCV-Ab and HBsAg was used ELISA,nucleic acid detection was performed on HBsAg and HCV-Ab negative blood by enzyme immunoassay,and dry chemistry complete automatic biochemistry analyzer were used for ALT screening before blood sampling in street.The enumeration data were analyzed by the x2 test with P ＜ 0.05 for statistically significant.Results The total ALT positive rate of 273 316 people was 4.09％ in Baoji city,the single ALT positive was main (98.17％,11 185/273 316).The ALT positive rate (5.20％) of male was higher than that of women (1.79％) (x2 =1780.94,P ＜0.05),and the ALT positive rate of 18 ～44 years old group (4.48％) was higher than that of 45 ～ 55 years old groups (3.26％) (x2 =223.87,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of ALT before carting out ALT screening (4.90％,8 448/172 472) was higher than that of after carrying ALT screening (2.71％,2 737/100 844) (x2 =773.43,P ＜ 0.05).Through nucleic acid detection for serums of 143 815 ELISA negative blood donors,there were no HCV-Ab positive and 75 HbsAg positive.The Kappa value was 0.049 between ELISA and nucleic acid examination in single reagent HBsAg positive blood donors after 24 weeks.Conclusions The ALT positive and HBV,HCV had no correlation,and the ALT single positive were main in blood donors.Carrying out ATL blood screening,two times of ELISA detection and one times the nucleic acid detection may improve the blood safety level.HBsAg and HCV-Ab positive blood donors in 24 weeks (maximum window period) after ELISA and nucleic acid detection can be negative.Return blood donation team.The HbsAg and HCV-Ab positive blood donors,who were negative by the ELISA and nucleic acid detection after the 24 week (maximum window period),can return to the blood donation team.
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BACKGROUND: Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) assays are recommended for screening HCV-infected persons. The VIDAS Anti-HCV Assay (bioMérieux, France), based on the enzyme-linked fluorescence test principle, was recently introduced in Korea. We evaluated the clinical performance of the VIDAS assay. METHODS: One hundred HCV-positive and 1,002 HCV-negative blood samples confirmed by Architect anti-HCV (Abbott Laboratories, USA) and COBAS TaqMan HCV real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, USA) or the Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay (Gen-Probe Incorporated, USA) were obtained from the Human Serum Bank (HSB) and tested by VIDAS. In case of discrepant results, we conducted a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). RESULTS: The agreement rates for known HCV-positive and HCV-negative samples between the VIDAS assay and the HSB testing were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 96.4-100%) and 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8-99.8%), respectively. One of the five discrepant samples was positive for Core 2+ and NS3-2 2+ reactivity, two samples were negative, and the other two were indeterminate regarding NS4 2+ reactivity in RIBA. We observed a significant but weak positive correlation between the titers of VIDAS and Architect assays (r=0.315, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The VIDAS anti-HCV assay, developed on the VIDAS automated immunoassay platform based on the ready-to-use, single-sample test concept may be useful in small-to-medium-sized laboratories. It showed good agreement with Architect anti-HCV and COBAS PCR assays and is therefore useful for detection of HCV infection. Weakly test-positive (ambiguous) samples require additional testing by another anti-HCV, RIBA, or HCV RNA assay.
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Humans , Automation , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Immunoassay , Immunoblotting , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between anti-HCV antibody level and hepatitis C virus genotype in the patients.Methods Total of 603 anti-HCV positive serum samples were collected during 2013 to 2014 by retrospective research method.HCV RNA were detected in anti-HCV positive samples by repeat test and the genotype were detected in HCV RNA positive samples.The distribution of anti-HCV level in different hepatitis C genotype patients was analyzed and the body's response to viral antibodies and viral genotype correlation with anti-HCV concentration interquartile range was explored.Rates among genotype groups were compared using chi-square test.Results Totally 412 of 603 (68.33％) samples were anti-HCV positive by double reagent screening.174(42.3％) samples were detected as HCV RNA positive.The distributions of different anti-HCV level in different genotype patients were 1a(n =8) 1/8,1/8,4/8,2/8;1b(n =112)25.9％ (29/112),17.0％ (19/112),25.9％ (29/112),31.3％ (35/112);2a(n =14)3/14,4/14,5/14,2/14;3a(n =11)3/11,6/11,2/11,0/11;3b(n =16)4/16,11/16,1/16,0/16;6a(n =8)2/8,2/8,1/8,3/8 with anti-HCV concentration interquartile range respectively.The anti-HCV concentration distribution was different in patients with different HCV genotypes.The anti-HCV concentration distribution in patients of 1 b,2a and 6a genotypes were evently,while anti-HCV level was relatively high in 1a (13.65) and relatively low in 3b (8.77).There were differences in different genotypes of antibody concentrations (x2 =35.2,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There was correlation between anti-HCV level and HCV genotype.Because there were fewer cases in some genotypes,it was necessary to investigate more samples to corfirm the above results.
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Objective To investigate relationships between signal/cutoff (S/CO) ratios of antiHCV recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and their positivity with different chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA) reagents.Methods A case-control study was performed.From March 2014 to March 2015,anti-HCV antibody was detected in 2 616 serum of outpatients and inpatients coming from Department of Clinical Laboratory,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University by three kinds of homemade CLIA reagents and one imported CLIA reagents.The positive samples were further tested by RIBA.The correlation between the positivity and the S/CO ratios was analyzed.The difference between different reagents were compared by x2 method.Results The predicted positivities of Shandong Laibo were 97.8％ and 33.3％ with S/CO ratio ≥ 26.8 and 1 to 26.8,respectively;The predicted positivities of Beijing Yuande were 96.7％ and 20％ with S/CO ratio ≥ 16.6 and 1 to 16.6,respectively;The predicted positivities of Beijing Kemei were 97.0％ and 9.8％ with S/CO ratio ≥ 16.7 and 1 to16.7,respectively;The predicted positivities of Abbott were 96.9％ and 12.8％ with S/CO ratio≥5 and 1 to 5,respectively.Conclusions Anti-HCV CLIA S/CO ratio and RIBA confirmatory test results have some relevance.Domestic reagents also can refer to import reagents determine the relationship between the positivity and the S/CO ratio.Different domestic reagent of positivity has different S/CO ratio.Although each reagent S/CO ratio to the same positivity has large difference,suggesting each manufacturer should set their products corresponding values according to the situation,providing reference for the clinical use of unit in result determination of the clinical trials.
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ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody as a routine test in the blood center, discuss how to optimize the reporting process for HCV antibody, and protect donors′ enthusiasm and precious blood resources. MethodsA total of 116 samples were screened by two indirect anti-HCV ELISA kits available from Shanghai Kehua (reagent A) and Beijing Wantai (reagent B), respectively. Samples that yielded positive results or gray-zone results were further validated using a confirmation reagent to establish definitive results and compare confirmed positive results and the results with the two reagents for indirect ELISA. Differences in the ELISA results of the 116 samples between the two anti-HCV reagents were compared using the paired chi-square test and the agreement between the results with the two reagents were compared using the Kappa test. ResultsThere were significant differences in the test results between the two reagents used for indirect ELISA (P=0.04), but the two reagents varied greatly from each other. The false positive rates of samples strongly or weakly positive with both reagents were 0 and 35.7%, respectively; the false positive rates of samples positive with either reagent or samples with gray-zone results were 94.3% and 100% for reagent A and 842% and 88.9% for reagent B. ConclusionReagents used for indirect ELISA have high false positive rates and poor specificity and considerable differences exist between homemade indirect reagents. The existing HCV reporting process should be modified. Weakly positive specimens should be further validated by a confirmatory test to protect blood donors′ enthusiasm.
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Objective To establish a chemiluminecentdetection method ( CLIA ) of HCV IgG antibody for the detection of HCV infection and therefore lay a foundation for the research and development of testing kit.Methods Based upon the indirect ELISA method, the microwell plate was coated with HCV-NS3 and HCV-Core antigen expressed through gene engineering, and the anti-human IgG antibody was labeled with horse radish peroxidase.In this way, the chemiluminesent detection method of HCV IgG antibody was established.Meanwhile, the serum specimen of randomly selected 198 patients infected with HCV from No.302 Hospital of PLA and 222 blood donors, and the results were compared.Results The HCV-IgG antibody, a positive consistent rate of 99.0%( 196/198 ) , a negative consistent rate of 98.2%(218/222), and a total consistent rate of 98.6%(414/420) were found through testing 420 serum specimen with self-made agent and contrast agent.One HCV positive serum was repetitively tested with the self-made agent for 10 times, and a coefficient of variation ( CV) of less than 10% was found.Conclusion The chemiluminescent detection method of HCV IgG antibody is initially established, and the method, with an outstanding specificity and sensitivity, is applicable for screening blood donors, clinically detecting HCV infection as well as epidemiological survey.
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In recent years, great achievements have been made in the therapy of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C, as majority of hepatitis C patients can be clinically cured.Though current antiviral therapy is still unable to eradicate hepatitis B virus in infected hepatocyte and few patients could achieve HBsAg loss or seroconversion, end-stage liver disease like cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma have been dramatically prevented.The advances in treatments have prompted the progress in laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis.Here we review the progress in the field.
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Objective To understand hepatitis c virus infection in drug users in Huainan city,and to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of hepatitis c prevalence.Methods Two groups of participants was col-lected,one group was drug abusers under detoxification from January,2014 to December in Huainan city, another group treated random health examination patients in outpatient department of the third people's hospital in Huainan cit-y as detect objects.Venous blood and serum were collected and centrifuged from patients of the two groups,and the hepatitis c virus antibody kit of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was accessd.The whole test process was opera-ted in strict accordance with the national practice of clinical laboratory and kits operating requirements of instructions. Serological tests were carried out on the two groups to know the existence of their hepatitis c virus antibody ( HCV antibody).Results During 337 cases of drug addicts,the HCV antibody positive specimens were found in 184 cases, with the positive rate of 54.6%.Specimens of 473 cases in the control group,were detected positive HCV antibody in 2 cases,and the positive rate was 0.4%.Conclusion Positive rate of serum anti-HCV antibody among drug users was much higher than infection rate of ordinary natural population.it is an important source of infection for hepatitis C.
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Objective To investigate the infection status of infectious diseases for 2 521 patients before blood transfusion in a Hospital in Changsha.Methods A total of 2 521 patients who would be transfused were selected,and six kind of serum hepatitis B virus indicators,hepatitis C virus antibody (antiHCV),human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV/1 + 2),and treponema pallidum antibody (antiTP) of nine common infectious disease targets were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Among 2 521 patients,HBsAg-positive cases were 8.33％,anti-HCV positive were 0.59％,anti-HIV positive [confirmed by the Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC)] was 6 cases,and TP-positive were 2.301％.A total of 289 patients were tested positively,with a total positive rate of 11.46％.Conclusions Detection before transfusion may reduce infection risk and decrease the risk of occupational exposure,strengthen medical staff self-protection,and reduce medical malpractice caused by blood transfusion.
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Objective To identify impacts of infection status of chronic hepatitis viruses and biochemical parameters of liver function on hepatic FDG uptake.Methods The results of 18F-FDG PET/CT,liver function biochemical tests and hepatic virus tests of 713 healthy adults (504 males,209 females,age 24-74 years) were retrospectively analyzed.Two-sample t test,correlation analysis,partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed to identify correlations of liver SUV with the biochemical parameters and hepatic viral infection status.Results HBsAg tests were performed in 449 subjects,with the results of 65 (14.5％) positive and 384 (85.5％) negative.HCV antibody tests were performed in 477 subjects,with 53 (11.1％) positive and 424 (88.9％) negative.The average SUV of the total subjects was 1.86±0.38.There was no significant difference of SUV between HBsAg positive group and negative group (t=1.042,P＞0.05),or between HCV antibody positive group and negative group (t=1.283,P＞ 0.05).Serum conjugated bilirubin,globulin and AST were significantly correlated with liver SUVmean(r'=-0.191,-0.087 and 0.132,all P＜0.05).These parameters were independent variables on predicting variance of liver SUV with globulin showing the largest predicting value (standardizedβ' =-0.112,P＜0.05).Conclusions Functional status of liver may affect liver 18F-FDG uptake.Serum conjugated bilirubin,globulin and AST may be the independent variables on predicting variance of liver SUV.Liver functional test results should be taken into consideration when hepatic 18F-FDG uptake is interpreted.
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Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity between indirect enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and double -antibody sandwich ELISA kits produced in China and to select the best ELISA kit.Methods Samples for evaluation included 60 serum plates and 40 serum samples positive or weakly positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti -HCV)which were confirmed by re-combinant immunoblot assay.These samples were tested with a sandwich ELISA kit and three indirect ELISA kits,all of which were pro-duced in China.Comparison between ELISA kits was made by paired chi -square test;comparison of false negative rate was made by R × C contingency table test.Results The sensitivities of three indirect ELISA kits and a sandwich ELISA kit were 90.2%,78.0%,95.1%, and 97.6%,respectively,and the specificities were 78.1%,72.6%,94.1%,and 100%,respectively.The sandwich ELISA kit had a 4-8 times higher sensitivity than indirect ELISA kits.The R ×C contingency table test revealed significant differences in false negative rate between ELISA kits and combinations of ELISA kits (χ2 =29.898,P <0.05).Conclusion Sandwich ELISA kit has higher sensitivity and specificity than indirect ELISA kits.Combined use of sandwich ELISA and indirect ELISA kits can significantly reduce the false negative rate and effectively prevent missed anti -HCV detection.