A conceptual framework for dynamics of cccDNA in hepatitis B virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

The resolution of the hepatitis C issue has raised expectations for a chronic hepatitis B cure, driving the industry to expand investment in research and development efforts to strengthen functional cure strategies. These strategies have a wide variety of types, and the published research findings are heterogeneous. The theoretical analysis of these strategies is of great significance for determining prioritized research orientations as well as sensibly allocating research and development resources. However, due to a paucity of necessary conceptual models, current theoretical analysis has not been able to unify various therapeutic strategies into a proper theoretical framework. In view of the fact that the decrease in the quantity of cccDNA is an inevitable core event accompanied by the process of functional cure, this paper intends to analyze several chronic hepatitis B cure strategies using cccDNA dynamics as a framework. Furthermore, there are currently few studies on the dynamics of the cccDNA field, hoping that this article can promote recognition and research in this field.

Tendência Temporal da Incidência das Hepatites Virais e AIDS Adquiridas por Contato Sexual no Estado de Santa Catarina / Temporal Trend of the Incidence of Viral Hepatitis and Aids Acquired by Sexual Contact in the State of Santa Catarina

Introdução: Este estudo tem o objetivo de estudar a tendência histórica e a distribuição das taxas de incidência das hepatites virais e Aids adquiridas por contato sexual no período de 2007-2017, no estado de Santa Catarina, com descrição do perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico dos indivíduos acometidos, análise da evolução temporal da ocorrência dessas infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e sua gravidade. Métodos: Pesquisa observacional do tipo ecológica, tendo como fonte de dados o Sistema de Agravos de Notificação ­ SINAN. Resultados: Evidenciou-se predomínio do sexo masculino, em torno de dois homens para cada mulher acometida por ambas as infecções no estado de Santa Catarina. A faixa etária predominante para a Aids foi a dos 35-49 anos, enquanto para as hepatites virais, a maior concentração foi entre os 25-39 anos. No entanto, a variação média anual assumiu novos perfis no período estudado: na Aids, os jovens de 15-19 anos apresentaram a maior taxa de crescimento anual (22,76%), enquanto nas hepatites virais, os idosos lideraram a tendência de crescimento, com aumento de 41,61% ao ano na faixa etária de 80 anos, e mais e de 14,53% entre os idosos de 65 a 79 anos. Em ambas as infecções, observou-se tendência de crescimento acelerado nas macrorregiões da Serra Catarinense e do Planalto Norte. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram a relevância do tema abordado e a necessidade de medidas de prevenção, visto que as hepatites virais e a Aids estão modificando o estigma e o estereótipo restrito do passado e ampliando o risco da doença.

Introduction: This study aims to study the historical trend and the distribution of the incidence rates of viral hepatitis and AIDS acquired by sexual contact in the period 2007-2017, in the state of Santa Catarina, with a description of the socio-demographic and epidemiological profile of affected individuals, analysis of the temporal evolution of the occurrence of these sexually transmitted infections and their severity. Method: observational research of the ecological type having as a data source the Notifiable Diseases Information System [Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN)]. Results: The results showed a predominance of males, about two men for every woman affected by both infections in the state of Santa Catarina. The predominant age range for AIDS was 35-49 years, while for viral hepatitis, the highest concentration was between 25-39 years. However, the average annual variation assumed new profiles in the period studied: in AIDS, 15-19 year-olds showed the highest annual growth rate (22.76%), while in viral hepatitis, the elderly led the growth trend, with an increase of 41.61% per year in the age group 80 years and older and of 14.53% among the 65-79 year-olds. In both infections, the study showed an accelerated growth trend in the macro-regions of the Santa Catarina Mountain Range and the North Plateau. Conclusion: The results indicated the relevance of the theme addressed and the need for preventive measures since viral hepatitis and AIDS are changing the stigma, the restricted stereotype of the past and increasing the risk of the disease.

Demographic and Clinical Profile Analysis of Acute Viral Hepatitis

Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh regarding morbidity as well as mortality. Usually, acute infections are caused by A, E, hepatitis viruses, and occasionally hepatitis B virus. Infection caused by the hepatitis C virus is usually asymptomatic. Prior knowledge of the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis may be helpful for treatment professionals in the management of such patients. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis patients in Bangladesh.Material & Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital during the period from March 2018 to February 2019, in Bangladesh. A total of 59 suspected patients with acute viral hepatitis were included as the study subjects for this study. Ethical approval of the study had been taken from the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. Collected data analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23.0 programs as per need. A P-value, of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Among 59 participants, the male-female ratio was 3.2:1 and the mean (±SD) age was 23.88±14.83 years. Analyzing hepatitis infection, we found hepatitis E was the highest in number 32(54.24%), followed by hepatitis E virus 20(33.9%), and hepatitis B virus 5(8.47%). In this study, we did not find any patients with hepatitis C virus, and 2 participants didn’t have any hepatotropic virus. The mean (±SD) Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) was 6.35±1.63, and the mean (±SD) serum alkaline phosphatase (IU/L), serum. creatinine (mg/dl), serum albumin (gm/dl) and plasma glucose random (mg/dl) were found 366.81±257.20, 6.97±14.96, 19.75±22.98 and 10.08±5.49 respectively. Considering dual viruses among the total of 5 patients along with hepatitis E & A viruses in this study, we found all were hepatitis B viruses. Among them, 3 with hepatitis E and the rest 2 were with hepatitis A virus consequently. Among them 3(60%) with hepatitis A and the rest 2(40%) with hepatitis E. In the issue of patients attended with clinical complaints, vomiting was the highest among hepatitis A patients 19(86.4%) followed by jaundice 8(36.4%) and fever8(36.4%). On the other hand, among hepatitis E patients’ jaundice was highest at 19(61.3%) followed by vomiting at 17(54.8%), and fever at 6(19.4%) respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of HEV is found as the most predominant among all the acute viral hepatitis patients and vomiting and jaundice were the most common presenting complaints.

Increasing hepatitis virus screening uptake at worksites in Japan using nudge theory and full subsidies

BACKGROUND@#Despite the importance of hepatitis screening for decreasing liver cancer mortality, screening rates remain low in Japan. Previous studies show that full subsidies increase screening uptake, but full subsidies are costly and difficult to implement in low-resource settings. Alternatively, applying nudge theory to the message design could increase screening at lower costs. This study examined the effects of both methods in increasing hepatitis virus screening rates at worksites.@*METHODS@#1496 employees from a Japanese transportation company received client reminders for an optional hepatitis virus screening before their general health checkups. Groups A and B received a client reminder designed based on the principles of "Easy" and "Attractive," while the control group received a client reminder not developed using nudge theory. Additionally, hepatitis virus screening was offered to the control group and group A for a co-payment of JPY 612, but was fully subsidized for group B. The hepatitis virus screening rates among the groups were compared using a Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction, and the risk ratios of group A and group B to the control group were also calculated. To adjust for unobservable heterogeneity per cluster, the regression analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models.@*RESULTS@#The screening rate was 21.2%, 37.1%, and 86.3% for the control group, group A, and group B, respectively. And the risk ratio for group A was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-2.12) and that of group B was 4.08 (95% CI 3.44-4.83). The parameters of group A and group B also were significant when estimated using generalized linear mixed models. However, the cost-effectiveness (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)) of the nudge-based reminder with the full subsidies was lower than that of only the nudge-based reminder.@*CONCLUSIONS@#While fully subsidized screening led to the highest hepatitis screening rates, modifying client reminders using nudge theory significantly increased hepatitis screening uptake at lower costs per person.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection among outdoor patients and indoor patients of tertiary care institute, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Background: Hepatitis virus infections have many serious consequences like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cancer. Serological test is thus necessary to identify hepatitis virus in the body. An observational study was conducted with an objective to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies by rapid card tests and to find the prevalence of co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses from January 2019 to June 2019.Methods: Blood samples were received from patients irrespective of age and sex, constituted the material for the present study. All samples were tested on hepacard and tri-dot card for the detection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus and results were interpreted as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Out of 3488 samples, 254 samples were positive for hepatitis virus infection. Out of these 254 samples positive for hepatitis viruses, 22 (0.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis B virus and 232 (6.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis C virus. Only 2 (0.7%) of these patients showed co-infection with both viruses.Conclusions: Male patients showed more positivity of hepatitis virus as compared to females. Patients were more from outpatient department (OPD) as compared to inpatient department (IPD). Hepatitis virus infection was found to be highest in the age group 21-40 and lowest in the age group above 80 years. Both the co-infected patients were males and from IPD.

Kewda (Pandanus odorifer) Flower Derived Phytochemicals against Salutaridine Reductase of Hepatitis Virus Causing Hepatitis A

Pandanus odorifer plant extract is traditionally used to cure Hepatitis A. It is caused by Hepatitis virus. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that 1, 2, 3-benzene triol can effectively deactivate the salutaridine reductaseenzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.

Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos en donantes de sangre de Boyacá, Colombia, 2014-2015 / Prevalence of serological markers in blood donors in Boyaca, Colombia, 2014-2015

Introducción: La infección que se ocasiona por la transfusión sanguínea se produce por una transmisión directa de un agente infeccioso desde una unidad de sangre al receptor susceptible. Esto constituyen una complicación de gran importancia en relación con la morbilidad y mortalidad de los receptores de sangre y un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos en donantes de sangre del departamento Boyacá y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en 32 957 donantes del departamento de Boyacá. La fuente de información fue secundaria. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de marcadores de infección y se compararon según sexo, grupo etario y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias: Chi cuadrado y Fisher. Resultados: La prevalencia de marcadores serológicos fue 1,15 por ciento en la tamización y 0,24 por ciento con las pruebas confirmatorias. El marcador más prevalente fue sífilis con 0,20 por ciento, seguido el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana 0,02 por ciento, virus de la hepatitis B 0,01 por ciento y virus de la hepatitis C 0,003 por ciento. La prevalencia del VIH y la prevalencia global de infección presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el sexo y con el grupo etario respectivamente. Conclusiones: La identificación de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos y las variables sociodemográficas permiten establecer un perfil epidemiológico en donantes de sangre del departamento de Boyacá(AU)

Introduction: The infection that is caused by blood transfusion is produced by a direct transmission of an infectious agent from a unit of blood to the sensitive recipient. This represents a complication of great importance in relation to morbidity and mortality of blood recipients and also a public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of serological markers in blood donors of Boyacá department and its relationship to socio-demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 32 957 donors of Boyacá department. The source of information was secondary. It was determined the seroprevalence of infection´s markers and those were compared according to sex, age group and type of donor through analysis of frequencies: Chi-square and Fisher. Results: The prevalence of serological markers was 1.15 percent in screening and 0.24 percent with the confirmatory tests. The most prevalent marker was syphilis with 0.20 percent, followed by HIV with 0.02 percent, hepatitis B with 0.01 percent and Hepatitis C virus with 0.003 percent. The prevalence of HIV and the infection´s overall prevalence presented statistically significant association with sex and with the age group respectively. Conclusions: The identification of the serological markers prevalence and socio-demographic variables allow setting an epidemiological profile in blood donors of Boyacá department(AU)

Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos en donantes de sangre de Boyacá, Colombia, 2014-2015 / Prevalence of serological markers in blood donors in Boyaca, Colombia, 2014-2015

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección que se ocasiona por la transfusión sanguínea se produce por una transmisión directa de un agente infeccioso desde una unidad de sangre al receptor susceptible. Esto constituyen una complicación de gran importancia en relación con la morbilidad y mortalidad de los receptores de sangre y un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos en donantes de sangre del departamento Boyacá y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en 32 957 donantes del departamento de Boyacá. La fuente de información fue secundaria. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de marcadores de infección y se compararon según sexo, grupo etario y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias: Chi cuadrado y Fisher. Resultados: La prevalencia de marcadores serológicos fue 1,15 % en la tamización y 0,24 % con las pruebas confirmatorias. El marcador más prevalente fue sífilis con 0,20 %, seguido el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana 0,02 %, virus de la hepatitis B 0,01 % y virus de la hepatitis C 0,003 %. La prevalencia del VIH y la prevalencia global de infección presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el sexo y con el grupo etario respectivamente. Conclusiones: La identificación de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos y las variables sociodemográficas permiten establecer un perfil epidemiológico en donantes de sangre del departamento de Boyacá.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The infection that is caused by blood transfusion is produced by a direct transmission of an infectious agent from a unit of blood to the sensitive recipient. This represents a complication of great importance in relation to morbidity and mortality of blood recipients and also a public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of serological markers in blood donors of Boyacá department and its relationship to socio-demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 32 957 donors of Boyacá department. The source of information was secondary. It was determined the seroprevalence of infection´s markers and those were compared according to sex, age group and type of donor through analysis of frequencies: Chi-square and Fisher. Results: The prevalence of serological markers was 1.15 % in screening and 0.24 % with the confirmatory tests. The most prevalent marker was syphilis with 0.20 %, followed by HIV with 0.02 %, hepatitis B with 0.01 % and Hepatitis C virus with 0.003 %. The prevalence of HIV and the infection´s overall prevalence presented statistically significant association with sex and with the age group respectively. Conclusions: The identification of the serological markers prevalence and socio-demographic variables allow setting an epidemiological profile in blood donors of Boyacá department.

Research status and development of digestive system microecology and pancreatic cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system, also known as "the king of cancer" . Its incidence is increasing year by year worldwide. At present, there is still a lack of effective screening methods for pancreatic cancer, and the early symptoms are not obvious. Most pancreatic cancer is diagnosed in the late stage, and the best time for surgery has been lost, and patients often have poor response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, so the prognosis is very poor. The occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer are closely related to genetic background, environmental factors, basic diseases and living habits. So far, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, alcohol, chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and family history, the cause of pancreatic cancer is still not very clear. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that in addition to the already recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer, there is a certain relationship between digestive microecological disorders and the progression of pancreatic cancer. The authors review the research status of digestive system microecology and pancreatic cancer, in order to understand the role of digestive system microecology disorders in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, thus providing a new way to effectively improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Research status and development of digestive system micro-ecology and pancreatic cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system,also known as "the king of cancer".Its incidence is increasing year by year worldwide.At present,there is still a lack of effective screening methods for pancreatic cancer,and the early symptoms are not obvious.Most pancreatic cancer is diagnosed in the late stage,and the best time for surgery has been lost,and patients often have poor response to radiotherapy,chemotherapy and targeted therapy,so the prognosis is very poor.The occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer are closely related to genetic background,environmental factors,basic diseases and living habits.So far,although certain risk factors have been identified,such as smoking,obesity,alcohol,chronic pancreatitis,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and family history,the cause of pancreatic cancer is still not very clear.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that in addition to the already recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer,there is a certain relationship between digestive microecological disorders and the progression of pancreatic cancer.The authors review the research status of digestive system microecology and pancreatic cancer,in order to understand the role of digestive system microecology disorders in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer,thus providing a new way to effectively improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis Viruses and Hepatitis B Genotypes of Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea

PURPOSE: The Korean society has moved rapidly toward becoming a multicultural society. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses and investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypic diversity in female marriage immigrants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Screening program was conducted at support centers for multicultural families in 21 administrative districts in Korea between July 2011 and January 2017. A total of 963 female marriage immigrants were included in this study. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis viral markers and HBV genotype. RESULTS: Subjects' median age was 33 years (20–40 years), and they originated from nine countries including Vietnam (n=422, 43.8%), China (n=311, 32.3%), the Philippines (n=85, 8.8%), Cambodia (n=58, 6.0%), and Japan (n=39, 4.0%). About 30% (n=288) of subjects required hepatitis A vaccination. HBsAg positive rate was 5.4% (n=52). Positive HBsAg results were the highest in subjects from Southeast Asia (6.6%, n=38). Anti-HBs positive rate was 60.4% (n=582). About 34% (n=329) of subjects who were negative for anti-HBs and HBsAg required HBV vaccinations. Genotypes B and C were found in 54.6% (n=12) and 45.4% (n=10) of the 22 subjects with HBV, in whom genotypes were tested. Eight (0.8%) subjects were positive for anti-HCV. Positive anti-HCV results were the highest in subjects from Central Asia (7.9%, n=3). CONCLUSION: Testing for hepatitis viral marker (hepatitis A virus IgG and HBsAg/anti-HBs) is needed for female marriage immigrants. Especially, HBV genotype B is different from genotype C of Koreans. Therefore, interest and attention to vaccination programs for female marriage immigrants are necessary for both clinicians and public health institutes.

Effects of transport and storage conditions on the nucleic acid detection for three kinds of mouse RNA viral samples / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of transport and storage conditions on the detection of pathogenic nucleic acid MHV, Reo-3, MNV in laboratory mouse cecal contents samples. Methods MHV, Reo-3 and MNV were mixed with mouse cecal contents and used as reference samples,respectively. They were placed in the lysis buffer of RNA extraction reagent(buffer AVL)or normal saline, and stored at 4℃ and room temperature(22℃-25℃). RNA of these samples was extracted at 1,2,3,7,and 14 days. Then the amount of nucleic acid in samples was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A greater decrease of the amount of nucleic acid was observed when the samples were placed in normal saline than that kept in buffer AVL. The amount of nucleic acid in samples stored at 4℃ was found to be higher than that stored at 25℃ room temperature. The amount of nucleic acid in the samples which were kept in buffer AVL at 4℃ for 3 days was higher than 50%,still detectable in the samples kept for 7 days,and undetectable at 14 days. Conclusions Mouse cecal content samples are preferably stored in the lysis buffer of RNA extraction reagent and transported at 4℃ for the detection of MHV, Reo-3, and MNV nucleic acid. It is better to complete the detection test within 3 days.

γδ T Cells Contribute to the Outcome of Murine Fulminant Viral Hepatitis via Effector Cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The mechanisms involved in virus-induced severe hepatitis have not been fully elucidated.In this study,we investigated the role of gamma delta T cell receptors (γδ) T cells in the pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3).The model of FVH was established by intraperitoneal injection of MHV-3 into Balb/cJ mice.The survival days of mice,and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were examined.The proportions ofγδ T cells in blood,spleen and liver,and cytokines secreted by hepatic γδ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The function of hepatic γδ T cells was examined by cytotoxicity assay.Balb/cJ mice died in 3 to 6 days post MHV-3 infection,with severe hepatic necrosis and significant augmentation of serum ALT and AST levels.The proportions of γδ T ceils in blood,spleen and liver were significantly increased post MHV-3 infection,while those of the early activating molecule CD69-expressing γδ T cells and productions of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased remarkably in the liver.These highly activated liver γδ T cells were cytotoxic to MHV-3-infected hepatocytes in vitro and this effect of liver γδ T cells against hepatocytes might involve the TNF-α and IFN-γ pathway.These results demonstrated that γδ T cells might contribute to the pathogenesis ofMHV-3-induced FVH through the effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ.

γδ T Cells Contribute to the Outcome of Murine Fulminant Viral Hepatitis via Effector Cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The mechanisms involved in virus-induced severe hepatitis have not been fully elucidated.In this study,we investigated the role of gamma delta T cell receptors (γδ) T cells in the pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3).The model of FVH was established by intraperitoneal injection of MHV-3 into Balb/cJ mice.The survival days of mice,and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were examined.The proportions ofγδ T cells in blood,spleen and liver,and cytokines secreted by hepatic γδ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The function of hepatic γδ T cells was examined by cytotoxicity assay.Balb/cJ mice died in 3 to 6 days post MHV-3 infection,with severe hepatic necrosis and significant augmentation of serum ALT and AST levels.The proportions of γδ T ceils in blood,spleen and liver were significantly increased post MHV-3 infection,while those of the early activating molecule CD69-expressing γδ T cells and productions of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased remarkably in the liver.These highly activated liver γδ T cells were cytotoxic to MHV-3-infected hepatocytes in vitro and this effect of liver γδ T cells against hepatocytes might involve the TNF-α and IFN-γ pathway.These results demonstrated that γδ T cells might contribute to the pathogenesis ofMHV-3-induced FVH through the effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ.

Expression significance of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 2 in patients with hepatitis B related HCC / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the significance of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 2 (cIAP2) expression in the patients with hepatitis B and non-hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The medical record data and tissue samples in the patients with HCC resection operation were collected.Expression of cIAP2 in HCC cancer lesion,adjacent tissues and cancer-distant tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.Results In the cancer lesion,paracancerous tissues and cancer-distant tissues of the two groups,the cIAP2 expression amount was decreased in turn.But in the non-hepatitis B related HCC group,the cIAP2 expression in the cancer-distant tissues was significantly lower than that in the HCC cancer lesion and paracancerous tissues,while in the hepatitis B related HCC group,the cIAP2 expression amounts had no significant difference between the caner-distant tissues and paracancerous tissues,while lower than that in the cancer lesion.Conclusion cIAP2 is one of important mechanisms causing hepatic B related HCC and can serve as a therapeutic target point for inhibiting HCC development and eliminating hepatitis B virus.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of woodchuck retinoic acid-inducible gene I / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Cytosolic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important innate immune RNA sensor and can induce antiviral cytokines, e.g., interferon-β (IFN-β). Innate immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in viral clearance and persistence. However, knowledge of the role that RIG-I plays in HBV infection is limited. The woodchuck is a valuable model for studying HBV infection. To characterize the molecular basis of woodchuck RIG-I (wRIG-I), we analyzed the complete coding sequences (CDSs) of wRIG-I, containing 2778 base pairs that encode 925 amino acids. The deduced wRIG-I protein was 106.847 kD with a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 6.07, and contained three important functional structures [caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), DExD/H-box helicases, and a repressor domain (RD)]. In woodchuck fibroblastoma cell line (WH12/6), wRIG-I-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) down-regulated RIG-I and its downstrean effector-IFN-β transcripts under RIG-I' ligand, 5'-ppp double stranded RNA (dsRNA) stimulation. We also measured mRNA levels of wRIG-I in different tissues from healthy woodchucks and in the livers from woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks. The basal expression levels of wRIG-I were abundant in the kidney and liver. Importantly, wRIG-I was significantly up-regulated in acutely infected woodchuck livers, suggesting that RIG-I might be involved in WHV infection. These results may characterize RIG-I in the woodchuck model, providing a strong basis for further study on RIG-I-mediated innate immunity in HBV infection.

Antiviral therapy before combined microwave ablation and chemoembolization for patients with he-patocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hepatitis virus B ( HBV) reactivation af-ter combined percutaneous microwave ablation ( PMWA ) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and to study the therapeutic role of preoperative antiviral therapy .Methods The data on 180 HCC patients who were treated with the combined therapy were analyzed .The antivirus group ( n=90 ) received antiviral therapy , while the control group ( n=90 ) did not.HBV-DNA was used to study the reactivation status of HBV after the combined therapy and the role of antiviral therapy .Results The incidence of HBV reactivation was significantly lower in the antivirus group (8.2%, 7/90) than the control group (20.0%, 18/90, P<0.05).A preoperative HBV-DNA level above 104 copies/ml was the only independent risk factor of HBV reactivation (P<0.05).Conclusions The HBV reactivation rate was relatively high in patients with HBV-related HCC after combined PMWA and TACE.Preoperative antiviral therapy significantly reduced HBV reactivation and thus it should be adminis -trated especially to HCC patients with a preoperative HBV-DNA level above 104 copies/ml.

Correlation analysis of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and hepatitis virus / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To differentiate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among different indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) subtypes. The correlation between indolent B-NHL and hepatitis viral infection was also investi-gated. Methods:A total of 733 indolent B-NHL patients from January 1994 to January 2014 with integrated clinical information were retrospectively investigated. We compared the hepatitis viral infection between the general population and indolent B-NHL patients. We analyzed the infection rate of hepatitis virus in the different indolent B-NHL subtypes and examined their correlations. Results:The HBs-Ag positive rate of the indolent B-NHL was 7.9%, which was not significantly different with that of the general population (7.9%vs. 7.2%, P=0.548). Among the different indolent B-NHL subtypes, the 48 splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) patients exhibited the highest HBs-Ag positive rate, which was significantly higher than those of the general population (18.8%vs. 7.2%, P=0.002), other indo-lent B-NHL subtypes (18.8%vs. 7.2%, P=0.004), and other marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) patients (18.8%vs. 7.1%, P=0.005). The HBs-Ag positive rates between other B-NHL subtypes and the general population were not significantly different. The coexpression of HBs-Ag, HBe-Ag, and anti-HBc-Ab exhibited no significant difference among the various B-NHL subtypes. However, the co-expres-sion of HBs-Ag, HBe-Ab, and anti-HBc-Ab was significantly higher in the SMZL group than the other B-NHL subtypes (16.7%vs. 4.7%, P<0.001).The positive rate of the anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) was 1.9%in 733 indolent B-NHL patients, which was significant-ly higher than in the general population (1.9%vs. 0.4%, P<0.001). The HCV-Ab positive rates in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lym-phoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia, SMZL, hairy cell leukemia, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma group were 2.2%, 2.5%, 4.2%, 3%, and 3.7%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of the general population. Preva-lence rates of HCV in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, unclassified, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associat-ed tissue lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and follicular lymphoma groups were not significantly different compared with the general population. Conclusion:Prevalence rate of HBV was higher in the SMZL group than other indolent B-NHL groups, which suggests that HBV infection may play an etiologic role in SMZL.

Development and application of a real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for detection of duck hepatitis virus type 1 / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To develop a real-time RT-PCR assay ( rRT-PCR) for efficient detection of duck hepatitis virus type 1 ( DHV-I) .Method According to the different gene sequences of DHV-I from different provinces download from NCBI and to find the conserved sequences.One pair of the specific primers and one TaqMan probe were designed. Then reaction parameters were optimized to develop a real-time RT-PCR assay ( rRT-PCR) .Results This developed rRT-PCR assay could detect 20 template copies of RNA, and its sensitivity was higher than that of the conventional RT-PCR. This rRT-PCR assay was found to be specific and able to detect DHV-I, and no positive results were observed when nucleic acid from Muscovy duck parvovirus, goose parvovims, Newcastle disease and avian influenza virus, egg drop syndrome virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, duck Tembusu virus, poultry intestinal arc virus were used as rRT-PCR templates.The results of this developed rRT-PCR assay used for 100 duck clinical samples showed a positive rate of 92%, indicating that DHV exists in duck group of Jiangsu province in China.Conclusion This rRT-PCR assay can be used as a rapid tool for detection of DHV-I.

Hepatites Virais: passado, presente e futuro / Viral Hepatitis: past, present and future

A disseminação das hepatites virais é consequência de amplas e marcantes mudanças que ocorreram nas últimas três décadas do século XX, especialmente na sociedade ocidental. A emergência das hepatites virais resultou em significativa redução da qualidade de vida e sobrevida entre aqueles que contraíram a infecção. O impac¬to das hepatites virais varia de acordo com os diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico das populações e de fatores emer¬gentes na sua transmissão. Por fim, importantes avanços científicos e sociais foram otbtidos, mas ainda insuficientes para o controle dessas infecções. A epidemiologia das hepatites virais no Século XXI reflete tanto o impacto positivo de medidas de prevenção como o impacto negativo de padrões de transmissão históricos e emergen¬tes. As hepatites virais são doenças de dois mundos: um, no qual as novas infecções restringem-se a padrões emergentes de transmissão e o tratamento é acessível; outro, no qual tanto padrões históricos como emergentes de transmissão possibilitam novas infecções e o tratamento é pouco acessível

The spread of viral hepatitis is the result of extensive and remarkable social changes that occurred in the last three decades of the twentieth century, especially in Western society. The emergence of viral hepatitis resulted in a significant reduction in quality of life and survival among those who contracted the infection. The impact of viral hepatitis varies with the different levels of socioeconomic development of populations and emerging factors in its transmission. Finally, important scientific and social advances have been achieved, but still insufficient to control these infections. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the XXI century reflects both the positive impact of preventive measures and the negative impact of historical and transmission emerging patterns. Viral hepatitis is a disease of two worlds, one where new infections are restricted to emerging patterns of transmission and treatment is available, another where both historical patterns and emerging new infections allow transmission and access to treatment is restricted