Management of Pre-Operative Anxiety Through Ayurveda Drug- Case Series

Anxiety can be defined as unpleasant subjective sense due to dread over something unlikely to happen, such as standing at the point of death. It is mostly accompanied by physical symptoms i.e. restlessness, fatigue, problems in concentration, and muscular tension. So, in nutshell, Perioperative anxiety is vague, uneasy feeling, the source of which is often nonspecific and unknown to the individual but known to cause abnormal hemodynamics as a consequence of sympathetic, parasympathetic and endocrine stimulation. Thus causes more difficultly in general management during operative and postoperative period. This case series is comprised of three case of pre-operative anxiety which was posted for planned ano-rectal surgeries. At the time of hospital admission, level of anxiety was quite normal in all the patients, but by lapsing time and operative period come nearer they were feeling moderate to high level of anxiety due to various individual triggering reasons. For its management, Bramhyadi tablet (500 mg) was given in 2 doses- A night before OT, at morning on day of OT along with counselling. Here, preoperative anxiety was assessed by The Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale, Hamilton anxiety rating, vital parameters and overall interview with patient in 5 phases: 1- At time of admission, 2- A night before OT, 3- At morning on day of OT, 4-1 hour after OT, 5-24 Hour after OT. Mental calmness, reduction in associated physical symptoms and stability in vital parameter were suggested positive influence of Bramhyadi tablet and counselling

The protective effects and mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma extracts against senecionine-induced acute liver injury in mice / 药学学报

Drug-induced liver injury and herbal preparations containing pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) have gained global attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Alismatis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine, to protect against acute liver injury in mice induced by senecionine (SEN), a representative toxic PA compound. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Acute liver injury was induced by a single intragastric administration of SEN (50 mg·kg-1). Mice in the protection groups received intragastric administration of Alismatis Rhizoma water extract (WE, 18 g·kg-1 per day) or ethanol extract (EE, 18 g·kg-1 per day) 5 days before SEN treatment. The results show that Alismatis Rhizoma extracts can significantly attenuate acute liver injury in mice. Mice in the protection groups showed decreased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as decreased total bile acids. In addition, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, sinusoidal hemorrhage, and hepatic necrosis in SEN-treatment mice was clearly attenuated in the protection groups. Interestingly, EE showed a better effect than WE. The content of principal bile acids in serum and the mRNA and protein expression of key factors related to bile acid metabolism were also measured. Alismatis Rhizoma up-regulated the bile acid transporters and drug metabolism enzymes, consistent with the observed bile acid homeostasis and alleviation of SEN-induced injury to hepatocytes. The present study points to the possibility of utilizing Alismatis Rhizoma for protection against liver injury caused by drugs and preparations containing PA.

Therapeutic Applications Of Areca Catechu (betel Nut Tree)

Areca catechu, commonly known as betel nut tree belongs to the family Arecacea. Itgrows in much of the tropical Pacific, Africa and parts of East Asia. It has some beneficial partslike husk, leaves, nuts and sheath which can be used for different purpose. It contains alkaloidsand tannins that have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory andantioxidant activities. The plant contains phytochemicals and phenols that have potentialbioactivity against diseases in humans. Traditional use of the plant for medicinal applicationshas to be documented for their possible use as future medicines or drugs. The nuts and leavesof the plant have also proved to be effective in the removal of heavy metals and inbioremediation. In this article, the medical applications of the areca plant as an herbal drugand its therapeutics application have been elaborated.

Antibiotic-potentiation Activities of Cameroonian Medicinal Plants against Multidrug-resistant Phenotype Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates

Background: Helicobacter pylori are the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease and an etiologic agent in the development of gastric cancer. The emergence of multi-drug resistant phenotypes is a major public health problem today in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-Helicobacter activities of six Cameroonian medicinal plants on ten Helicobacter pylori clinical isolate from dyspeptic patients and their ability to potentiate the effect of common antibiotics against multidrug-resistance phenotypes Helicobacter pylori. Methodology: Broth microdilution assay was used for the antimicrobial evaluation of plant-extracts alone or in combination with antibiotics, while Time-kill assay was used to study the bactericidal activity. Results: Plant-extracts showed different anti-Helicobacter activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varying from 64 to >1024 µg/ml. The methanol extract of E. cocaine leaves showed the best anti-Helicobacter activity with MIC value of 64 µg/ml against 60% of the tested isolate. Moreover, E. cocaine extract at a concentration equal to 8MIC, produced from 24 to 72 h a viability decrease of 2 logs lower than those for the control against the tested clinical isolates. Synergistic concentration dependent effects were observed when combining this plant extract with erythromycin, or amoxicillin against Helicobacter pylori multi-drug resistant phenotypes with minimum fold inhibition of 16 and eight respectively for erythromycin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: The overall results provide information for the possible use of E. cocaine extract in the control of Helicobacter pylori infections involving multi-drug resistant phenotypes.

Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species

ABSTRACT Mikania belongs to the Asteraceae family and includes a wide range of promising pharmacological activities. Several species of Mikania, which is popularly known in Brazil as “guaco”, occur in Southern Brazil and their external morphology is similar. The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaf and stem of Mikania campanulata, Mikania cordifolia, Mikania glomerata, Mikania hastato-cordata, Mikania microptera and Mikania sessilifolia as a means of providing additional support for differentiating these taxa. The leaves and stems were investigated by employing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy techniques. The morphological features of Mikania spp. leaves make it possible to differentiate between the species; nevertheless, when the plants were fragmented or pulverized the anatomical features of the leaves and stems supplied additional helpful data in this regard. The main anatomical characteristics were presence of hypodermis and lens shaped epidermal cells, set of trichomes; midrib, petiole and stem shape and vascular pattern; sclerenchymatous ring in the cortex, sclerenchymatous cells and secretory ducts in the pith.

Effect of herb-drug interactions of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Brahmi) formulation on the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rats

ABSTRACT Interactions between herbs and drugs may increase or decrease the pharmacological or toxicological effects of either component. Experimental data on the pharmacokinetic interactions between herbal products and drugs are limited. This study attempted to investigate the effect of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Brahmi) formulation on the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rats. In this study, rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each) which were served as a control (amitriptyline alone) and treatment group (amitriptyline with B. monnieri), respectively. Rats in the treatment group received B. monnieri (31 mg/kg/day) whereas the control group received normal saline by oral gavage for seven days before a single intragastric administration of 25 mg/kg amitriptyline. Plasma concentrations of amitriptyline were measured up to 24 h after its administration by a developed and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Pretreatment with B. monnieri produced a significant increase in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC0-t) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of amitriptyline by 16.8%, 26.5%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared to amitriptyline alone. Moreover, oral clearance and volume of distribution (Vss) were decreased by 26.2% and 15.5% respectively. This study concluded that B.monnieri significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of amitriptyline in rats.

The establishment and application of safety evaluation and key technology research system for modem Chinese herbal drug / 中国比较医学杂志

The adverse reactions caused by traditional Chinese medicine have occurred frequently, but there is a lack of scientific,objective and standardized methods for safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.In the process of preclinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, it is imperative to form a set of scientific, standardized and feasible evaluation system of modem Chinese herbal drug.We established the preclinical safety evaluation system of modem Chinese herbal drug including the quality control system of samples for the preclinical safety evaluation, the toxicity evaluation system of modem Chinese herbal drug and its preparation and the evaluation management system, and standardized each research link of preclinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.Whether from protecting patients' health and increasing the safety of clinical medication, or from enriching and improving traditional Chinese medicine science, developing traditional Chinese medicine and promoting mutual connection of traditional Chinese medicine and international medicine, it has important instructional significance and application value.

The effect of Korean traditional alternative medicine products on thyroid function level in post-total thyroidectomy patients: A pilot study

PURPOSE: Although many Koreans consume traditional alternative remedial products to alleviate symptoms of fatigue, there have been no studies on their effect on thyroid function levels in thyroidectomized patients on levothyroxine replacement. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Korean traditional alternative remedies on thyroid function levels in post total thyroidectomy patients.METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from a single tertiary referral center was performed on patients who received total thyroidectomy from 2010 to 2015 and became euthyroid postoperatively. Gender, age, body mass index, preoperative thyroid function test results, interval to first hypothyroidism occurrence, recurrence of hypothyroidism, number and types of alternative remedy were evaluated.RESULTS: Postoperative hypothyroidism occurred among 174 out of 917 patients (18.9%) and 100 (57.5%) of them had a history of alternative medication usage. The first episode of hypothyroidism occurred at median of 38.5 months after operation in the 100 patients. Six of the 100 patients received an increased dosage of levothyroxine due to severe hypothyroidism but the rest received the same dose and were requested not to consume alternative products. All patients recovered to euthyroid status afterwards. Thirty-three patients subsequently experienced recurrence even after being restricted from consuming alternative remedial products. Apart from thyroiditis on pathology reports (P=0.001), there were no variables significantly related to the recurrent hypothyroidism.CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated the possible role of consumption patterns of traditional alternative remedial products in thyroidectomized patients under hormone supplement in restoring euthyroid status without levothyroxine increase.

Research progress of the exosomes as drug delivery vehicles of Chinese herbal drugs / 药学学报

As a new carrier of intercellular information, the exosomes is widely regarded as a natural drug carrier for its extensive distribution, non-immunity and targeting in human body. Chinese herbal drugs act at multiple targets and through different pathways in the prevention and treatment of diseases, but the preparation is relatively simple, there is a low solubility in the effective ingredients and low bioavailability, which limit the efficacy of the medicine. Using the new drug delivery approach of the exosomes, it is better to deliver the effective components to target cells. In this review, we reviewed the biological characteristics of exosomes and its application as a carrier of Chinese herbal drugs.

Physicochemical and elemental studies of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb.for standardization as herbal drug

Objective:To explore the leaves of Hydrocotylejavanica Thunb.as a source of safe and effective antibacterial herbal medicine.Methods:The standardization was validated by stepwise physicochemical studies,element analysis,determination of ash values,fluorescence analysis,assessment of moisture content,extractive values in different solvent systems and extraction methods.Heavy metal contents,mineral and element contents were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry,inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and CHNS/O analyser,respectively.Results:The methanol extract of the folklore medicinal plant having antibacterial efficacy contained flavonoids and phenolic OH groups.The ICP multi standard indicated the presence of three major compounds with molecular mass of 161 190 and 221 Da.Heavy metals viz.lead,mercury and copper content were 4.38 ppm,＜ 0.05 ppm and 24.70 ppm,respectively.Minerals content of calcium,phosphorus,potassium and iron were 1 190.94 mg/100 g,375.57 mg/100 g,2820 mg/100 g and 340.20 mg/100 g of plant sample,respectively.Elements like carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen and sulphur contents were 38.18％,5.67％,2.23％ and 0.51％,respectively.Heavy metal profile of the tested plant was within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities.Conclusions:Hence the present physicochemical and elements studies reveals that the plant Hydrocotylejavanica Thunb.could be a potent source of herbal preparation as well as a safe and novel synthetic antibacterial drug.

Physicochemical and elemental studies of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. for standardization as herbal drug

Objective To explore the leaves of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. as a source of safe and effective antibacterial herbal medicine. Methods The standardization was validated by stepwise physicochemical studies, element analysis, determination of ash values, fluorescence analysis, assessment of moisture content, extractive values in different solvent systems and extraction methods. Heavy metal contents, mineral and element contents were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and CHNS/O analyser, respectively. Results The methanol extract of the folklore medicinal plant having antibacterial efficacy contained flavonoids and phenolic OH groups. The ICP multi standard indicated the presence of three major compounds with molecular mass of 161 190 and 221 Da. Heavy metals viz. lead, mercury and copper content were 4.38 ppm, < 0.05 ppm and 24.70 ppm, respectively. Minerals content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron were 1 190.94 mg/100 g, 375.57 mg/100 g, 2 820 mg/100 g and 340.20 mg/100 g of plant sample, respectively. Elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur contents were 38.18%, 5.67%, 2.23% and 0.51%, respectively. Heavy metal profile of the tested plant was within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities. Conclusions Hence the present physicochemical and elements studies reveals that the plant Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. could be a potent source of herbal preparation as well as a safe and novel synthetic antibacterial drug.

Thirty years of research on toxicant metabolism and toxicokinetics in China / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Toxicant metabolism and toxicokinetics are an integrated part of toxicology. They study the absorption,targeted distribution,metabolic detoxicification or bioactivation,excretion and elimination of toxic substances after the body′s exposure via different routes,and also evaluate the effects of various factors on the disposition of poisons. The results of the studies provide essential data on the relation?ships between exposure kinetics and toxicological effect and their mechanisms. They also help to find possible targets of intoxication or detoxicification pathways,which can lead to efficient countermea?sures. In this review,the author summarized the thirty years of progress and features of the research on toxicant metabolism and toxicokinetics in China.

Analysis on current status of assessment on herbal medicinal products in EU and its enlightenment / 中草药

It is of great importance to bring proprietary Chinese medicines to EU as its herbal medicinal product is world-leading, yet the current status for registrations from China is full of challenges. The routes for registration of herbal medicinal products are introduced at first and then the current registration status on the overall assessment of the products, the characteristics of combinations, the utilization of EU monograph and main indications are analyzed. Suggestions on registering proprietary Chinese medicines are made in the end.

Insight into recently issued community herbal monograph on Ginkgo biloba L., folium and its impact on registration strategy of Ginkgo Folium products in EU / 中草药

In January, 2014, European Medicines Agency (EMEA) issued a draft for community herbal monograph on Ginkgo biloba L., folium. That means the community herbal monograph on Ginkgo biloba L., folium has been settled finally. This assay introduces the new Ginkgo monograph briefly, describes the two registering methods and requirements for herbal medicines in EU, and reads the new monograph in more detail. By analyzing the impact of the new monograph on Ginkgo Folium products, this monograph will offer a very important reference and basis for the herbal registration application of Ginkgo Folium products in EU.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Herbal Drugs: Implication for Human Health-A Review.

Interest in the use of medicinal plants in treatment of diseases in Africa has increased tremendously over the past decade. Ingestion of contaminated medicinal plants and herbal medicinal products is regarded as potential source of heavy metal toxicity to both man and animals. Heavy metals are often not well defined in medicine, but include all toxic metals. They are released into the environment by both natural and a variety of anthropogenic sources. The presence of heavy metals in plant tissues is primarily dependent upon their availability and concentration in the soil. They can also be deposited directly on plant surfaces from the atmosphere. Heavy metals are persistent in nature due to their long biological half-life. The major heavy metals of health concern are arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. They are the redox inactive metals and show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione - an antioxidant. In order to ensure quality and safety of herbal drugs, cultivation and collection of medicinal plants in the immediate vicinity of industrial sites which utilize these metals and their compounds, and sites where these metals have been improperly disposed is highly discouraged; because plants from these areas are prone to high concentration of heavy metals, hence, increases human risk of contamination when taken. In addition screening of plant extracts, herbal medicinal products and medicinal plants at large, for heavy metal contamination is of highly medical importance and must be given maximum attention in phytotherapy.

In vivo Antioxidant Activity and Anti Hyperglycemic Relevant Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Petroleum Ether Extract of Traditionaly Processed Ocimum canum Leaves.

Objective: To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of the petroleum ether extract of Ocimum canum leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Place and Duration of Study: Pinacle Biomedical Research institute (PBRI), Bhopal april 2013-december 2013. Methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight). Three days after STZ induction, diabetic rats received Ocimum extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 28days. Glibenclamide (600 μgm/kg) served as reference. Blood glucose levels were measured on every 7th day during 28 days. Serum biochemical parameters such as low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), atherogenic index and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated. Antioxidant enzymes like (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), serum thiobarbituric (TBAR) were measured in the diabetic rats. Therefore, Ocimum canum demonstrated remarkable antidiabetic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. The potential antidiabetic action is possible due to its modulation of endogenous antioxidant status. Results: Administration of the extracts for 28 days caused a significant (P <0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The extracts also improved other altered biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. Furthermore, the extracts have favorable effects on the histopathological changes of the pancreas, in STZ induced diabetic rats. The extracts also showed significant (P <0.05) antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Ocimum canum possesses antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties as well as improves lipid profile.

Standardization of Andrographis paniculata, Mitracarpus scaber and Nauclea latifolia Herbal Preparations as per European and Nigerian Drug Regulations.

Background: Herbal drug standardization (HDS) is multidisciplinary with botany and chemistry working together to facilitate decisions on production of herbal medicines. The common reasons for HDS are: i) it creates the need for establishing botanical identity; ii) it is necessary for establishing dosage and iii) it facilitates industrial production and good manufacturing practice (GMP). Aims: To outline the strategies being used to standardize Conavir, Niprd-AM1 and Niprifan and to show that HDS is the ideal strategy for herbal drug development (HDD) from traditional medicines (TMs). Methodology: Relevant data on: i) the regulatory requirements of Europe’s Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) and Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and ii) on Andrographis paniculata (AP), Mitracarpus scaber (MS) and Nauclea latifolia (NL) were reviewed. Crude herbal drugs (CHDs) from aerial parts each of AP and MS and from roots of NL and the active crude extracts (ACEs) derived from them were studied using standard botanical, phytochemical and physicochemical techniques with the aim of standardizing them for production. The ACEs from AP (Conavir) and from NL (Niprd-AM1) were dry water extracts. The ACE from MS (Niprifan) was a dry ethylacetate extract. Results: The regulatory provisions of NAFDAC for herbal preparations were broadly similar to those of EMEA but the latter proved more explicit in many respects. Furthermore, the results on the CHDs and ACEs adequately meet the requirements of the two agencies. Conclusions: The results here provided and those reported elsewhere collectively furnish the data needed for drawing-up the registration dossiers of AP/Conavir, NL/Niprd- AM1 and MS/Niprifan as per EMEA and NAFDAC requirements. But for purposes of further work, it is needful for the GC-MS studies to be amplified and combined with others, so as to facilitate identification of suitable markers and pave the way for studies requiring bioassays.

Herbal medicines: old and new concepts, truths and misunderstandings

Men have been using herbal medicines for thousands of years. The advantages of this type of therapeutics include good availability, local cultural aspects, individual preferences, the increasing demand for natural and organic products, and the already validated synergistic effects of herbal medicines. However, ethically, the scope and limits of these drugs need to be established not only by ethnopharmacological evidences but also by scientific investigations, which confirm the therapeutic effects. With this study, we propose to discuss the possible advantages of using herbal medicines instead of purified compounds, the truth and myths about herbal medicines, drug discovery, and the implications for medical education and health care.

Chemical and technological evaluation of the Phyllanthus niruri aerial parts as a function of cultivation and harvesting conditions

Tea from Phyllanthus niruri L., Phyllanthaceae, aerial parts is commonly used by Brazilian folk medicine for its benefits on the treatment of genitourinary disorders, for what the polyphenolic compounds are mainly responsible. The yield of such compounds may be influenced by several variables related with the plant growth. The effects of planting periods and harvesting conditions are investigated in this work, including four different seasons. The cultivation was characterized by dry mass yield of aerial parts, and the effect of pruning was analyzed. Leaves, stems and their mixtures were analyzed after drying and milling. Loss on drying and water soluble extractives were used as physical parameters for quality control. Flavonoid content and gallic acid were chosen as chemical markers for this work. The spectrophotometric trial based on the aluminum chloride complexes was applied to evaluate the total flavonoids content. Gallic acid contents were measured from the water extractive solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pruning caused a positive influence on the amount of leaves and stems. The highest flavonoids and gallic acid contents were found in the leaves, which were developed over the summer and the winter, respectively, both from the second harvesting (after pruning). Chomatographic profile by HPLC was characterizes by the presence of gallic acid and two other major peaks (not identified substances), which relation was peculiar to each aerial part. In conclusion, these results suggest that even under less favorable climatic conditions, in winter, the pruning seems to cause a strong influence over the P. niruri polyphenolics production. Indeed, the total flavonoids content, as well as the HPLC profile, can be used as indicative parameters of the ratio of leaves and stem in the vegetal raw material.

Hepatoprotective activity of multicomponent herbal drug “adapton 6” / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction: A number of risk factors predispose an individual to hepatic drug Thus, there is need to develop a effective hepatoprotective formulation which could reduces of such liver complications caused due to hepatotoxic agents etc. The present work was focused on the investigation of hepatoprotective activity of various herbal formulations “Adapton 6” containing aqueous as well as hepatoprotective crude drugs. The herbal drug ingredients of Astragalus membranaceae (Астрагала перепончатого), Rhaponticum cartamoides (левзеи), Rheum palmatum L (ревеня), Rosa cinnamomea (плоды шиповника), Crataegus sanguine Pall (боярышника) and Hippophae rhamnoides L (облепихи) Purpose: The present study aims to examine the effects of Hepatoprotective activity of multicomponent herbal drug “Adapton 6”Materials and Methods: The hepatoprotective effect was studied further in rats, using carbon tetrachloride (CC!4)-induced hepatotoxicity as in vivo model. The Hepatoprotective activity of “Adapton 6” were evaluated and compared statistically after inducing hepatotoxicity in rats by intraperitonally administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) with olive oil 50% as a diluent in 3 times 1 day. The liver damage was confirmed by estimation of elevated levels of cytoplasmic enzymes Serum Glutamate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), serum bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxides, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Result: On intraperiteonally administration of CCl4 in dose of 100 mg/kg produced acute hepatic damage in positive control (carbon tetrachloride treated) when compared with normal control. In treats groups, formulations “Adapton 6” were administered simultaneously with CCl4. Estimated levels of enzymes SGOT, SGPT, SALP and bilirubin in test groups were compared with levels of enzymes in normal, control groups. These show hepatoprotection effect but other due to antioxidant effects like exist of malondi-aldehide and catalase (CAT) activities.Conclusion: On conclusion, the prepared multicomponent herbal drug “Adapton 6” has demonstrated a very good hepatoprotection against the CCl 4 induced liver damage.