ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA). Current treatment options for PCOS are either with adverse effects or ineffective. Saptasaram kashayam (SK), an ayurvedic formulation is often been a safe traditional alternative medicine to improve the PCOS symptoms as well as its pathological development. However, its principle phytoconstituents or underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In order to achieve this, the current study systematically utilized computational tools, network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking studies. All identified phytoconstituents of SK were screened by QikProp ADME prediction and 47 were selected based on oral bioavailability and drug likeliness scores. Their 3D structures were submitted to three online target fishing webservers PharmMapper, ChemMapper and Swiss Target Prediction which produced 1084 biological targets for SK comprehensively. 350 known PCOS therapeutic targets were retreived as common targets from three different interrogative disease centric bioinformatic platforms DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards. Intersection of 1084 biological targets of SK and 350 PCOS therapeutic targets produced, 88 potential therapeutic targets of SK against PCOS. STRING PPI and Compound-Target-Pathway networks were constructed and analysed using Cytoscape software. GO & KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. 15 PCOS therapeutic target proteins were short listed from network analysis report- PIK3CA, PDPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, AR, ESR1, ESR2, SHGB, NOS3, F2 & CREBBP. Targets that were likely to be inhibited/modulated by SK for treatment of PCOS were docked against the screened phytoconstituents and their respective standard inhibitors using GLIDE-SP of Schrodinger suite, Maestro version- 13.0. Results showed that Quercetin, Catechin, Boeravinone J, Genistein, Protocatechuic Acid, Gentisic Acid, Xanthoarnol, Luteolin, Boeravinone F, Tyrosine, Kaempferol, Dalbergioidin, etc exhibited good binding affinities when compared to standard drugs and might be responsible for synergistic/additive protective effect of SK against PCOS. Meanwhile PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Prolactin signaling pathway, AGE-RAG diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway were found to be involving the hub genes of interest and in this way, they might be intervened during treatment of PCOS by SK. Present study succeeded in identifying the drug like principle phytoconstituents, probable PCOS therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanism of SK apart from providing reliable evidence for therapeutic potential of SK against PCOS. However further validation by in vitro and in vivo investigations is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA). Current treatment options for PCOS are either with adverse effects or ineffective. Saptasaram kashayam (SK), an ayurvedic formulation is often been a safe traditional alternative medicine to improve the PCOS symptoms as well as its pathological development. However, its principle phytoconstituents or underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In order to achieve this, the current study systematically utilized computational tools, network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking studies. All identified phytoconstituents of SK were screened by QikProp ADME prediction and 47 were selected based on oral bioavailability and drug likeliness scores. Their 3D structures were submitted to three online target fishing webservers PharmMapper, ChemMapper and Swiss Target Prediction which produced 1084 biological targets for SK comprehensively. 350 known PCOS therapeutic targets were retreived as common targets from three different interrogative disease centric bioinformatic platforms DisGeNET, OMIM and GeneCards. Intersection of 1084 biological targets of SK and 350 PCOS therapeutic targets produced, 88 potential therapeutic targets of SK against PCOS. STRING PPI and Compound-Target-Pathway networks were constructed and analysed using Cytoscape software. GO & KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. 15 PCOS therapeutic target proteins were short listed from network analysis report- PIK3CA, PDPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, AR, ESR1, ESR2, SHGB, NOS3, F2 & CREBBP. Targets that were likely to be inhibited/modulated by SK for treatment of PCOS were docked against the screened phytoconstituents and their respective standard inhibitors using GLIDE-SP of Schrodinger suite, Maestro version- 13.0. Results showed that Quercetin, Catechin, Boeravinone J, Genistein, Protocatechuic Acid, Gentisic Acid, Xanthoarnol, Luteolin, Boeravinone F, Tyrosine, Kaempferol, Dalbergioidin, etc exhibited good binding affinities when compared to standard drugs and might be responsible for synergistic/additive protective effect of SK against PCOS. Meanwhile PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Prolactin signaling pathway, AGE-RAG diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway were found to be involving the hub genes of interest and in this way, they might be intervened during treatment of PCOS by SK. Present study succeeded in identifying the drug like principle phytoconstituents, probable PCOS therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanism of SK apart from providing reliable evidence for therapeutic potential of SK against PCOS. However further validation by in vitro and in vivo investigations is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Background: In Ayurveda, several herbs and formulations are available for the treatment of Urolithiasis.However, they are not systematically evaluated for their safety, efficacy, indication and limitations.Herbmed Plus is one such herbal formulation that has been known for the management of urinary tractdisorders. An attempt has been made to evaluate its efficacy on Urolithiasis.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Herbmed Plus in urolithic rats.Materials and methods: A total of 60 Wistar albino rats were used for this study. The male and female ratswere divided into five groups: disease control, test (dose 90 mg/kg), standard I (Cystone), standard II(Alkaston insta) and normal control (six in each group). Urolithiasis was induced using ethylene glycol0.75% in drinking water for 28 days. The rats with urinary oxalate crystals were dosed with oral test orstandard treatments for 28 days.Results: All the animals appeared normal and showed no clinical signs of toxicity. None of the groups reported mortality or adverse effect on body weight and food consumption. The treatment with test drugshowed improvement in the SGPT level and urine output (5.4 vs 3.47 mL/24 h). A drastic reduction in numberof crystals were observed in male 0.5 vs 22 and female rats 0 vs 22.7 in test and disease group. The kidneylactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, urinary phosphorus and calcium oxalate level decreased in thetest and standard drug groups as compared to disease groups. Microscopy of the urine samples showedreduction in the number of crystals after treatment compared to the urolithic group. Increase in citrate levelsin urine in all the treatment groups indicated anti-urolithiatic activity. The test group showed a 69.70% recovery in males and 47.57% recovery in female rats compared to the disease control group.Conclusion: Herbmed Plus showed a significant reduction in oxalate synthesizing enzymes suggestinganti-urolithiatic activity and anti-inflammatory and regenerative property in cellular injury caused bycrystal deposits
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are the most universal cause of non-traumatic amputations of the foot in developing countries. One of the treatment modalities is to improve the peripheral blood supply to the area of ulcer. To this purpose the study was done to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral Arborium plus (herbal liquid formulation) in the wound closure of diabetic foot patients.Methods: 50 patients were randomly assigned to either of the groups (each group 25 patients) to receive either the test drug (Arborium plus) at tertiary care teaching hospital, it was an open label prospective and interventional parallel group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Arborium plus in diabetic foot syndrome. The study participants were randomized into control and intervention groups. Base line measurements of vascular flow was ankle- brachial pressure index (ABPI) and wound size measurement.Results: The baseline characteristics of the patients age in years test and control group 68�.3 and 67�.4 respectively. Male/female in both groups was 21/4 and 22/3 respectively. Duration of diabetes in years 8.65�3 and 8.5�6 respectively. BMI was 25.11�15 and 24.75�85, duration of smoking (years) 17.3�5 and 19.5�.5 respectively in both groups. Among the test group who received the proprietary formulation of Arborium plus, there was a significant reduction in the wound size.Conclusions: Wound healing and ABPI improvements were observed with usage of Arborium plus suggest an improvement in peripheral vascular flow in diabetic foot subjects.
ABSTRACT
Background: Urolithiasis is a growing problem worldwide. Many a times, asymptomatic stones are keptunder observation. Many herbal preparations are available for the same, but they lack proper scientificdocumentation.Objective: To study the anti-urolithiatic effect of an herbal preparation, Subap Plus (IP) capsules in patients with asymptomatic renal calculi of size ranging from 4 to 9 mm.Material and methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialconducted in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India.Patients with asymptomatic renal calculi of 4e9 mm size were randomized (1:1, block randomization) toone of the group Subap Plus (treatment group) or placebo (placebo group). The study outcome includedchange in visual analog scale (VAS), change in the surface area and density of calculi and their expulsion.Statistical analysis was performed using student's t-test and Chi-square test.Results: A total of 120 patients were screened and 84 were enrolled who met the eligibility criteria, ofwhich 65 patients completed the trial (treatment, n ¼ 34; placebo, n ¼ 31). The VAS score significantlydecreased in the treatment group (6.9e1.8) than placebo group (7.2e6.8) (p < 0.001). The surface areaand density were decreased by 47.58% (p < 0.008) and 43.01% (p < 0.001), respectively, in the treatmentgroup than the placebo group. The expulsion of calculi was significantly higher in the treatment groupthan placebo group (20.59 vs. 3.23%, p < 0.03).Conclusion: Patients treated with herbal formulation showed better expulsion rate and reduction insurface area and density than the placebo group.© 2018 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Siddha system is an ancient system of medicine which is popularly practised around south India particularly in Tamilnadu. Siddhars were considered as the pioneer of Siddha system, this system of medicine mainly encompasses for a healthy life for human beings. Among the broad spectrum of treatment aspects in Siddha system Siddhars classify the forms of internal medicines into 32 types which are all unique by its preparations. Choornam is one of the forms of internal medicine which can be used as single as well as poly herbal formulations. In this case report a poly-herbal formulation in Siddha system was used to treat tension type of headache (TTH). A 30 years old male patient visited out-patient department of Ayothidoss Pandither Hospital in National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. Patient reported with the complaints of episodic and chronic headache which is band like around the head, the intensity becomes mild to moderate, pain increased during working hours for past 2 years. Patient advised to follow the internal medicine Chundai vatral choornam it relives the TTH immediately when he got those symptoms.
ABSTRACT
The present study is to set up and check the standardization parameter for a poly-herbal formulation Raja Pravartini Churna. The marketed formulation and in house prepared formulation with same formula is taken for study. The parameter for standardization are organoleptic character, loss on drying, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, carr’s index, husner’s ratio, florescence analysis, powder microscopy, Phytochemical screening, ash values, extractive values etc were evaluated during the study on both formulation. The set parameters were found to be sufficient to standardize the Raja Pravartini Churna and can be used as reference standards for the quality control/ quality assurance study mostly on plant drugs for their primary health care needs.
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Union Total is herbal formulation made in the form of capsule which contains two standardized plant extracts Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) and Withania somnifera (WS). The present work describes development and validation of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of Stigmasterol (STG) in Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) and Withaferin A (WFA) in Withania somnifera (WS). Stigmasterol and Withaferin A were identified on silica G60 F254 HPTLC plates by post derivatization technique and robustness study was performed by applying a central composite design (CCD) with k factor having 2k factorial runs, 2k axial experiments and five center points. In HPTLC good separation was obtained with chloroform: methanol: toluene: formic acid (6.5: 0.5: 3: 0.25 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase and anisaldehyde sulphuric acid as a derivatizing reagent at detection wavelength 530 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 100-200 ng/band for WFA and 200-700 ng/band for STG and the % recoveries were found in the range of 100.06 % to 100.46 % for WFA and 99.97 % to 100.94 % for STG respectively. HPTLC method was found to be sensitive, precise, accurate and reproducible, which would be of use in quality control of these tablets.
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High fructose diet induces metabolic syndrome. Therefore an attempt has made to evaluate the effect of Polyherbal formulation in male Wistar rats by oral administration of 350 mg/Kg body weight (HF1) and 500 mg/ Kg body weight (HF2). The clinical symptoms established in high fructose diet induced metabolic syndrome were ameliorated by Poly herbal formulation. Food, water intake was increased in high fructose diet fed rats. Body weight, abdominal waist and Body mass index were increased in only high fructose fed rats whereas reduced with poly herbal formulation. Atherogenic index and Blood pressure were increased in only high fructose fed rats but reduced in rats supplied with polyherbal formulation (HF1 and HF2) along high fructose. Biochemical components like fasting blood glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, SGOT, SGPT, Uric acid, Malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in only high fructose fed group rats whereas these components were reduced and normalised in groups of rats fed with high fructose diet for 7 weeks in association with Herbal formulation HF1, HF2 for last three weeks separately.HDL-C levels were found increased in rats even though supplied with polyherbal formulation. Histopathology results of pancreas and liverof only high fructose fed rats indicated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fat accumulation which was ameliorated with HF1 and HF2.
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Aims: The study was conducted to assess the synergistic poly-herbal formulation for diabetic patients to determine its three characteristics reducing excessive sugar level to normal, immune-potentiating and antioxidant. Study Design: Subjects were divided into four groups, Group I(NH), were normal healthy subjects, Group II(DI), were diabetics, group III (TTD) were tolbutamide treated diabetic patients, group IV(HFTD), were diabetic patients receiving combination herbal formulation in the, dosage of 5 g. /day for 4 weeks. Place of Study: Diabetic patients were contacted and convinced from two Government Hospitals-Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal and K. N. Katju hospital, Bhopal, (M.P.), India. Methodology: homogenous mixtures were obtained and encapsulated 500mg/per capsule. PMNL were isolated from blood and glucose level tests performed by autoanalyzer. Immune- potentiating activity was evaluated by different following methods like a ATPase sensitivity tests, cellular water content, cell, plasma membrane calcium content, Camp activity, Phaspholipase-C activity, contact angle measurement, NBT assay. Antioxidant activity evaluates by SOD and glutathione peroxidase methods. Results: Encouraging results prompt that, herbal formulation, which could be proved on excellent sugar level regulator. For efficient phagocytosis by PMNL such as membrane potential, cellular water content, calcium homeostatic, calcium messenger system, contact angle i.e. hydrophobicity measurement and finally particle internalization and Phagocytic index. result were exciting with herbal formulation since it was found to effective in correction of cell parameters related to phagocytosis and remarkable recovery in antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In summary, the results obtained in the present investigation demonstrated\ that the present formulation beneficial in management of diabetic complication.
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Aims: Our aim was to study the modulatory effect of a Unani herbal formulation Jawarish amla sada against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in tumour bearing mice. Study Design: Non randomized control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi during 2008-10. Methodology: Study was conducted in Swiss albino mice divided in five groups (n=6). Animals were challenged with Ehrlich’s ascites tumour cells (1x106 cells). Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body weight), an alkylating anticancer drug that especially affects humoral immune functions, was injected intraperitoneally in a single dose. The protective effect of Unani drug Jawarish amla sada (250 mg/kg body weight) was studied in tumour bearing animals treated with cyclophosphamide. Immune function assessment test such as plaque forming cell assay (PFC) and biochemical parameters such as activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione were measured in mice. Results: Jawarish amla sada significantly modulated the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide as compared to the group treated with cyclophosphamide. Jawarish amla sada also protected activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase and significantly restored level of reduced glutathione in liver and kidney of tumour bearing mice exposed to cyclophosphamide. Similar protective effect of Jawarish amla sada was observed against elevated lipid peroxidation in these tissues. Conclusion: Jawarish amla sada showed potential to provide protection against toxic effects of cyclophosphamide in tumour bearing mice. The mechanism of action of the drug may be attributed to various antioxidants fortified in this herbal Unani formulation, which is used in the traditional system of medicine in Indian subcontinent against several liver ailments.
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The most important challenges faced by herbal formulations arise because of their lack of complete evaluation. Evaluation is necessary to ensure quality and purity of the herbal product. For evaluation of capsule containing single herb various parameters were tested. These parameters for raw material include powder characteristic study, organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical parameters etc., and assay of active constituent. Parameters for finished product (capsule) include uniformity of weight, pH, moisture content, disintegration time and dissolution study. HPTLC study, heavy metal analysis, microbial analysis and Nutritional value were carried out as a part of evaluation. Results indicate that Ashwagandha capsule has passed through all organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. Active constituent was present in adequate amount in the Ashwagandha capsule. Data of HPTLC finger printing indicates that extract was derived from genuine plant or parts of the plant and also capsule contain the same extract. Concentration of lead, arsenic and cadmium in capsules passed the limit of heavy metal. Mercury was absent in capsule and in their extract. Capsules have <10 cfu/gm total bacterial count. Total yeast and mould was absent in capsules. The pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were also absent in capsule.Carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol content for Ashwagadha capsule is 84.56%, 8.29% and 2.32% respectively. Data suggested that capsule and its extract were consistent with various identity, quality and purity parameters such as organoleptic characters, physico-chemical parameter, HPTLC fingerprinting, heavy metal and microbial analysis. Nutritional assessment of the each capsule indicates their dietary supplement value.
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Objective To study the apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell BGC-823 induced by the components in serum of Banxia Xiexin prescription and different herbal fomulation. Method multiplication of cell BGC-823 was observed with MTT method. The genic expression of bcl-2 was tested by S-P immunohistochemistry tehnique. Results As for inhibition of cell BGC-823 multiplication, the groups of Xinkai, Kujiang and Xinku in Banxia Xiexin prescription and different herbal fomulation was dose-dependent and more sensitive than the groups of Xingan, Kugan, Ganbu and the intact prescription (P