ABSTRACT
Currently, the novel and major life-threatening cause all over the world is COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) which is started at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world today. The infection of COVID-19 severity is variable which affects all ages' people and especially elderly persons whose immune system is very weak. Fatigue, fever, respiratory illness, dry cough, loss of appetite, olfactory dysfunction are the most common symptoms of this disease along with the decrease of certain cells of the immune system like helper T cells, monocytes/macrophages, etc. and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines are some of the major characteristics of this disease. Some natural herbal products are a successive option to combat SARS-Cov-2 disease. Herbs have various potential compound which is used as a dietary product that strongly influences immunity and maintenance of the homeostasis of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory. In the present review, we describe the potential of three herbal products as Turmeric (Haldi), Heart-leaved moonseed (Giloy), and Black cumin (Kalonji) that can be used for preventative or nutritional therapy of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The industrial manufacturing of natural products for veterinary use represents a major weakness in the veterinary sector despite increased interest and the traditional ancestral knowledge that supports them. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted to characterize the veterinary herbal products marketed worldwide during 2018 and 2019. A comprehensive thematic search limited to the 2018-2019 period was performed in the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Academic Search Complete databases. The investigation identified 487 products registered in the global market manufactured by 54 companies, led by India, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The market segments of animal production and phytomedicines were dominant with 73.7% and 53.0% of products, respectively. Cattle (22.2%), sheep-goats (16.2%), and canines (16.2%) were the most favored species. The most represented therapeutic indications were those intended to treat gastrointestinal disorders (30.47%), antimicrobials (16.66%), and antiparasitic agents (10.47%). The families Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Malvaceae, and Rutaceae stood out because of their frequent use, encompassing 35.0% of the 137 declared species. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and Withania somnifera (Lin) Dunal were the most important species. Oral formulations for internal use (72%) and liquids (51%) in 100 mL, 500 mL, and 1 L presentations showed the highest prevalence on the market. The global market for veterinary herbal products during the 2018-2019 period was relevant in the productive and medical animal sector. No differences were found between medicinal plant species used to formulate herbal products for human and animal use.(AU)
A fabricação industrial de produtos naturais para uso animal é uma das grandes fragilidades do setor veterinário, apesar de um crescente interesse e do suporte dado pelos conhecimentos tradicionais ancestrais. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo transversal para caracterizar os fitoterápicos veterinários comercializados mundialmente no período de 2018-2019 através de uma busca temática exaustiva nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate e Academic Search Complete. O estudo mostrou a existência de 487 produtos registrados no mercado mundial, fabricados por 54 empresas, lideradas pela Índia, Holanda e Reino Unido. Os segmentos Danimal produtivo e fitomedicamentos dominam o mercado com 73,7% e 53,0% dos produtos, respectivamente. Bovinos (22,2%), ovinos-cabras (16,2%) e caninos (16,2%) foram as espécies mais favorecidas. As indicações terapêuticas mais representadas foram aquelas destinadas à correção de distúrbios gastrointestinais (30,47%), antimicrobianos (16,66%) e antiparasitários (10,47%). Devido à alta frequência de uso, destacam-se as famílias Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Malvaceae e Rutaceae, que compreendem 35,0% das 137 espécies declaradas a saber, Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees e Withania somnífera (Lin) Dunal, são as mais importantes. Constatou-se que as formulações para uso interno via oral (72%) e líquida (51%) em embalagens de 100, 500 e 1000 mL são as que prevalecem no mercado. O mercado global de produtos fitoterápicos durante o período de 2018-2019 foi relevante para animais produtivos e o setor médico. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as espécies de plantas medicinais utilizadas em formulações de produtos fitoterápicos para uso humano e animal.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Health Care Sector/economics , Marketing , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
Introdução: Entre as diversas plantas que possuem efeito antiparasitário,as espécies Chenopodium ambrosioides, Mentha piperitae Rheum palmatum vem sendo empregadas em associação comoproduto fitoterápico antiparasitário. Porém, esse tipo de preparo éutilizado de forma indiscriminada e abusiva, o que pode levar aosurgimento de danos à saúde.Objetivo: Avaliar a função hepática de camundongos Swiss submetidosa tratamento com um produto fitoterápico contento Chenopodiumambrosioides, Mentha piperita e Rheum palmatum, usadopopularmente como antiparasitário.Métodos: Foram utilizados 20 camundongos, distribuídos em doisgrupos: grupo tratamento, submetidos à terapia com fitoterápicopor via orogástrica por 9 dias, e grupo controle negativo, tratadoscom solução salina estéril pela mesma via, diariamente, durante omesmo período. Após tratamento, foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticasdas enzimas alanina aminotrasnferase (ALT) e aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) por metodologia cinético-UV em duplicata...
Introduction: Among the various plants having antiparasitic effect,the species Chenopodium ambrosioides, Mentha piperita andRheum palmatum has been used in combination as a herbal productantiparasitic . However, this type of preparation is used indiscriminatelyand improperly which can lead to the emergence ofhealth damage.Objective: Assess liver function of Swiss mice undergoing treatmentwith an herbal product containing Chenopodium ambrosioides,Mentha piperita and Rheum palmatum, popularly used as aantiparasitic.Methods: Were used 20 mice, distributed into two groups: treatmentgroup, underwent to herbal therapy by orogastric route for9 days, and a negative control group, treated with sterile saline bythe same route, daily, during the same period. After treatment, weremade plasmatic dosages of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in duplicate. Resultsand conclusion: Was observed significant elevation of ALT, anddecreasing of AST (no significant), which means that the studiedproduct have may cause mild hepatocellular damage in animals...
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Antiparasitic Agents , Liver , Mice , Phytotherapeutic DrugsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop an applicable approach to rapidly analyze 31 PDE-5 inhibitors qualitatively and quantitatively and provide a strategy for detection and rapid identification of similar derivatives in herbal products and dietary supplements based on high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). METHODS: The analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column with the mixture of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 0.4 mL · min. Q-TOF-MS equipped with ESI ion source was performed in positive ionization mode. Qualitative analysis was based on the accurate mass, the elemental compositions and the product ions. Quantitative analysis was performed by using the peak area and concentration of each compound. RESULTS: The ESI-MS fragmentation behaviors of three common structural skeletons (sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafiland) were characterized and summarized. Good linearity was obtanined in the ranges of 1-200, 5-400 or 20-600 ng · mL-1 for the calibration curves of the 31 analytes(r≥0.9974). The LOQs were 0.07-37.82 pg, recoveries were 75.00%-124.56%, and RSDs were less than 7.56% (n=6). CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, accurate and reliable. It is suitable for determining PDE-5 inhibitors and rapid detection of similar derivatives in herbal products and dietary supplements.