ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are the main infectious agents associated with oral and genital ulcerations. These infections are now widely recognized as sexually transmitted diseases. Among treatment options, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown promising clinical results as a longer-lasting suppression therapy. Two clinical cases are described with recurrent labial herpes for which LLLT was used. Following treatment, both patients remained symptom free during the 17-month clinical follow-up period.
Os vírus do herpes simplex tipos 1 e 2 são os principais agentes infecciosos associados às ulcerações orais e vaginais. Estas infecções são amplamente reconhecidas como doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Entre as opções de tratamento, o laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) mostrou resultados promissores como terapia de supressão de longa duração. Descrevemos dois casos clínicos com herpes labial recorrentes nos quais o LBI foi utilizado que permaneceram assintomáticos durante 17 meses de controle clínico.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Herpes Labialis/radiotherapy , Low-Level Light Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a pathogen that may cause severe encephalitis in humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in a model of HSV-1 brain infection. IL-4 knockout (IL-4-/-) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with 10(4) plaque-forming units of HSV-1 by the intracranial route. Histopathologic analysis revealed a distinct profile of infiltrating cells at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Infected WT mice presented mononuclear inflammatory cells while IL-4-/- mice developed meningoencephalitis with predominance of neutrophils. IL-4-/- mice had diminished leukocyte adhesion at 3 dpi when compared to infected WT animals in intravital microscopy study. Conversely no differences were found in cerebral levels of CXCL1, CXCL9, CCL3, CCL5 and TNF-α between WT and IL-4-/- infected mice. IL-4 may play a role in the recruitment of cells into central nervous system in this acute model of severe encephalitis caused by HSV-1.
O vírus herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) é um patógeno que pode causar encefalite grave em humanos. Neste estudo, buscamos investigar o papel da interleucina-4 (IL-4) no modelo de infecção intracerebral por HSV-1. Camundongos C57BL/6 selvagens (WT) e deficientes no gene IL-4 (IL-4-/-) foram inoculados com 10(4) unidades formadoras de placas de HSV-1 por via intracraniana. A análise histopatológica revelou um padrão distinto de infiltrado leucocitário. Camundongos WT infectados apresentaram infiltrado de células mononucleares, enquanto camundongos IL-4-/- desenvolveram meningoencefalite com predomínio de neutrófilos 3 dias pós-infecção (dpi). Animais IL-4-/- tiveram menor adesão de leucócitos 3 dpi quando comparados aos animais WT infectados à microscopia intravital. Em contrapartida, não foram encontradas diferenças nos níveis cerebrais de CXCL1, CXCL9, CCL3, CCL5 e TNF-α entre camundongos WT e IL-4-/- infectados. Esses resultados sugerem que IL-4 pode desempenhar um papel no recrutamento de células no sistema nervoso central neste modelo agudo de encefalite grave causada pelo HSV-1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Chemokines/immunology , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/immunology , Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology , /immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Acute Disease , Cell Movement/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/pathology , /physiologyABSTRACT
O uso do laser de baixa intensidade na supressão de infecções pelos vírus Herpes simplex 1 e 2 foi avaliado após uma a cinco aplicações, sendo observada uma redução gradual na replicação dos vírus Herpes simplex 1 e 2 com 68,4 por cento e 57,3 por cento de inibição, respectivamente, após 5 aplicações, indicando o seu uso clínico.
The use of low-level laser to suppress infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 was evaluated after one to five applications. A gradual reduction in replication of Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 was observed, with 68.4 percent and 57.3 percent inhibition, respectively, after five applications, thus favoring its clinical use.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Herpesvirus 1, Human/radiation effects , /radiation effects , Low-Level Light Therapy , Chlorocebus aethiops , Herpes Simplex/radiotherapy , Vero Cells , Virus Replication/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Se deierminó que los cepillos dentales mantienen viables y pueden transmitir 3 microorganismos frecuentemente implicados en infecciones orales. Los microorganismos fueron inoculados in vitro en cepillos mantenidos a temperatura ambiente y sometidos a subcultivo desde las 3 horas hasta los 16 días. Inóculos de aproximadamente 5 millones de bacterias/ml de un importante periodontopático, el Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; de un entérico oportunista, el Enterobacter cloacae y una dosis infectiva 50, ID50 de un herpesvirus oral, el Herpes simplex virus tipo 1, (HSV-1) fueron colocados sobre cerdas de los cepillos. A. actinomycetemcomitans y el HSV-1 resultaron viables hasta por 72 horas. E. cloacae fué viable hasta por 16 dias, el tiempo máximo de subcultivo planteado en este estudio (Tabla 1). La viabilidad bacteriana se demostró por subcultivo de los microorganismos en TSBV y la identidad de los microorganismos se determinó por la morfología de la colonia, la catalasa, el MUG, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa especie/especifico para A. actinomycetemcomitans y pruebas bioquímicas rápidas como subcultivo en McConkey y asimilación de sustratos para E. cloacae. La viabilidad viral se estableció por aparición del efecto citopatogénico en mononocapas de pulmón embrionario humano del inóculo recuperado de los cepillos, pase seriado e lFA indirecta contra HSV-1. Este estudio concluye que los cepillos dentales pueden ser un reservorio y además transmitir importantes patógenos orales entre familiares o individuos.
This study determined that toothbrushes could maintain viable and perhaps transmit to other family member 3 important oral pathogens. The toothbrushes were infected with an approximate inoculum of 5 million bacteria's per ml of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Enterobacter cloacae, respectively and an infective dose 50 (ID 50) of Herpes Simplex type I, (H5V-1 ). These microorganisms were placed directly on the tooth bristles at room temperature and subcultured at different times to establish individual microbial survival rates. Microorganisms were cultured at 3 hours. 24 hours, 96 hours, 5 days, 12 days, and 16 days after the initial toothbrush inoculation. A. actinomycetemcomitans, and HSV-1 resulted viable after 72 hours on toothbrushes. E. cloacae was viable as far as 16 days after the initial inoculation. The microbial viability was determined by subculture in TSBV and the identity of the microorganisms established by the bacterial colony morphology, rapid biochemical tests, and specie-specific polymerase chain reaction for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Viral viability was determined by visualization of the viral induced cytopathic effect on a cultured monolayer of embryonic lung fibroblasts from replicating HSV-1. Positive cultures were confirmed by IFA assay against HSV-L 1. In conclusion this study demonstrated in vitro that toothbrushes could act as a reservoir of microbes and maybe transmit important oral pathogens.