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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(1): e20201132, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1286040

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents' breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.


RESUMO: A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(1): 205-210, feb. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385285

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Anatomical studies describe the vastus medialis (VM) as being subdivided into two morphologically distinct components, the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and the vastus medialis longus (VML). However, there are discrepancies regarding the functional differentiation of these components. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of activation of the VMO and the VML by high density surface electromyography. Twelve healthy young women (age: 21.4 ± 2.0 years; weight: 58.1 ± 7.5 kg; height: 1.6 ± 0.1 m), performed an open kinetic chain knee exercise during which the EMG activity of the VMO and the VML was recorded with two- dimensional matrices of 32 surface electrodes. The exercises were performed with three levels of resistance (5, 10 and 15 % of the body weight (BW)), considering three phases: concentric, isometric and excentric. In the isometric phase the VMO had greater activation than the VML with the three levels of resistance (p<0.05). In the excentric phase, the VMO also showed greater activation than the VML with the 10 and 15 % BW resistance levels, while in the concentric phase, the VMO showed greater activity than the VML with only the 15 % BW resistance. The results indicated significant differences in the activation level of the two components of the VM. This bears importance in the development of exercises intended to achieve a greater or more selective activation of the VMO. In the sample subjected to evaluation, the EMG recordings describe a greater activation of the VMO in comparison to the VML, which is more important in the isometric and excentric phases of the flexion/extension of the knee in an open kinetic chain. These findings suggest a functional compartmentalization of the VM.


RESUMEN: Los estudios anatómicos describen que el músculo vasto medial (VM) se subdivide en dos componentes morfológicamente distintos, el vasto medial obliquus (VMO) y el vasto medial largo (VML). Sin embargo, existen discrepancias con respecto a la diferenciación funcional de estos componentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de activación del VMO y el VML mediante electromiografía de superficie de alta densidad. Doce mujeres jóvenes sanas (edad: 21,4 ± 2,0 años; peso: 58,1 ± 7,5 kg; altura: 1,6 ± 0,1 m), realizaron un ejercicio de rodilla de cadena cinética abierta durante el cual se registró la actividad EMG de la VMO y la VML con dos matrices dimensionales de 32 electrodos de superficie. Los ejercicios se realizaron con tres niveles de resistencia (5, 10 y 15% del peso corporal (PC)), considerando tres fases: concéntrica, isométrica y excéntrica. En la fase isométrica el VMO tuvo mayor activación que el VML con los tres niveles de resistencia (p <0,05). En la fase excéntrica, el VMO también mostró mayor activación que el VML con los niveles de resistencia de 10 y 15% BW, mientras que en la fase concéntrica, el VMO mostró mayor actividad que el VML con solo el 15 % de resistencia al BW. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en el nivel de activación de los dos componentes de la VM. Esto tiene importancia en el desarrollo de ejercicios destinados a lograr una activación mayor o más selectiva del VMO. En la muestra sometida a evaluación, los registros EMG describen una mayor activación del VMO en comparación con el VML, que es más importante en las fases isométrica y excéntrica de la flexión / extensión de la rodilla en cadena cinética abierta. Estos hallazgos sugieren una compartimentación funcional de la VM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Electromyography/methods , Quadriceps Muscle/physiology
3.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 35(1): e0056, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-985278

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do artigo é avaliar os fatores que influenciam a escolha do tipo de curso superior no Brasil. A partir dos dados dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 e da Sinopse de Educação Superior de 2000, modelamos a escolha do curso por parte do indivíduo usando o modelo logit condicional. As variáveis que condicionam esta escolha são: características individuais e familiares; relação candidato-vaga; tempo de duração do curso; e incentivos econômicos das carreiras (média e variabilidade do rendimento e desemprego). Esta análise é feita para o total de indivíduos que estavam em idade de prestar vestibular no ano de 2000. Os resultados indicam que os rendimentos e a taxa de desemprego influenciam apenas os indivíduos do quartil mais elevado, enquanto a concorrência possui maior impacto sobre a escolha dos indivíduos do quartil inferior de distribuição.


The aim of this paper is to evaluate the factors conditioning the choice of type of higher education course in Brazil. Based on data from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses and the Higher Education Synopsis from2000, we model the choice of course by the individual using the conditional logit model. The variables that affect this choice are: individual and family characteristics; candidate-vacancy relationship (competition) and course duration; income (mean and variability) and unemployment. This analysis is done for the total number of individuals with the age required for college entrance examination in the year 2000. The results indicated that expected yields, unemployment rate and the wage variability of careers only influence the individuals of the highest quartile. On the other hand, competition in the selective process has a greater impact on the choice of individuals in the lower distribution quartile.


El objetivo del artículo es evaluar los factores que influyen en la elección del tipo de curso superior en Brasil. A partir de los datos de los censos demográficos de 2000 y 2010 y de la Sinopsis de Educación Superior de 2000, modelamos la elección del curso por parte del individuo usando el modelo logit condicional. Las variables que condicionan esta elección son: características individuales y familiares; relación candidato-vacante y el tiempo de duración del curso e incentivos económicos de las carreras (media y variabilidad del rendimiento y desempleo). Este análisis fue hecho para el total de individuos en edad de presentarse al vestibular en el año 2000. Los resultados indicaron que los ingresos y la tasa de desempleo influyen solo en los indivíduos del cuartil más elevado. La competencia tiene mayor impacto en la elección de los individuos del cuartil inferior de distribución.


Subject(s)
Humans , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Brazil , Censuses , Universities , Educational Status , Career Choice , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Higher Education Policy , Universities
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(4): e67-e71, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657467

ABSTRACT

El síndrome VACTERL-H es un trastorno complejo de malformaciones congénitas que implica vértebras, ano, corazón, tráquea, esófago, riñones, extremidades (del inglés limbs) e hidrocefalia. Su etiología se ha identificado sólo en algunos pacientes debido, en gran medida, a su naturaleza esporádica, así como a su alto grado de heterogeneidad clínica. En este informe se presenta a un neonato con el síndrome VACTERL-H, al que se asocian anomalías inusuales del arco branquial, dermoepidérmicas y del sistema nervioso, que se comparan con las descritas en la bibliografía médica. Según nuestra experiencia, esta presentación no sólo amplía el conocimiento del espectro de anomalías que se puede presentar en el síndrome VACTERL-H, sino que también podría ser útil en la identificación de pacientes con este fenotipo heterogéneo.


VACTERL-H syndrome is a complex disorder of congenital malformations that implies vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, limbs and hydrocephalus. Its etiology has been identified in a fraction of patients largely due to their sporadic nature and its high degree of clinical heterogeneity. This report presents a newborn with VACTERL-H syndrome, associated with unusual branchial arch, dermoepidermal and nervous system anomalies, which are compared with those described in the medical literature. Based on our experience, the presentation of this case not only expands the knowledge of the spectrum of anomalies that can occur in VACTERL-H syndrome, but also can be useful in identifying patients with this heterogeneous phenotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Phenotype
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 66(2)2006.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467835

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of initial heterogeneity of weight and density on heterogeneous growth (HetG) evaluated by the coefficient of the variation of weight in the young Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus of the territorial species was tested. Fish were maintained in a glass aquarium (8 and 2 L of water) with two levels of initial heterogeneity of weight: low and high, under two density conditions: low and high, thus constituting four conditions (six replications for each). Initially, the weights of the animals were taken after 8, 16, 22 and 30 days (end of experiment). The results, evaluated by the non-parametric test of Kruskal- Wallis, demonstrated that in the groups where the animals were stored under high initial HetG, there was a reduction of the same and that in the groups where the animals were stored under high density, there was exacerbation or maintained high values of HetG. High density in association with high initial heterogeneity caused more exacerbation of HetG in such a way that the density appeared to be a determining factor for exacerbation or the maintenance of high values of HetG, whereas the initial heterogeneity of the weight could be a secondary factor.


Neste trabalho, testou-se o efeito da heterogeneidade inicial de peso e da densidade sobre o crescimento heterogêneo (CHet, avaliado pelo coeficiente de variação do peso) em juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus, espécie territorial. Os peixes foram mantidos em aquários de vidro (8 e 2 L d’água) com dois níveis de heterogeneidade inicial de peso: baixo e alto, sob duas densidades: baixa e alta, configurando-se quatro condições (6 réplicas cada uma). Os pesos dos animais foram tomados no início, aos 8, 16, 22 e 30 dias (final do experimento). Os resultados, avaliados pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, demonstraram que nos grupos em que os animais foram estocados com alto CHet inicial houve redução e que nos grupos em que os animais foram estocados em alta densidade houve exacerbação ou manutenção dos altos valores de CHet. A alta densidade quando associada à alta heterogeneidade inicial provocou maior exacerbação do CHet de forma que a densidade parece ser um fator determinante da exacerbação ou da manutenção de altos valores de CHet, enquanto a heterogeneidade inicial de peso pode ser um fator secundário.

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