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Presentamos a continuación el análisis de la experiencia llevada a cabo en el curso de experto universitario en "Prevención de Violencia de Género", curso realizado por la Universidad de Alicante en coordinación con la Generalitat Valenciana y el Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Dirigido a las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad (FFCCS). El objetivo es mejorar las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación en las intervenciones de emergencia por violencia en parejas heterosexuales. Nuestra experiencia se enmarca dentro de un diseño de taller de formación especializada de 10 horas de duración en el marco de la asignatura "Habilidades y técnicas de comunicación", cuyo desarrollo se basa en la capacidad que la dialéctica constructiva tiene de afrontamiento y transformación social, así como en la concepción de la violencia contra las mujeres como un atentado contra los derechos humanos y la pertinencia de las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación efectiva en la intervención policial en este tipo de emergencias. Nuestros resultados muestran una buena estructuración de la intervención policial en tres fases (llegada, desarrollo y cierre) y la necesidad de profundizar en la intervención y protocolo a seguir con los agresores.
The following is an analysis of the experience in the university expert course on "Prevention of Gender Violence", a course carried out by the University of Alicante in coordination with the Generalitat Valenciana and the Valencian Institute of Public Safety and Emergencies (IVASPE) aimed at security forces and corps (FFCCS). The objective is to improve communication skills and techniques in emergency interventions for violence in heterosexual couples. Our experience is framed within a 10-hour specialised training workshop design within the framework of the subject "Communication skills and techniques", whose development is based on the capacity that constructive dialectics has for coping and social transformation, as well as on the conception of violence against women as an attack on human rights and the relevance of effective communication skills and techniques in police intervention in this type of emergency. Our results show a good structuring of police intervention in three phases (arrival, development and closure) and the need to deepen the intervention and protocol to observe with the aggressors.
A seguir, é apresentada uma análise da experiência realizada no curso de especialização em "Prevenção da violência de gênero", realizado pela Universidad de Alicante em coordenação com a Generalitat Valenciana e o Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Destinado às forças e corpos de segurança (FFCCS). O objetivo é melhorar as habilidades e técnicas de comunicação em intervenções de emergência devido à violência em casais heterossexuais. Nossa experiência se enquadra em um projeto de oficina de treinamento especializado de 10 horas no âmbito da disciplina "Habilidades e técnicas de comunicação", cujo desenvolvimento se baseia na capacidade que a dialética construtiva tem de enfrentamento e transformação social, bem como na concepção da violência contra a mulher como um ataque aos direitos humanos e na relevância de habilidades e técnicas de comunicação eficazes na intervenção policial nesse tipo de emergência. Nossos resultados mostram uma boa estruturação da intervenção policial em três fases (chegada, desenvolvimento e encerramento) e a necessidade de aprofundar a intervenção e o protocolo a ser seguido com os agressores.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and the impairment of liver and kidney in HIV-infected men who have heterosexual sex with healthy women. MethodsFecal samples from 41 HIV-infected heterosexual men who have sex with women （PMSW） and 43 age- and BMI-matched healthy heterosexual men who have sex with women （NMSW） were collected and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The blood levels of AST， ALT， TBIL， UREA， Cr， UA， β2-MG and other liver and kidney function indicators were measured. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the intestinal flora of the patients in these two groups， to compare the differential bacteria strains， and to analyze their correlation with liver and kidney function indicators. ResultsIn comparison with NMSW， the alpha diversity of intestinal flora was decreased in PMSW， and the beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in flora characteristics between the two groups （P<0.05）. The abundance of Clostridium， Phylum thick-walled， Trichosporon， and Clostridium tumefaciens decreased but Fusobacteriota increased （LDA score >4）. The comparison of liver and kidney function indexes revealed that AST， β2-MG levels were higher in PMSW than in NMSW， while TBIL was lower in PMSW than in NMSW. The number of patients with abnormal β2-MG was much higher in PMSW than in NMSW， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）. It was also found that AST was negatively correlated with Clostridium （P<0.05）； TBIL was negatively correlated with Clostridium and positively correlated with Phylum thick-walled and Trichosporon （P<0.05）. β2-MG was negatively correlated with Phylum thick-walled， Clostridium， Trichosporon and Rumenococcus （P<0.05） and positively correlated with Clostridium （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn PMSW group， the alpha diversity of the flora is decreased. AST and β2-MG levels are increased， and TBIL level is decreased. These changes were significantly correlated with different strains of bacteria in the intestinal flora.
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Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 28 años, heterosexual, con VIH negativo que desarrolló erupción cutánea intensa caracterizada por la presencia de vesículas, pústulas y pápulas umbilicadas confluentes en el pene y región púbica con escasa diseminación en el resto del cuerpo, sin adenopatía ni manifestaciones sistémicas, cuatro días después de haber tenido relaciones sexuales con una prostituta aparentemente sana. El hisopado de las lesiones dérmicas revelaron la presencia de ADN del virus MPOX por PCR en tiempo real. Las pruebas inmunológicas fueron las siguientes: ELISA cuarta generación para VIH y Western Blot negativas, anticuerpos IgM para herpes simplex1=1.2 U/ml, anticuerpos IgM para herpes simplex2=1.9 U/ml, anticuerpos IgM para varicela zóster=0.5 S/CO, FTA-ABS (IgM)=negativo. Se resalta la intensidad de las lesiones cutáneas en el pene y la necesidad de realizar pruebas para descarte de MPOX en prostitutas.
We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient, heterosexual, with negative HIV who developed an intense skin rash characterized by the presence of confluent vesicles, pustules, and umbilicated papules on the penis and pubic region with little spread to the rest of the body, without lymphadenopathy or systemic manifestations, four days after having sexual relations with an apparently healthy prostitute. The swabbing of the dermal lesions revealed the presence of MPOX virus DNA by real-time PCR. The immunological tests were the following: negative fourth-generation ELISA and Western Blot for HIV, IgM antibodies to herpes simplex1=1.2 U/ ml, IgM antibodies to herpes simplex2=1.9 U/ml, IgM antibodies to varicella zoster=0.5 S/CO and negative FTA-ABS (IgM) for syphilis. The intensity of skin lesions on the penis and the need to perform tests to rule out MPOX in prostitutes are highlighted.
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Background: HIV/AIDS emerged as the most important public health issue of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Hope & Quality of life (QoL) of People living with HIV/AIDS are affected by multiple socio-demographic variables as a major predictor of Hope & QoL. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive survey research design included a sample of 430 PLHIV attending the ART centre, District Government Hospital, Bagalkot. Data were collected using the self-report method and Hospital records by socio-demographic questionnaire, Herths Hope Scale and WHO QOLHIV-BREF scale. Pearson's Correlations, chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results: A significant positive association was found between Hope and QoL among PLHIV (r= 0.483, p<0.001). A significant regression equation (F429, 42= 1.842, R2=0.167, p<0.01). Married status i.e. married, Occupation i.e. doing Labor work has positively and 3rd and 4th clinical-stage have negatively predicted Hope of PLHIV. A Non significant regression equation (F429,42=1.37, R2=0.13, p<0.05). Being a private employee had positively and Heterosexual had negatively predicted and remained determinants have not predicted QoL among PLHIV and there was a significant association found between marital status and remained variables are not associated with Hope. There was a significant negative relationship found between Family monthly income and a positive relationship found between the duration of HIV and QoL. Marital status is significantly associated with QoL. Conclusions: The overall findings reveals that a significant positive correlation between Hope and QoL among PLHIV. There was a significant association found between marital status with Hope. There was a significant negative relationship found between Family monthly income and positive relationship found Duration of HIV and QoL.
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Anal intercourse (AI) has been reported to be the riskiest among other sexual intercourses in spreading human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the risk could be minimized by the use of condoms. Whilst AI is believed to be practiced mainly by men who have sex with men, AI has also been reported to occur in heterosexual relationships. However, data on condom use during heterosexual AI are inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: A scoping review of English language published articles on condom use during heterosexual anal sex, whose studies were conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa from January 2010 to May 2020 was conducted. Articles were searched systematically on PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. Heterosexual AI was defined as penile penetrative anal sex between a man and a woman regardless of the sexual orientation of the 2 parties involved in the act of heterosexual AI. Findings: A total of 21 studies were eligible for analysis. Most of the studies (17 out of 21) reported females to be involved in heterosexual AI whilst 9 out of 21 studies reported males to be involved in heterosexual AI. The lifetime prevalence estimates of condom use during heterosexual AI ranged from 29%-97.5%. Other prevalence estimates of condom use during heterosexual anal intercourse were reported over various recall periods which were: 12 months' recall period with prevalence estimates ranging from 2.9%-59%; prevalence estimates for the past 3 months which ranged from 50%-94.4%; 1 month's recall period with prevalence estimates ranging from 5%-96% and prevalence estimates for the last intercourse experienced ranging from 1%-55%. Condom use during heterosexual AI was generally low and/or inconsistent among female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and some women in the general population. There were no risk factors identified in the study for the inconsistent or low use of condoms during heterosexual AI. Conclusion: Evidence from this study suggests condom use during heterosexual AI could be fairly low especially among groups such as FSWs, MSMW and some women in the general population. Risk factors for using condoms inconsistently or using condoms less during heterosexual AI are not clear. Heterosexual anal intercourse and condom use during the AI practice is generally an under-studied subject in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future studies need to explore on heterosexual AI and condom use practices during AI comprehensively so that there can be concrete evidence on the subject which will inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing HIV among heterosexual populations in SSA
Subject(s)
Anal Canal , HIV , Coitus , Condoms, Female , Heterosexuality , Family Relations , Africa South of the Sahara , MenABSTRACT
Resumen: La Escala de Intimidad Emocional (EIE) es un instrumento de auto-informe que evalúa la intimidad emocional en relaciones cercanas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la EIE para su uso en personas heterosexuales, gais y lesbianas involucradas en una relación de pareja. La muestra incluyó 883 personas chilenas (404 hombres y 479 mujeres; 565 heterosexuales y 318 homosexuales), entre 18 y 72 años. Mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, se replicó la estructura unidimensional de la escala logrando un buen nivel de ajuste a los datos, mientras que el análisis multigrupo reveló que la EIE-E (versión en español) es invariante según sexo y orientación sexual. Los índices de consistencia interna mediante el alfa de Cronbach y McDonald Omega fueron apropiados y se observó una asociación positiva entre la intimidad emocional y la satisfacción con la relación de pareja. Finalmente, se identificó que las mujeres lesbianas evidencian mayores niveles de intimidad que el resto de los grupos. Se concluye que la EIE-E es un instrumento apropiado para el estudio de la intimidad emocional en personas que se encuentran en una relación de pareja, sean estas hombres o mujeres heterosexuales, gais o lesbianas.
Abstract: The Emotional Intimacy Scale (EIE) is a self-report instrument that assesses emotional intimacy in close relationships. The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the EIE for its use in heterosexual, gay and lesbian people who are currently involved in a couple relationship. The sample consisted of 883 Chileans, (404 men and 479 women; 565 heterosexuals and 318 homosexual), between the ages of 18 and 72. Using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the scale was replicated, achieving a good fit to the data, while the multi-group analysis revealed that the EIE-E (Spanish version) is invariant according to sex and sexual orientation. The internal consistency indices using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald Omega were appropriate, and a positive association was observed between emotional intimacy and relationship satisfaction. Finally, results showed that lesbian women showed higher levels of intimacy relative to the other groups. It is concluded that the EIE-E is an appropriate instrument for the study of emotional intimacy in people who are in a couple relationship, be they heterosexual men or women, gays or lesbians.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective @#To analyze the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Hangzhou, and the influencing factors for new infection and local infection, so as to provide the evidence for AIDS prevention and control.@*Methods @#From 2017 to 2019, the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Hangzhou were recruited, and their demographic information, previous sexual behaviors and history of HIV testing were collected in the questionnaire survey. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for new infections and local infections. @*Results @#A total of 522 participants from 668 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Hangzhou during this period were surveyed．Among 522 cases, 263 ( 50.38% ) were aged 40 years or above, 218 ( 41.76% ) were married, 326 ( 62.45% ) had an educational level of junior high school or below, and 340 ( 65.13% ) were not local. Among 504 cases whose infection time could be determined, 72 ( 14.29% ) were newly infected within one year; age of 40 years below ( OR=4.148, 95%CI: 1.956-8.795 ), history of HIV testing ( OR=2.049, 95%CI: 1.163-3.609 ) and history of sexually transmitted diseases ( OR=2.169, 95%CI: 1.076-4.374 ) were risk factors for new infection. Among 454 cases whose infection location could be determined, 267 ( 58.81% ) were infected in Hangzhou; educational level of high school or below ( OR=2.538, 95%CI: 1.252-5.145 ) , Hangzhou residence ( OR=7.835, 95%CI: 4.227-14.353 ), living in Hangzhou for a year or over ( OR=18.960, 95%CI: 8.755-41.060 ) and monthly income of 3 000 yuan or over ( OR=2.630, 95%CI: 1.546-4.474 ) were risk factors for local infection. @*Conclusions @#The HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Hangzhou are mainly floating population and less educated. The newly infected cases are more likely to be young and middle-aged people and patients with sexually transmitted diseases, the locally infected cases are more likely to be people with permanent residence, less educated and high income.
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Abstract The present empirical study inquires on the relations among sexism, gender role ideology and domestic and care work in heterosexual women who share a home with their couples and at least one child, in CABA and GBA (Argentina) in 2019. Two previously existent (Moya, Expósito & Padilla, 2006; Glick & Fiske, 1996) and validated in Argentina scales were used, and a new scale for measuring domestic and care activities was created. A correlational and transversal study with a quantitative approach was carried out, and the data was recollected through an auto-administrated evaluation instrument sent by Facebook and Whatsapp social media. The sample includes 437 cases. Regarding the constructed scale, reliability, exploratory and confirmatory analysis were performed. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation among the dependent and independent variables was identified. It is possible to suggest that the hypothesis presented in this study is partially corroborated, that is, that the domestic and care work type of division is explained by the level of adhesion to the Gender Role Ideology.
Resumen El presente estudio empírico indaga respecto a las relaciones entre el sexismo, la adhesión a la ideología del rol de género y la división del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados en mujeres heterosexuales que viven en pareja y tienen al menos une hije compartiendo el mismo hogar, en CABA y GBA (Argentina) en 2019. Se utilizaron dos escalas existentes (Moya, Expósito y Padilla, 2006; Glick y Fiske, 1996) previamente validadas en Argentina, y se construyó una escala nueva para medir las tareas domésticas y de cuidado. Se realizó un estudio correlacional de corte transversal con un abordaje cuantitativo y los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento de evaluación de índole autoadministrable mediante las redes sociales Facebook y Whatsapp. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 437 casos. Se realizaron los correspondientes análisis de fiabilidad, exploratorio y confirmatorio para la escala construida. Asimismo, se identificó una correlación positiva moderada entre la variable dependiente y las variables independientes. Es posible sugerir que se corrobora parcialmente la hipótesis planteada en este trabajo, es decir, que el tipo de división del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados se explica por el nivel de adhesión a la ideología del rol de género.
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Resumen La finalidad del presente estudio fue desarrollar la versión corta de una de las cuatro subescalas del Inventario Multidimensional de Infidelidad (IMIN). El Inventario tiene 155 reactivos totales, con opción de respuesta tipo likert de cinco puntos, y cuatro subescalas: Subescala de conducta de infidelidad; Subescala de motivación de infidelidad, Subescala de la conceptuación asociada a la infidelidad y Subescala de las consecuencias de la infidelidad. La versión corta de la Subescala conceptuación de la infidelidad se desarrolló, a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. De cada dimensión se eligieron los 3 reactivos con los pesos factoriales más altos. Los 18 reactivos fueron contestados por 940 adultos heterosexuales con pareja exclusiva, 458 hombres y 482 mujeres. Los resultados arrojaron un modelo que conserva las seis dimensiones originales y un buen ajuste en GFI, AGFI, CFI, y RMSEA (factor uno Trasgresión, factor dos Sentimiento de pérdida, factor tres Inestabilidad, factor cuatro Pasión y factor cinco Cobardía y factor seis Amor). El coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach total fue de .90. Se puede concluir que se obtuvo una versión corta, práctica, válida, confiable y culturalmente relevante para adultos mexicanos.
Abstract The present study aims to develop the short version of one of the four subscales of the Multidimensional Inventory of Infidelity. The original Inventory includes a total of 155 items distributed in four subscales: infidelity behavior subscale; infidelity motivation subscale; associated conceptualization of infidelity subscale; and consequences of infidelity subscale. This study developed the short version of the conceptualization of infidelity subscale using a confirmatory factor analysis. The subscale has six dimensions, and for each dimension three items with the highest factor loadings were chosen. The 18 items were answered by 940 heterosexual adults with an exclusive partner, 458 men and 482 women. The results show a model that uses all the original six dimensions and has a good fit for GFI, AGFI, CFI, and RMSEA. Cronbach's alpha coefficient total was .90. It can be concluded that the obtained version is short, practical, valid, reliable and culturally relevant for Mexican adults. It can be concluded that the research successfully developed a short, practical, reliable, valid, and culturally relevant scale for Mexican adults.
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Objective To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Taizhou, and to provide evidence for conducting intervention on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods The demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and AIDS related knowledge of YMSM in Taizhou were investigated by the method of questionnaire survey from January to July in 2015, February to September in 2016, January to August in 2017, and January to August in 2018. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in everyone. Results A total of 432 YMSM were recruited, including 56 YMSM who had heterosexual behavior. 14.3% of YMSM who had heterosexual behavior never used condoms when having heterosexual behavior. 26.8% did not use condoms when having the last heterosexual behavior. The detection rates of HIV and syphilis were both 5.4%. No HCV positive person was found. The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 91.1%. In multivariate logistic regression, marital status and local residence time were influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among YMSM. Conclusions YMSM in Taizhou are at risk of spreading HIV and syphilis. Although the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge is better, there are still high-risk behavior such as commercial sex behavior and knowledge-practice separation such as not using condoms. It is necessary to promote intervention activities for safe sexual behavior, especially among YMSM who are married and live in the local areas for less than 2 years.
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Background: Although the risk of sexually transmitted infections is far greater during vaginal and anal sex than during oral sex, increasing practice of oral sex and low rates of barrier method use will probably increase the relative importance of oral sex as a route of transmission for genital pathogens. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes about oral sex and sexually transmitted infections, as well as oral sex practices, both among heterosexuals and homosexual men and to compare those two groups. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from consecutive sexually active male patients who ever had oral sex and who attended counselling for sexually transmitted infections at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade from March to June 2016. One dermatologist interviewed all participants. Results: The study included 359 men who ever had oral sex, 95 (26.5%) homosexual and 264 (73.5%) heterosexual men. In comparison with heterosexual men, homosexual men had considerably more lifetime sexual partners and oral sex partners during the past 3 months, and significantly more frequently practiced oral-anal sex. Oral-sex related knowledge of all participants was unsatisfactory [correct answers were given by 95 (26.5%) to 277 (77.2%) participants], but it was significantly better in homosexual men than in heterosexual. Frequency of condom use and human immunodeficiency virus testing was also significantly higher in the case of homosexual than heterosexual men. Limitations: The study was not performed in representative sample of population. It was restricted to the patients. Consequently it is questionable whether the results obtained could be generalized. Conclusion: Oral sex related knowledge deficits and risky oral sex practice exist in both homosexual and heterosexual men. These findings indicate a need for effective public health campaign and patient education about the risks of unprotected oral sex.
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Los padres de familia pueden ser los primeros en atemorizarse. Los amigos u otros familiares, como no les toca en carne propia, suelen ser o más objetivos o darse por no enterados. El niño o la niña con orientación sexual diversa sufre un tránsito de pesadillas con serias consecuencias, que se cocinan en las construcciones antropológicas y sociales de la sociedad. Los pediatras solemos evitar el tema por ignorancia o por prejuicios. Es la hora de romper estas cadenas.
Parents can be the first to be frightened. The friends or other family members, as they do not touch on their own, tend to be more objective or ignore them. The boy or the girl with diverse sexual orientation undergoes a transit of nightmares with serious consequences, which are cooked in the anthropological and social constructions of the society. Pediatricians usually avoid the subject through ignorance or prejudice. It's time to break these chains.
Subject(s)
Humans , SexismABSTRACT
Objective To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou,from 2015 to 2017.Methods Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system.Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission,between January 1,2015 and December 31,2017.Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected.x2 test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects.Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS.20 software used to analyze statistically.Results Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03％ (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017.Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases,those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83％ (708/1 393),and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17％ (685/1 393).Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309).Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084,61.81％),while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309,95.1％).Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as:female (aOR=48.25,95％ CI:26.94-88.44),＜30 year olds (aOR=2.43,95％CI:1.3 1-4.5 1),30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92,95％CI:1.11-3.33),40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80,95％ CI:1.08-3.00),married or unmarried (vs.divorced or widowed,aOR=1.57,95％CI:1.10-2.24;aOR=1.78,95％CI:1.15-2.78),high school and above of education level (vs.primary school and under of education level,aOR=1.82,95％ CI:1.18-2.80),administrative officers or employee (vs.farmers,aOR=2.03,95％ CI:1.04-l.91).Number of non-marital partners less than 5 (vs.number of non-marital partners more than 5,aOR=10.65,95％CI:6.41-17.42).Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017.Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender,age,marital status,educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
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Objective To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou,from 2015 to 2017.Methods Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system.Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission,between January 1,2015 and December 31,2017.Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected.x2 test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects.Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS.20 software used to analyze statistically.Results Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03％ (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017.Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases,those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83％ (708/1 393),and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17％ (685/1 393).Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309).Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084,61.81％),while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309,95.1％).Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as:female (aOR=48.25,95％ CI:26.94-88.44),＜30 year olds (aOR=2.43,95％CI:1.3 1-4.5 1),30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92,95％CI:1.11-3.33),40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80,95％ CI:1.08-3.00),married or unmarried (vs.divorced or widowed,aOR=1.57,95％CI:1.10-2.24;aOR=1.78,95％CI:1.15-2.78),high school and above of education level (vs.primary school and under of education level,aOR=1.82,95％ CI:1.18-2.80),administrative officers or employee (vs.farmers,aOR=2.03,95％ CI:1.04-l.91).Number of non-marital partners less than 5 (vs.number of non-marital partners more than 5,aOR=10.65,95％CI:6.41-17.42).Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017.Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender,age,marital status,educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
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Esta investigación tiene el propósito de evaluar y comparar a personas heterosexuales y homosexuales, con relaciones de pareja estables, respecto a los componentes de la teoría triangular del amor, tácticas de resolución de conflictos, ajuste con la pareja y bienestar psicológico. Participaron 157 adultos jóvenes chilenos, 77 homosexuales (30 lesbianas y 47 gays) y 80 heterosexuales (45 mujeres y 35 hombres). Se utilizaron la Escala de Ajuste Diádico, la Escala Triangular del Amor de Sternberg, la Flourishing Scale de Diener y el Conflict Resolution Style Inventory de Kurdek. Los resultados muestran algunas diferencias significativas en tácticas de resolución de conflicto, componentes del amor y ajuste en la pareja, según la orientación sexual; además existen diferencias entre las mujeres que conviven y no conviven.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare heterosexual and homosexual people who are in stable relationships, with respect to the components of the triangular theory of love: conflict resolution tactics, couple adjustment and psychological wellbeing. The participants were comosed of 157 young adults Chileans: 77 homosexuals (30 lesbians and 47 gay men) and 80 heterosexuals (45 women and 35 men). The instruments used were the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale, the Flourishing Scale of Diener and Conflict Resolution Style Inventory of Kurdek. The results show that there are significant differences in some conflict resolution tactics, components of love between partners, and couple adjustment according to sexual orientation. In addition, there are also differences between women living and not living with a partner.
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Objective@#The goal of this research was to understand the demographic distribution and related factors of non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission (non-commercial transmission) for HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).@*Methods@#Data related to HIV/AIDS infected by non-marital heterosexual transmission and whose present address was in Qian Dongnan, were collected from Information System on the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control. Information included demographic characteristics, the members of non-marital sex partners, transmission path, detection source, CD4+T lymphocyte level, et al. cases belong to homosexual history, injective drug use or non-classified non-marital heterosexuality transmission were excluded, totally collect HIV/AIDS 919 cases. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze potential factors associated with non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission. In addition, in March and June 2017, using a convenience sampling, we conducted one-to-one interviews among 10 HIV/AIDS who were infected by non-marital heterosexuality and had non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual experience in Kaili Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The content of the interview included basic information, sexual orientation, the main place of making friends and sexual behavior, attitude to commercial heterosexuality and non-martial and non-commercial heterosexuality and so on.@*Results@#Out of the 919 cases, 645 (70.2%) were male, the proportion of non-commercial transmission was 55.06% (506). The proportion of female HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 84.7% (232), which was higher than male (42.5%(274)) (χ2=138.35, P<0.001). The proportion of Han HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 61.5% (275), which was higher than other religion (52.2%(412)) (χ2=6.32, P=0.012). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who had 0-5 non-marital sexual partners was 58.8% (498), which was higher than who had>5 non-marital sexual partners (11.1%(8)) (χ2=61.10, P<0.001). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who lived mobile was 72.9% (94), which was higher than who lived fixedly (52.2%(412)) (χ2=19.34, P<0.001). Qualitative interviews results revealed that the age of the respondents were 22-69. Respondents whose ages are in 22-34 were more likely to use mobile phone (4/10) and respondents whose ages are in 35-69 were less likely to look partners through party and the context of working.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of cases being infected by non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Qian dongnan was higher than general national levels. The characteristics of sex, marriage status, migration, vocation, the members of non-marital sex partners were significant differed between commercial heterosexual transmission and non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar la relación entre los Esquemas Desadaptativos con la Dependencia Emocional en mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja heterosexual. Da cuenta de necesidades básicas y/o afectivas insatisfechas en la infancia, relaciones interpersonales, conductuales y afectivas fragmentadas, recurrentes a lo largo de la vida. El estudio se enmarca en el método cuantitativo en un inicio de tipo descriptivo, asimismo es de tipo correlacional puesto que trata de identificar si existe relación entre las dos variables. El diseño es no experimental dado que no manipula variables solo observa, con corte transversal, es decir la información se recolecta en un solo momento. La muestra fue de 40 mujeres voluntarias mayores de edad que presentan la característica de ser víctimas de violencia de pareja. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young (1995) y el Cuestionario de Dependencia emocional de Lemos y Londoño (2006). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una correlación positiva entre ambas variables según C. Pearson: ,582 con un nivel de significancia de 0,01 estos resultados reflejan que los esquemas desadaptativos se encuentran asociados con la dependencia emocional.
The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between Maladaptative Schemes with Emotional Dependency in women victims of heterosexual partner violence. It accounts for unmet basic and / or affective needs in childhood, fragmented interpersonal, behavioral and affective relationships, recurring throughout life. The study is framed in the quantitative method in a descriptive type, it is also correlational type since it tries to identify if there is a relationship between the two variables. The design is non experimental since it does not manipulate variables, it only observes, with a cross section, that is, the information is collected in a single moment. The sample was 40 women volunteers of legal age who present the characteristic of being victims of intimate partner violence. The Young Schema Questionnaire (1995) and the Lemos and Londoño (2006), Emotional Dependency Questionnaire were applied. The results obtained show a positive correlation between both variables according to C. Pearson: 582 with a significance level of 0.01 these results reflect that the maladaptive schemes are associated with emotional dependence.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre Esquemas Desadaptativos e Dependência Emocional em mulheres vítimas de violência por parceiro heterossexual. É responsável por necessidades básicas e/ou afetivas insatisfeitas na infância, relaçôes interpessoais fragmentadas, comportamentais e afetivas, recorrentes ao longo da vida. O estudo é enquadrado no método quantitativo em um tipo descritivo, é também do tipo correlacional, uma vez que tenta identificar se existe uma relação entre as duas varíaveis. O projeto é não experimental, pois não manipula varíaveis, apenas observa, com uma seção transversal, ou seja, as informaçôes são coletadas em um único momento. A amostra foi de 40 mulheres voluntárias em idade legal que apresentam a característica de serem vítimas de violência por parceiro íntimo. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Esquema de Young (1995), e o Questionário de Dependência Emocional de Lemos e Londoño (2006). Os resultados obtidos mostram uma correlação positiva entre as duas variáveis de acordó com o C. Pearson: ,582 com nível de significância de 0,01 resultados que refletem que os esquemas desadaptativos estão associados ao dependência emocional.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with late presentation to HIV/AIDS services among heterosexual men. METHODS Men infected by HIV who self-identified as heterosexual (n = 543) were included in the study. Descriptive, biivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with late presentation (defined as individuals whose first CD4 count was <350 cells/mm3) in the study population. RESULTS The prevalence of late presentation was 69.8%. The multivariate logistic analysis showed testing initiated by the provider (ORadjusted 3.75; 95%CI 2.45-5.63) increased the odds of late presentation. History of drug use (ORadjusted 0.59; 95%CI 0.38-0.91), history of having sexually transmitted infections (ORadjusted 0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), and having less education (ORadjusted 0.63; 95%CI 0.41-0.97) were associated with a decreased odds of LP. CONCLUSIONS Provider initiated testing was the only variable to increase the odds of late presentation. Since the patients in this sample all self-identified as heterosexual, it appears that providers are not requesting they be tested for HIV until the patients are already presenting symptoms of AIDS. The high prevalence of late presentation provides additional evidence to shift towards routine testing and linkage to care, rather than risk-based strategies that may not effectively or efficiently engage individuals infected with HIV.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Heterosexuality , Delayed Diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Attitude to Health , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Disease Progression , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Health Services Accessibility , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in perceived health status outcomes among heterosexual, homosexual (gay or lesbian), and bisexual Korean adolescents. Originally, in 2012, over 70,000 adolescents aged 12-18 years participated in the Eighth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS -VIII). However, only 11,829 adolescents provided information on their sexual experiences and behaviors, such as kissing, fondling, and sexual orientations, i.e., homosexual (gay or lesbian), bisexual, or heterosexual. Therefore, data from only 11,829 adolescents surveyed were analyzed using a one -way analysis of variance, with a Scheffe post-hoc test, to determine the differences in perceived health status outcomes among Korean adolescents of the different sexual orientation groups. Boys across all 3 groups showed significant differences in general health status (p = 0.004), happiness (p = 0.045), and getting sufficient sleep (p = 0.004). Further, Scheffe post-hoc comparisons of group mean scores revealed that homosexual (gay) boys had poorer overall health (p = 0.004) and bisexual boys had less sufficient sleep (p = 0.017); however, there were no significant differences in happiness between homosexual (gay) (p = 0.651) and bisexual boys (p = 0.064) as compared to heterosexual boys. Moreover, there were no significant differences in general body shape (p = 0.320) and oral health (p = 0.549) among the 3 groups we studied. Girls differed significantly in general body shape (p = 0.026) across all 3 groups in the results of the one-way ANOVA we performed. However, according to Scheffe post-hoc analyses, no significant differences existed in general body shape among girls in both the homosexual (lesbian) and bisexual groups (p = 0.112 and 0.204, respectively). Additionally, there were no significant differences in general health status (p = 0.113), happiness (p = 0.602), oral health (p = 0.290), and getting sufficient sleep (p = 0.481) among adolescent girls in all 3 groups. From these results, we concluded that, in general, homosexual (gay or lesbian) and bisexual Korean teens do not differ significantly from heterosexual Korean teens in perceived health status outcomes.
El propósito de este estudio fue examinar las diferencias en los resultados del estado de salud percibido entre adolescentes coreanos heterosexuales, homosexuales (gays o lesbianas) y bisexuales. Originalmente, en 2012, más de 70.000 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años participaron en la Octava Encuesta Coreana para la Juventud sobre comportamientos riesgosos (KYRBWS-VIII). Sin embargo, sólo 11.829 adolescentes proporcionaron información sobre sus experiencias sexuales y comportamientos, como los besos, las caricias, y orientaciones sexuales, es decir, homosexual (gay o lesbiana), bisexual o heterosexual. Por lo tanto, los datos de sólo 11.829 adolescentes encuestados fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza, con una prueba post-hoc de Scheffe, para determinar las diferencias en los resultados del estado de salud percibido entre los adolescentes coreanos de los diferentes grupos de orientación sexual. Jóvenes en todos los 3 grupos mostraron diferencias significativas en el estado de salud general (p = 0,004), la felicidad (p = 0,045), y dormir lo suficiente (p = 0,004). Además, las comparaciones de grupo post-hoc de Scheffe muestran las puntuaciones significativas que revelan que los homosexuales (gay) chicos tenían peor salud general (p = 0,004) y los chicos bisexuales presentaban una deficiencia en el sueño (p = 0,017); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en la felicidad entre homosexual (Gay) (p = 0,651) y chicos bisexuales (p = 0,064) en comparación con los niños heterosexuales. Por otra parte, no hubo diferencias significativas en la forma general del cuerpo (p = 0,320) y la salud oral (p = 0,549) entre los 3 grupos estudiados. Las niñas difieren significativamente en la forma del cuerpo general (p = 0,026) en todos los 3 grupos en los resultados de la ANOVA de una vía. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con el análisis post-hoc de Scheffe, no existen diferencias significativas en forma general del cuerpo de las niñas, tanto en el homosexual (lesbiana) y bisexuales (p = 0,112 y 0,204, respectivamente). Además, no hubo diferencias significativas en el estado de salud general (p = 0,113), la felicidad (p = 0,602), la salud oral (p = 0,290), y dormir lo suficiente (p = 0,481) entre las adolescentes en los 3 grupos. A partir de estos resultados, se concluye que, en general, los adolescentes homosexuales (gays o lesbianas) y bisexuales de Corea no difieren significativamente de los adolescentes coreanos heterosexuales en los resultados del estado de salud percibido.
Subject(s)
Health , Homosexuality, Female , Sexual and Gender MinoritiesABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing patterns of HIV transmission through heterosexual contact since 2008,and to project the influences of heterosexual transmission mode on the HIV epidemic in China.Methods Demographic data and history of exposure in newly identified HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older,through heterosexual transmission mode from 2008 to 2014,were collected and analyzed.Results The number of HIV/AIDS cases caused by heterosexual transmission increased from 23 402 in 2008,to 68 671 in 2014.The proportion of heterosexual transmission mode increased from 8.7％ in 2008 to 66.4％ in 2014.Among these cases,the proportion of males increased from 55.3％ in 2008 to 68.2％ in 2014.Among those who reported acquiring HIV through heterosexual contact,the proportion of cases through extra-marital sexual acts out of all the newly report ones,increased from 78.2％ in 2008 to 88.2％ in 2014.This mode of infection accounted for 85.2％ in the age 15 to 49 years group,comparing to 84.2％ in the age group of 50 years old or above.The proportion of reported HIV infections through extra-marital sexual acts appeared 93.8％ on males while 69.0％ on females,with statistically significant difference (x2=36 000.000,P＜0.001).Conclusion As the predominant factor of HIV/AIDS epidemic,currently in China,heterosexual transmission showed diversities in different sub-epidemic areas,gender or age groups.Tailored strategies were urgently needed for health education and high-risk behavioral intervention,according to the local epidemic driven factors,respectively.