ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: El elevado costo del tratamiento sustitutivo de la enfermedad renal crónica representa un reto para los sistemas de salud y la exigencia de la calidad del agua de la hemodiálisis aumenta con el transcurso de la historia de la hemodiálisis. Objetivo: identificar los indicadores microbiológicos del agua para hemodiálisis ambulatoria. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de resultados microbiológicos de 150 muestras de agua de la planta de hemodiálisis ambulatoria del Instituto de Nefrología "Dr. Abelardo Buch López" en el periodo de enero de 2019 a abril de 2020. Las muestras se analizaron en el laboratorio de microbiología de agua del Instituto de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, La Habana, mediante métodos descritos en el texto. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De las muestras de agua analizadas 92 % (n=138) fueron microbiológicamente satisfactorias, 8 % (n=12) que no cumplieron los requisitos se registraron en los primeros seis meses del año 2019. En la totalidad de los informes de positividad o alerta, se procedió a la limpieza y desinfección del sistema de tratamiento. No se comprobó presencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en las muestras. No hubo incidencia de infecciones asociadas con el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. La determinación de endotoxinas no se realizó en el período. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los informes microbiológicos recibidos en el período de estudio cumplieron las normas establecidas. La vigilancia de la calidad del agua para hemodiálisis permite la ejecución de acciones preventivas, lo cual es determinante en el proceso de diálisis y para la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The high cost of replacement therapy for chronic kidney disease poses a challenge to the health systems, and a better quality of the water for hemodialysis is required over time. Objective: To identify the microbiological indicators of the water for outpatient hemodialysis Methods: A descriptive study based on the microbiological results of 150 samples of water from the outpatient hemodialysis water station at the Institute of Nephrology "Dr. Abelardo Buch López", from January 2019 to April 2020. Samples were analyzed in the water microbiology laboratory at the Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Havana by methods described in the text. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: Of the water simples analyzed, 92% (n=138) were microbiologically satisfactory, 8% (n=12) did not meet the requirements and were registered in the first half of 2019. In the event of a positivity or alert report, the treatment system was all cleaned and disinfected in each case. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not identified in the samples. No infection was associated with the hemodialysis treatment. Endotoxin determination was not performed in this period. Conclusions: Most of the microbiological reports received during the study period met the established standards. Monitoring the quality of water for hemodialysis allows the implementation of preventive measures that are critical for the dialysis process and the quality of life of the patients.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT@#This study aims to evaluate the optimum duration of flushing dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dental polyclinics for removal of heterotrophic bacteria. Water samples were obtained from triple air syringes at each dental chair from oral surgery clinic, outpatient clinic and polyclinic 17 at Faculty of Dentistry, USIM after 16 and 64 hours of not operating the dental units as baseline samples. This is followed by sampling after continuous flushing at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes of flushing duration. The levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for each flushing duration were determined by quantification of colony forming units (CFUs) after cultivation of samples on plate count agar (PCA), R2A agar and 5% sheep blood agar (SBA). Statistically, there was no significant reduction in CFUs of HPC for all flushing duration compared to baseline (P > 0.05) with the most notable HPC reducing level after 1 minute and 3 minutes of flushing DUWLs. However, HPC level at USIM dental clinics is still exceeding the recommendation by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which should be less than 500 CFU/mL. The existing method of controlling DUWLs contamination in USIM dental clinics is only by flushing DUWLs 1 minute every morning prior to dental treatment as recommended by Malaysian Dental Council (MDC) without the use of chemical germicides. Thus, the flushing method alone is not reliable to reduce the number of microorganisms in the DUWLs.