Application of heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction in emergency department nursing teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction in nursing teaching in emergency department.Methods:A total of 80 nursing students assigned to the Emergency Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2019 to October 2020 were divided into control group and research group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group used traditional teaching, and the research group used heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction. At the end of the practice, the teaching effect was evaluated through the examination results (theoretical examination and scenario simulation practice skills examination) and questionnaire survey of teaching quality and teaching satisfaction. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The theoretical examination scores [(93.20±2.88) vs. (90.53±3.06)] and the practical skill examination scores (basic operation examination, specialized operation examination and comprehensive quality) of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The overall situation of teaching quality and teaching satisfaction of nursing students in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction is helpful to improve the theoretical knowledge, practical skills, operation level and comprehensive quality of nursing students, and has good popularization value in clinical nursing teaching.

Evaluación de usabilidad de sitios web de bibliotecas de universidades públicas chilenas a partir del método SIRIUS / Usability evaluation of chilean academic public library web sites using the SIRIUS method

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una evaluación heurística de usabilidad aplicada a 17 sitios web de bibliotecas de universidades públicas chilenas, a través del método SIRIUS, "Sistema de Evaluación de la Usabilidad Web Orientado al Usuario y Basado en la Determinación de Tareas Críticas". Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la pauta fija de SIRIUS que contiene 10 heurísticas subdivididas en un total de 83 sub-heurísticas evaluadas por cinco personas expertas con conocimiento en sitios web de bibliotecas y usabilidad. Los resultados indican que las bibliotecas universitarias mejor evaluadas presentan buenos mecanismos de rotulado, layout (diseño) y facilidad de interacción, mientras que, en su conjunto, los sitios web carecen de ayudas de navegación para las personas usuarias. Finalmente, se concluye que la evaluación heurística es un método válido, rápido, fácil y aplicable en sitios web de bibliotecas universitarias, siempre y cuando se definan adecuadamente las personas expertas y las heurísticas. Asimismo, SIRIUS resulta una herramienta adecuada al contar con una pauta fija que permite obtener evaluaciones con rapidez y facilitar la comparación de sus resultados.

Abstract This article presents the results of a heuristic usability evaluation applied to 17 websites of libraries of public chilean universities, using the SIRIUS method "System of Web Usability Evaluation, User Oriented and Based on the Determination of Critical Tasks" For data collection, SIRIUS fixed guideline was used, which contains 10 heuristics that are subdivided into a total of 83 sub-heuristics evaluated by 5 experts with knowledge about libraries and usability websites. The results indicate that the best evaluated university libraries have good labeling mechanisms, layout and ease of interaction, while, as a whole, the websites lack navigation aids for their users. Finally, it is concluded that heuristic evaluation is a valid, fast, easy and applicable method in university library websites, as long as experts and heuristics are properly defined. Likewise, SIRIUS is an adequate tool since it has a fixed guideline that allows evaluations to be obtained quickly and to facilitate the comparison of its results.

The value of diversifying blackboard writing in college education: taking Biochemistry teaching as an example / 生物工程学报

Blackboard writing undertakes the dual task of knowledge transmission and classroom culture inheritance. Well-designed blackboard writing will not only help students to better memorize, understand and construct knowledge framework, but also create a serious but lively classroom atmosphere, strengthen the soul of moral education in the classroom, leading to improved quality of education. Taking the practice of blackboard writing in teaching the Biochemistry course as an example, the authors categorized the blackboard writing approaches according to the teaching objectives to be achieved, and discussed the necessity and application scope of each type of blackboard writing approach in the multimedia era. Our goal was to make blackboard writing, a conventional teaching approach, play an important role in the new era of classroom education.

The evaluation of application effect of heuristic teaching rounds in cardiovascular disease / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective The "heuristic" teaching rounds were applied to cardiovascular diseases and we observed the application effect . Methods From January to March 2017, 56 resident physicians at internal medicine base in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 28 people of each group. The experimental group mainly adopted heuristic teaching rounds, and the control group adopted conventional teaching rounds. Interview method was used to interview the instructors , resident physicians , doctors and nurses in preparation for teaching rounds, the implementation process, the expected goals and effects. 56 resident physicians evaluated the preparation, guidance process, guidance methods and outcomes of ward rounds. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis, and rank sum test was used for evaluation results. Results As to the familiarity of the instructor on the condition (82.15％vs. 30.86％), guiding the training of humanistic care (92.86％ vs. 39.29％), physical examination (96.43％ vs. 28.57％), analysis of auxiliary examination (85.71％vs. 35.71％), writing medical records (85.72％ vs. 14.29％), summarizing the characteristics of cases (78.57％vs. 35.71％), diagnosis and differential diagnosis (85.71％vs. 21.43％), treatment plan making (85.71％vs. 25.00％), question formulation (89.29％vs. 30.72％), explanation of difficult problems and new progress ( 78 . 57％ vs . 17 . 86％) , content summary ( 92 . 85％ vs . 28 . 58％) the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. In the experimental group, the teaching rounds of communication (96.43％vs. 46.43％), history acquisition techniques (85.72％vs. 21.43％), examination techniques (92.86％vs. 28.57％), clinical thinking (92.86％ vs. 28.57％), learning interests (96.43％ vs. 25.00％) and efficiency (85.71％ vs. 14.28％), the understanding and memory of knowledge (85.72％ vs. 28.57％), the problem solving ability (89.29％ vs. 21.43％), improvement of team collaboration (67.86％ vs. 28.57％) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The "heuristic" teaching rounds attached great importance to preparation before and after class, focusing on resident physicians' active participation and teamwork, integrating humanistic care and communication skills, giving full play to the resident physicians motivation so as to ensure their efficient learning.

The Neuroid revisited: A heuristic approach to model neural spike trains

AbstractIntroduction: Since it was introduced in 2012, the Neuroid has been used to aid in understanding how functionally different neural populations contribute to sensory information processing. However, insights about whether this neuron-model could perform better than others or about when its utilization should be considered have not been provided yet. Methods In an attempt to address this issue, a comparison between the Neuroid and the leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) model in terms of accuracy and computational cost was performed. Both models were tested for different stimulation amplitudes and stimulation periods, with time step sizes ranging from 10-4 to 1 ms. Results It was found that, although the Neuroid was able to produce more accurate results than its original version, its accuracy was lower than the achieved with the LIF model solved by the forward Euler method. On the other hand, the Neuroid performed its calculations in an amount of time significantly lower (Mulfactorial ANOVA test, p < 0.05) than that required by the LIF model when it was solved by using the forward Euler method. Moreover, it was possible to use Neuroid-based networks to replicate biologically relevant firing patterns produced by low-scale networks composed of more detailed neuron-models. Conclusion Results suggest that the Neuroid could be an interesting choice when computational resources are limited, although its use might be restricted to a narrow band of applications.

Dermeval Saviani e a centralidade ontológica do trabalho na formação do "homem novo", artífice da sociedade socialista / Dermeval Saviani and the ontological centrality of work for building the "New Man", maker of the socialist society / Dermeval Saviani y la centralidad ontológica del trabajo en la formación del "hombre nuevo", artífice de la sociedad socialista

O presente texto explicita a centralidade ontológica do trabalho no conjunto da obra do filósofo e educador Dermeval Saviani. A concepção materialista da história, o método dialético de compreensão da realidade humana e o sentido da ação política se fundamentam na atividade vital do trabalho e como este se define nas relações sociais de produção material da existência, ao longo do tempo. Ao fim, analisa-se a visão exegética e heurística de "novas" críticas do pensamento do autor.(AU)

This paper states the ontological centrality of work across the research done by Dermeval Saviani, philosopher and educator. The materialist conception of history, the dialectical method of understanding human reality and the meaning of political action are all based, throughout history, on the crucial human activity of work and the way it is defined by social relations of material production of existence conditions through time. Finally, the paper analyzes the exegetical and heuristic view of 'new' critiques of the author's thoughts.(AU)

Este texto deja explícita la centralidad ontológica del trabajo en el conjunto de la obra del filósofo y educador Dermeval Saviani. La concepción materialista de la historia, el método dialéctico de comprensión de la realidad humana y el sentido de la acción política se fundamentan en la actividad vital del trabajo y en cómo este se define en las relaciones sociales de producción material de la existencia en el transcurso del tiempo. Al final, se analiza la visión exegética y heurística de "nuevas" críticas del pensamiento del autor.(AU)

Analysis of the volatile oil in fructus lycii(Lycium barbarum L.) by GC-MS and HELP method / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technology combined with Heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) method were used to qualitatively analyze the volatile oil of fructus lycii (Lycium barbarumL.)Methods With the best temperature-programmed chromatographic condition, overlapping peaks among the total ion chromatogram were separated. Then an automatic mass spectral deconvolution and identification system (AMDIS) was used to identify volatile components comprehensively. Finally, the pure chromatographic peaks were matched with NIST 05a mass spectra library for giving the precise qualitative result. Results Totally, 29 compounds in fructus lycii (Lycium barbarum L.) were identified accurately.Conclusions Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis method, the new established method which GC-MS technology combined with HELP could get tremendous advantages. It not merely enhanced the accuracy of identification but also solved the bottleneck of handling the inseverable compounds.

Freud e o programa científico kantiano / Freud and Kant's scientific program

Executando uma tarefa da assim chamada filosofia da psicanálise, neste artigo investigamos o que se pode chamar de estatuto epistemológico da metapsicologia de Freud. O fazemos tomando como referente a distinção kantiana entre ciência genuína e não genuína, além de sua consideração acerca das possibilidades de construção da psicologia enquanto ciência empírica. O resultado consistiu na identificação do ponto de vista dinâmico, adotado por Freud, como um procedimento de ordem convencional e heurística, especialmente quanto à noção de força psíquica presente em seu conceito de Trieb - fato esse que permitiu compreender a psicologia profunda de Freud como um produto bem-sucedido do programa científico kantiano.

Performing a task of the so-called philosophy of psychoanalysis, in this article we investigate what might be called the epistemological statute of metapsychology by Freud. It is done by taking as reference Kant's distinction between genuine and non-genuine science, as well as his consideration on the possibilities of constructing psychology as an empirical science. The result consisted in identifying the dynamic point of view, adopted by Freud, as a procedure of conventional and heuristic order, especially the notion of psychic force present in his concept of Trieb. This made it possible to understand Freud's depth psychology as a successful product of Kant's scientific program.

Researcher experience as an instrument of investigation of a phenomenon: An example of heuristic research / A experiência do pesquisador como instrumento na investigação de um fenômeno: um exemplo de pesquisa heurística

Heuristic investigation, one of the lesser-known qualitative research methods in Brazil, is presented as a phenomenological research design in an empirical study investigating the experience of singing. This article describes the six phases of the heuristic method: initial engagement, immersion, incubation, illumination, explication, and creative synthesis. The method was developed by Clark Moustakas (1923-2012), an American clinical psychologist who, together with other renowned scholars such as Carl R. Rogers and Abraham H. Maslow, also contributed to the birth of Humanistic Psychology. The heuristic inquiry is a unique method in which the lived experience of the researcher becomes the main focus of the study, and it is used as an instrument in the process of understanding a given phenomenon. This method recognizes the importance of intuition and tacit knowledge as elements that enable comprehending a phenomenon and its meanings.

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o método heurístico como um modo fenomenológico de pesquisar a partir de um estudo realizado sobre a experiência de cantar. Descreve as seis fases que devem guiar o pesquisador: engajamento inicial, imersão, incubação, iluminação, explicação e síntese criativa. Clark Moustakas (1923-2012), psicólogo clínico norte-americano que desenvolveu essa estratégia metodológica, contribuiu para o surgimento da Psicologia Humanista, juntamente com expoentes como Carl R. Rogers e Abraham H. Maslow. O método heurístico é singular por valorizar o envolvimento da experiência do pesquisador como instrumento na busca pela compreensão do fenômeno em foco. Reconhece a importância da intuição e do conhecimento tácito como elementos que possibilitam revelar a natureza do fenômeno e seus significados.

The application of situational heuristic teaching method in the teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective Aiming at the characteristics of the course of acupuncture and massage,to discuss the application of Situational heuristic teaching.Methods 60 undergraduate students in Grade Four of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (clinical practice) were even divided into 2 groups,that was situational teaching group (the experimental group) and the traditional teaching group (control group).The students in the experimental group received basic theory course of 30 hours,60 hours in the course of situational teaching.The clinical cases of teaching were carefully designed according to the simulated hospital scene in each chapter,including large cases,acupuncture and massage therapy program,which were conducted between teachers and students through interactive and positive research and other forms.In the control group the teachers taught the content to students in class for full 90 hours in accordance with the requirements of the teaching syllabus.Taking objective theoretical examination,subjective questionnaire survey,and subjective clinical return visit questionnaire scores as indicators the difference of the two kinds of teaching methods were compared and statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0 software,chi square test and t test.Results By comparison of objective theoretical examination results of two groups of subjects,the number of good students in the experimental group was 10,and the number of outstanding students was 7,with an average of (80.63 ± 1.35) points.In the control group,the number of good students was 9,the number of outstanding students was 6,with the average score of (80.54 ± 1.32),and the average score of the objective theory test scores were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The learning satisfaction of the students in the experimental group was (3.91 ± 0.29).Students in the experimental group thought situation heuristic teaching was conducive to professional development (3.23 ± 0.39),to improving the learning quality (3.68 ± 0.72),clinical thinking culture (4.11 ± 0.24),clinical ability (3.72 ± 0.27),clinical physician-patient communication skills (3.28 ± 0.79),basic clinical skills (3.48 ± 0.42) points,with teaching satisfaction (4.19 ± 0.25),which were all higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Situational heuristic teaching method is better than the traditional teaching method in stimulating students' learning enthusiasm,innovation ability,cultivating professional interest and cultivating students' clinical practice ability.The teaching practice of teachers should give full play to the advantages of the method and improve the teaching effect,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

In silico investigation of agonist activity of a structurally diverse set of drugs to hPXR using HM-BSM and HM-PNN / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) plays a critical role in the metabolism, transport and clearance of xenobiotics in the liver and intestine. The hPXR can be activated by a structurally diverse of drugs to initiate clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. In this article, in silico investigation was performed on a structurally diverse set of drugs to identify critical structural features greatly related to their agonist activity towards hPXR. Heuristic method (HM)-Best Subset Modeling (BSM) and HM-Polynomial Neural Networks (PNN) were utilized to develop the linear and non-linear quantitative structure-activity relationship models. The applicability domain (AD) of the models was assessed by Williams plot. Statistically reliable models with good predictive power and explain were achieved (for HM-BSM, r (2)=0.881, q LOO (2) =0.797, q EXT (2) =0.674; for HM-PNN, r (2)=0.882, q LOO (2) =0.856, q EXT (2) =0.655). The developed models indicated that molecular aromatic and electric property, molecular weight and complexity may govern agonist activity of a structurally diverse set of drugs to hPXR.

Practice of primary trauma care training system for undergraduate teaching reform in anesthesiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The teaching team of undergraduates of anesthesiology in Anhui Medical University applied the primary trauma care system of encourage, heuristic teaching and practical teaching to further deepen the educational reform and improve teaching quality for undergraduate education.They designed the diversified section such as drills, discussion, teaching, questions, feedback and so on, implemented the simulation training of anesthesia crisis management skills and completed the feedback evaluation of comprehensive ability before and after the teaching, and then achieved the effect of improving the actual operation ability and clinical thinking capacity of students.So it is a good method and worth extending.

Application of heuristic teaching in film-reading session of radiology education for medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective to probe the potential application and advantages of heuristic method in the film-reading session of Imaging Radiology.Methods 66 eight-year program clinical medical juniors in the grade of 2008 to 2010 in Beijing University were selected as the subject and were evenly divided into two groups.Experimental group(n=33) was taught with heuristic method,in which the teacher ask questions and lead the students to find the way to solve problems in the way of clinical thinking mode.Control group(n=33) was taught with didactic method.The analysis of final examination of radiology course and an anonymous questionnaire survey were carried out at the end of semester,and the questionnaire survey to the students in grade 2008 and 2009 was conducted again after 1 years of their clinical practice.Results The score of students in experimental group were higher than those of control group (P=0.015,0.001,0.026 for the students in the grade of 2008,2009 and 2010 seperately).The two survey shows that the experimental group is better than the control group in the aspects of learning interest,clinical thinking ability,clinical application ability,solving difficult problem ability and language expression ability.Conclusion In the medical imaging practice teaching for clinical medical specialty undergraduate,the reasonable application of heuristic teaching,helps to improve students' learning enthusiasm and initiative,helps to cultivate medical students' ability of clinical application,and at the same time,can also improve teachers' teaching level.

Aprendizaje de clases de equivalencia de redes bayesianas basado en búsqueda competitiva de hormigas artificiales / Learning of bayesian networks equivalence classes based on competitive search of artificial ants

Este artículo propone un algoritmo de aprendizaje de clases de equivalencia de redes bayesianas basado en un algoritmo de búsqueda Greedy y modelos de búsqueda inspirados en hormigas competitivas. Específicamente para el algoritmo propuesto, se obtuvo una mejor aproximación entre la red predicha y la red bayesiana teórica de ejemplo ASIA, con respecto a algoritmos anteriores, para conjuntos de datos con 20 y 500 muestras. En promedio el algoritmo desarrollado obtuvo una aproximación con respecto a la distancia estructural de hamming de 10.7% y 5.3% menor comparada con la obtenida por los algoritmos Greedy y de colonia de hormigas (ACO-E) respectivamente para 20 muestras, y de hasta el 6.8% menor con respecto al algoritmo ACO-E para 500 muestras. Además, para 500 muestras el número de llamadas a la función de puntaje realizadas por el algoritmo propuesto fue menor que las realizadas por el algoritmo ACO-E en el 90% de las combinaciones, concluyendo que hubo una reducción de la complejidad computacional. Finalmente se presentan los resultados de la aplicación del algoritmo propuesto a un microarreglo obtenido por muestras de pacientes con Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA) con 6 nuevas interacciones con dependencias estadísticas como potenciales interacciones biológicas con alta probabilidad.

This article proposes an algorithm for learning equivalence classes of Bayesian networks based on a Greed search algorithm and search patterns inspired by competitive ants. Specifically, for the proposed algorithm, we obtained a better approximation between the predicted network and the theoretical network ASIA with respect to previous algorithms for data sets with 20 and 500 samples. On average, the algorithm developed an approximation with respect to Structural Hamming Distance of 10.7% and 5.3% lower than Greedy algorithms and ACO-E respectively to 20 samples, and up to 6.8% lower tan ACO-E algorithm for 500 samples. Furthermore, for 500 samples the number of calls to the scoring function performed by the algorithm proposed was smaller than in the ACO-E algorithm in 90% of the combinations, concluding that there was a reduction in the computational complexity. Finally, we present the results of applying the proposed algorithm to a microarray samples obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 6 new interactions with statistical dependencies as potential biological interactions with high probability.

Análise de Cluster e Análise Heurística na construção de uma tipologia de alcoolistas / Cluster Analysis and Heuristic Analysis in building a typology of alcoholics

Objetivos Desenvolver e avaliar uma tipologia binária de alcoolistas. Métodos Analisados registros de 329 alcoolistas acompanhados em estudo prospectivo e observacional. Análise de Correspondência foi aplicada para selecionar o menor número de variáveis capazes de representar a máxima variabilidade dos sujeitos; Análise de Cluster para identificar dois subtipos; e Análise Heurística para organizar as variáveis selecionadas em grupos de sentido. Análises Bivariadas foram utilizadas para testar possíveis associações com 51 variáveis demográficas ou clinicamente relevantes. Resultados A Análise de Correspondência selecionou 20 variáveis, posteriormente categorizadas em três grupos de sentidos por meio de Análise Heurística: “comportamentos”, “crenças” e “sentimentos”. Os pacientes do subgrupo 1 possuem perfil de maior gravidade clínica, psicopatológica e social. Sentimentos e crenças identificados se associaram a variáveis de consumo e recaída e os comportamentos com repercussão social. Conclusões Os resultados deste estudo permitem supor que a tipologia aqui apresentada possa contribuir para o tratamento desses subtipos de alcoolistas identificados por meio de estratégias teórico-práticas adaptadas às necessidades desses sujeitos. .

Objectives To develop and to describe a binary typology of alcoholics. Methods Data derived from 329 patients followed in an observational study. Correspondence Analysis was applied to identify the least number of variables capable of representing the maximum variability of the subjects; Cluster Analysis was performed to identify two subgroups; and Heuristic Analysis performed with the objective of organizing the variables into groups of meaning. Bivariate Analyses were used to test possible associations of Clusters to 51 variables – demographic or of clinical relevance. Results Correspondence Analysis derived 20 variables, afterwards categorized into three groups of meaning through Heuristic Analysis: “behaviors”, “beliefs” and “feelings”. The results indicate that subgroup 1 patients present a more severe clinical, psychopathological and social profile. Identified feelings and beliefs were associated to drinking and relapsing variables, and behaviors to social repercussions. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the typology here presented may contribute to the treatment of these alcoholics subtypes by means of therapeutic strategies adapted to the identified characteristics of each subgroup of patients. .

Usabilidad de los sitios Web, los métodos y las técnicas para la evaluación / Usability of Web sites, methods and evaluation techniques

En la sociedad actual es incuestionable la relevancia de la Web, y existe una gran variedad de sitios web que brindan servicio a los usuarios. En este contexto, la usabilidad juega un papel primordial en el proceso de desarrollo de sitios web de éxito. En este artículo se revisan diferentes definiciones sobre la disciplina usabilidad, su incorporación en el proceso de ingeniería (ingeniería de la usabilidad) y su relación con la ingeniería de software, sus atributos y métodos de evaluación. Se presentan las consideraciones sobre el sistema de evaluación de la usabilidad Web orientado al usuario y basado en la determinación de tareas críticas (SIRIUS revisado por las autoras)

In the present society, the relevance of the Web is unquestionable and there is a great variety of Web sites that offer services to users. In this context, usability plays a fundamental role in the process of developing successful Web sites. In this article we review different definitions about the discipline of usability, its incorporation in the engineering process (usability engineering) and its relation to software engineer, as well as its attributes and evaluation methods. The considerations about the evaluation system of the Web usability are also presented, advising the user and basing it in the establishment of critical tasks (SIRIUS, reviewed by the authors)

Application of problem-based learning combined with heuristic teaching in clinical clerkship teaching of neurology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Clerkship teaching of neurology is one of the important contents in clinical neurological teaching.Application of problem-based learning in combination with heuristic teaching can mobilize the initiative of students,enlighten their thoughts,arouse their flexibility and creativity and deepen the understanding of knowledge so as to achieve the purpose of improving clinical teaching effects.

Application of heuristic teaching in medical psychology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the teaching effect of heuristic teaching in medical psychology teaching.Methods Totally 104 students (2010 grade higher vocational nursing class) were divided into experiment group (n=52) and control group (n=52).Heuristic teaching model and conventional teaching model were applied respectively.t test was used to compare the final exam scores of two groups; self-made evaluation sheet was used to evaluate the teaching effect and x2 test was employed to compare the results between two groups,with P＜0.05 standing for statistical significance.Results Final exam scores of experiment group (87.48 ± 3.18) was better than control group (81.43 ± 4.89) (P=0.016).Teaching evaluation was better in experiment group than in control group.Conclusions Heuristic teaching is helpful in improving students' study enthusiasm and training their scientific thinking.

La solución de problemas cognitivos en estudiantes de psicología / Cognitive problem-solving in psychology students / Solução de problemas cognitivos em estudantes psicologia

En este trabajo se analiza la solución de problemas en estudiantes de psicología, en aspectos cognitivos y sociocognitivos. El objetivo es analizar el método de formación de dichos estudiantes en procesos de solución de problemas, el cual se realiza mediante el desarrollo de tres tareas cognitivas: pensamiento productivo (creativo), estrategias heurísticas en juego y entretenimientos matemáticos, y situación estructurante en conflictos sociocognitivos. Las bases teóricas son la psicología histórico-cultural, la ciencia cognitiva computacional y la psicología social cognitiva. El trabajo comprende tres etapas: pretest, sesiones de intervención (situación experimental) y postest. En el pretest - postest se evalúan los estados inicial y final. En las sesiones de intervención se aplican, a saber: el método de la mediación instrumental (instrumentos materiales, semióticos y otros sujetos); el procedimiento heurístico "análisis-medios-fines"; las conceptualizaciones sobre conflicto estructurante o creativo de una actividad cognitiva, y la zona de desarrollo próximo. Los resultados de la investigación se presentan en las llamadas Tablas de Contingencia, en donde se observan la actividad, el desarrollo y el avance de los estudiantes en las tareas cognitivas.

This paper analyzes problem solving in psychology students on cognitive and social-cognitive aspects. The objective is to examine the method whereby these students are educated in problem-solving processes through the development of three cognitive tasks: productive thinking (creative), heuristic strategies in mathematical games and entertainment, and structuring situation in socio-cognitive conflict. The theoretical foundations are cultural-historical psychology, cognitive computational science and cognitive social psychology. The work comprises three stages: pre-test, intervention sessions (experimental condition) and post-test. In the pre-test - post-test the initial and final states are assessed. The intervention sessions involve, namely, the method of instrumental mediation (material tools, semiotic instruments and other subjects), the heuristic procedure "means-end-analysis", the conceptualizations on structuring or creative conflict of a cognitive activity, and the proximal development zone. Research results are presented in the so-called Contingency Tables, where the activity, development and progress of students in cognitive tasks can be observed.

Neste artigo se analisa a solução de problemas cognitivos e sócio-cognitivos nos alunos de psicologia. O objetivo é analisar o método de formação desses alunos nos processos de resolução de problemas, através do desenvolvimento de três tarefas cognitivas: pensamento produtivo (criativo), estratégias heurísticas em jogos e entretenimentos matemáticos, e situação na estruturação de conflitos sócio-cognitivos. Os fundamentos teóricos são a psicologia histórico-cultural, a ciência cognitiva de computação e a psicologia social cognitiva. O trabalho compreende três etapas: pré-teste, sessões de intervenção (condição experimental) e pós-teste. No estado inicial e no final se avaliam na primeira e na terceira etapas. As sessões de intervenção utilizam o método de mediação instrumental (instrumentos materiais, semióticos e outros sujetos), o procedimento heurístico de "análise meios-fins", as conceituações de conflito estruturante o criativo de uma atividade cognitiva, e a zona de desenvolvimento proximal. Os resultados da pesquisa são apresentados nas tabelas de contingência, onde se observam a atividade, o desenvolvimento e o progresso dos alunos em tarefas cognitivas.

Attempt to use heuristic teaching to cultivate students' ideation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Heuristic teaching is propitious to cultivating students' ideation. We have used different heuristic modes for example problems, stories, contrast, associationin and so on to cultivate medical students' ideation in pathobiology and immunology teaching and acquired good effect.