Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Higher Fungi from Oyo State, South West of Nigeria

Higher-fungi (Hf) of the polypore mushrooms are considered to have unique secondary metabolites, making them reservoirs of therapeutically significant bioactive compounds. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Hf were accessed in this study. Four Hf, which were found in several wild locations in Oyo state, Nigeria, were collected. At the University of Ibadan Botany Department Laboratory, the species of the four Hf were determined. In-vitro antioxidant activity were assessed using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays using methanol extracts of air-dried and powdered Hf. Results were presented as Mean SEM, graphs were created in Excel, one-way ANOVA was used for the analysis, and p ?0.05 was regarded as significant. These Hf were identified as Lycoperdon rimlatum (Lr) FFUI1, Trametes versicolor (Tv) FFUI2, Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) FFUI3, and Daedelia quarcina (Dq) FFUI4 and were recorded on the NCBI with accession numbers EU833664.1, JQ621899, JQ520179.1 and KP171209.1, respectively. All the Hf showed positive tests for the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, carbohydrate,tannin and flavonoids. The Hf showed antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH inhibition was by Tv (94.48%), FRAP was by Gl (0.16 mg/g) and H2O2 inhibition was by Lr (70.90%). The antioxidant activities observed were due to the presence of useful phytochemicals making them therapeutically significant.

Relationship between Climatic Factors and the Distribution of Higher Fungi in Byeonsanbando National Park, Korea

From April 2009 to October 2011, we surveyed the higher fungi in the Byeonsanbando National Park, Korea. In total, we identified 2 kingdoms, 3 divisions, 7 classes, 22 orders, 63 families, 149 genera, and 313 species (including 6 undocumented taxa: 2 families, 2 genera, and 2 species). Seventeen 17 orders, 49 families, 128 genera, and 286 species belonged to Basidiomycota; 7 orders, 9 families, 15 genera, and 21 species were of Ascomycota; and 4 orders, 5 families, 6 genera, and 6 species of primordial fungi. Among the Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes were represented by 47 families, 126 genera, and 282 species. The most common fungi were Boletaceae (33 species), followed by Russulaceae (30), Agaricaceae (27), and Amanitaceae (24). Various species of most of the higher fungi occurred during periods with average temperatures of 23~24.9degrees C, maximum temperatures of 28~31.9degrees C, minimum temperatures of 22~23.9degrees C, > 82% relative humidity, and > 200 mm precipitation.

Eight Unrecorded Higher Fungi Identified at the Korea National Arboretum

A total of 560 higher fungal specimens were collected in the Gwangneung Forest from May to November of 2007. All of the collected specimens were identified; categorized into 8 classes, 19 orders, 69 families, 165 genera, and 296 species; and deposited in the herbarium of the Korea National Arboretum. Of the identified specimens, 8 were confirmed as being new to Korea and are as follows: Cudoniella acicularis (Korean name: Jeombakisotugubeoseos), Discina ancilis (Korean name: Jomwonbanbeoseos), Helvella costifera (Korean name: Galbidaeanjangbeoseos), Entoloma cephalotrichum (Korean name: Jomkkaltaejiweodaebeoseos), Mycena leptocephala (Korean name: Yalbeungatweojuleumbeoseos), Naematoloma gracile (Korean name: Ganeundaegaeambeoseos), Sistotrema octosporum (Korean name: Hweosekcheonbeoseos), and Hydnellum peckii (Korean name: Pijeopkkaltaegibeoseos).

Unrecorded Higher Fungi of the Songnisan Nation al Park

Fresh mushrooms were collected during survey field trips to the southern areas of Songnisan National Park for 24 days from April to November in 2002. Through this investigation, a total of 682 fungal collections were obtained and taxonomically amounted to 5 classes, 14 orders, 44 families and 202 species. Among them, six genera Diplomitoporus, Heterochaete, Hydnochaete, Loweporus, Scytinostroma and Tomentellina, and twelve species, Asterostroma cervicolor, Diplomitoporus crustulinus, Fomitopsts cajanderi, Heterochaete delicate, Hydnochaete tabacinoides, Hyphodontia sambuci, Hypoxylon deustum, Lopharia cinerascens, Loweporus roseoalbus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Scytinostroma odoratum and Tomentellina fibrosa were confirmed as new to Korea and registered here with descriptions.