ABSTRACT
Abstract In Malignant Hilar Biliary Stricture (MHBS) palliative biliary drainage is a frequent strategy, improving the quality of life, reducing pruritus, loss of appetite and relieving cholangitis. The endoscopic approach is an effective, although challenging procedure. This study aimed to evaluate technical and clinical success rates of biliary drainage by ERCP. This is a retrospective study including all patients with MHBS referred to Instituto do Cancer do Hospital de São Paulo (ICESP) submitted to biliary drainage by ERCP, between January 2010 and December 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate predictors of clinical failure, as total bilirubin levels, Bismuth classification, number of hepatic sectors drained and presence of cholangitis. In total, 82 patients presenting unresectable MHBS were included in this study. 58.5% female and 41.5% male, with a mean age of 60±13 years. Bismuth classification grades II, IIIA, IIIB and IV were noted in 23.2%, 15.9%, 14.6% and 46.3%, respectively. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 92.7% and 53.7% respectively. At multivariable logistic-regression analyses, Bismuth IV strictures were related to higher clinical failure rates when compared to other strictures levels, with an Odds Ratio of 5.8 (95% CI 1.28‒20.88). In conclusion, endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary stricture had a high technical success but suboptimal clinical success rate. Proximal strictures (Bismuth IV) were associated with poor drainage outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage is the current standard of care for unresectable hilar malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) and bilateral metal stent placement is shown to have longer patency. However, technical and clinical failure is possible and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is sometimes necessary. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is increasingly being reported as an alternative rescue procedure to PTBD. EUS-BD has a potential advantage of not traversing the biliary stricture and internal drainage can be completed in a single session. Some approaches to bilateral biliary drainage for hilar MBO under EUS-guidance include a bridging method, hepaticoduodenostomy, and a combination of EUS-BD and transpapillary biliary drainage. The aim of this review is to summarize data on EUS-BD for hilar MBO and to clarify its advantages over the conventional approaches such as endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage and PTBD.
Subject(s)
Constriction, Pathologic , Drainage , Endosonography , Methods , Standard of Care , StentsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Endoscopic bile duct decompression using bilateral self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) deployed via a stent-in-stent (SIS) method is considered a preferred procedure for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). However, occlusion thereof occurs frequently. Here, we investigated stent patency duration and risk factors related to stent obstruction with bilateral SIS placement for MHBO at two large centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study reviewed data on patients with MHBO who underwent endoscopic biliary drainage using the SIS method. Clinical outcomes, including stent patency duration and patient overall survival, were analyzed. Factors associated with stent patency were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Seventy patients with MHBO underwent endoscopic biliary drainage using the SIS method. Median age was 68 years old, and median follow-up duration was 140 days (interquartile range, 57–329). The proportion of high-grade MHBOs (Bismuth type IV) was 57.1%. Median stent patency duration with the SIS method was 108 days according to Kaplan-Meier curves. Median patient survival analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method was 181 days. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher baseline bilirubin (> 6.1 mg/dL) as an independent risk factor related to stent patency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In endoscopic biliary decompression using SEMS placed with the SIS method, obstructive jaundice was a risk factor for stent patency. The SIS method for high-grade MHBO showed short stent patency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bile Ducts , Bilirubin , Decompression , Drainage , Follow-Up Studies , Jaundice, Obstructive , Methods , Multivariate Analysis , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , StentsABSTRACT
Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral biliary metal stents with plastic stents under endoscope for treatment of malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). Methods From May 2007 to December 2011, 142 MHBO patients were selected for this study, with 32 receiving bilateral metal stent drainage and 110 receiving bilateral plastic stent drainage. The success rate of endoscopic operations, postoperative jaundice-reducing effect, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complications, and stent patency period were observed. Results The procedures were successful in all patients in the two groups. The postoperative jaundice-reducing effect rates were 96. 9% (31/32) in the metal stent group and 88.2%(97/110) in the plastic stent group (P>0. 05). Two patients in the metal stent group and six in the plastic stent group had post-ERCP cholangitis, which was relieved by anti-inflammatory intervention, replacement of stents or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage. Two patients in the plastic stent group had stent slip. There were no pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation or ERCP-related deaths in the two groups. Two patients in the metal stent group and 4 in the plastic stent group died, and the biliary stents were patent until they died. Eight patients in metal stent group and 29 patients in the plastic stent group developed recurrent obstructive jaundice, which were treated by reimplantation or replacement of the plastic stents. The post-ERCP complication rates were similar in the two groups (P>0. 05). Themedian patency period of the metal stent was (248. 53± 138. 61) d and that of the plastic stent was (101. 76±38. 53) d, showing significant difference byLog-rank test (P3 months, double metal stent biliary drainage has more advantages.