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Objective To investigate the causal association between hip circumference (HC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on Mendelian randomization. Methods The genetic variants data of the HC and T2DM from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) and DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) database were matched according to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rsID. Genetic loci strongly related to the HC were used as instrumental variables; and the inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regression model and weighting median method were carried out to analyze the causal effect of HC on T2DM. Results Fifty-two, nine and fifteen SNPs were matched in the total cohort, female cohort and male cohort, respectively. Heterogeneity test suggested the SNPs were homogeneous. We found HC to be positively associated with T2DM risk (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.030-1.100, OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.057-1.150 and OR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.273-1.968, respectively) in above three cohorts, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust. Conclusions There is a relationship between HC and T2DM of people, and HC may be the risk factor of T2DM.
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Introducción: El aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños, conlleva a la necesidad de mantener un peso saludable, porque puede repercutir en su salud futura. El objetivo es analizar el porcentaje de grasa, a través de varios indicadores. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y correlacional, muestra probabilística de 304 niños y adolescentes de tres ciudades de Venezuela: Caracas, Mérida y Valencia. Variables: edad, peso, talla, pliegues, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera; IMC, índice Cintura/Cadera, Densidad corporal, Porcentaje de grasa corporal. Fórmulas: Qutelet, Durnin y Rahaman (1967), Lohman et al, 1984, Slaugther et al (1988) y Gómez- Campos et al. (2018). Se determinaron medidas descriptivas, correlaciones y prueba T de student. Resultados: edad e IMC similar para los dos sexos (12,78±2,18 y 12,12±2,09 años) (19,19±3,50 y 19,17±5,05 kg/m2).; peso y talla mayor en varones (46,25±13,47 y 42,83±9,83 kg); (153,36±12,31 y 148,68±4,03 cm); 9,87% sobrepeso y 4,93% obesidad, circunferencia de cintura de 65,92±7,89 cm, y circunferencia de cadera de 88,21 ± 9,28 cm para el grupo; % de Grasa Corporal, por Lohman et al, (1984), promedio de 13,75±7,05, y menor en los varones (13,75 vs. 19,54); % de grasa corporal, Slaughter et al (1988) 22,38±8,86, similar en ambos sexos (21,05±6,78 vs.21,30±4,94); % de grasa corporal por Gómez- Campos et al (2018) 33,30±6,51, y ligeramente mayor en las niñas que en los niños. (33,91±5,82 y 30,53±7,04). Conclusión: Los métodos difieren, el de Gómez-Campos et al (2018), sobreestima el porcentaje de grasa corporal en niños y adolescentes. Los promedios por ciudad, son estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,001)
Introduction: The increase of overweight and obesity in children, leads to the need to maintain a healthy weight, because it can affect your future health. The objective is to analyze the percentage of fat, through several indicators. Materials and methods: descriptive, correlational and retrospective study sample probability of 304 children and adolescents in three cities of Venezuela: Caracas, Merida and Valencia. Variables: age, weight, size, folds, waist circumference, hip circumference; BMI, waist/hip, body density, percentage of body fat. Formulas: Qutelet, Durnin and Rahaman (1967), Lohman et al, 1984, Slaugther et al (1988) and Gomez-Campos et al (2018). Descriptive measures were determined, you correlations and student T-test. Results: age and BMI, similar for both sexes (12. 78±2.18 and 12.12±2.09 years) (19.19±3.50-19.17±5.05 kg/m2); weight and height greater in males (46.25±13.47 and 42.83±9.83 kg); (153.36±12.31 and 148.68±4.03 cm) 9.87% overweight and 4.93% obesity; waist circumference is 65.92±7.89 cm and hip circumference 88.21±9.28 cm for the Group; % of body fat, by Lohman et al., (1984), average 13.75±7.05 and lower average of males (13.75 vs 19.54); % body fat, Slaughter et al (1988) of 22.38±8.86 and similar in both sex (21.05±6.78 vs.21.30±4.94); % body fat by Gomez-Campos et al (2018) 33.30±6.51, and slightly higher in girls than in children (33. 91±5.82 and 30.53±7.04). Conclusion: The methods differ, the de Gomez-Campos et at (2018), overestimated the percentage of body fat in children and adolescents. Averages by city, are statistically significant (p <0.001)
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Abdominal Circumference , Body Fat Distribution , Waist Circumference , Overweight , ObesityABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries and it is now an increasing problem in developing countries too, due to changes in life style and dietary habits. Heart Disease is responsible for more deaths and disability among Western Population, both male and female, than any other killer disease, and it is quickly establishing itself as the leading cause of death and disability among Indians as well. Aim of the Study: To study relation between risk factors for atherosclerosis and fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in patients of Coronary artery disease. To establish that post-prandial triglycerides level is a better indicator as a ‘risk factor’ for atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: A complete physical and cardiovascular system examination performed. Blood pressure measurements were performed with mercury sphygmomanometer in a standardized fashion. Waist circumference was measured at umbilical level. Hip circumference was measured at maximum girth at hip. Recording of ECG was done with 12 leads recording in standard fashion with B.P.L machine. Fasting samples of blood glucose, Fasting Lipid profile was measured. Results: In our study, out of 56 male 34 (62.5%) were suffering from diabetes mellitus while 30 female out of 44 were (68.18%) diabetic. So out of 100 patients 64 patients were suffering from Murugan, Sathvika. Study of post-prandial hypertriglyceridemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 173-178. Page 174 diabetes. In our study, 57 patients were hypertensive. 32 male patients out of 56 male patients were hypertensive (57.14%) and 25 female patients out of 44 patients (56.81%) were hypertensive. In the present study, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was found in 16 patients out of 23 patients (69.5%) in the age group 35-45, 31 patients out of 46 patients (67.39%) in the age group 46-55, 9 out of 21 patients (42.8%) in the age group 56,-65, and 8 patients out of 10 (80%) in the age > 66 years. Conclusion: In our study with reference to patient of ischemic heart disease, postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 64% patients, having normal fasting triglyceride level. There is statistically a significant correlation between postprandial triglyceride and ischemic heart disease, even in patients having normal fasting triglyceride level. It means that patients having high postprandial triglyceride levels have higher risk of Ischemic heart disease. The relative risk is 1.44.
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Objective To observe the effect of low-frequency electrotherapy plus community administration on the control rate of simple obesity and incidence of metabolic syndrome. Method A total of 240 patients diagnosed with simple obesity were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was intervened by community administration plus low-frequency electrotherapy, while the control group was intervened by community administration alone. The control of simple obesity was observed after 20-week treatment; the incidence of metabolic syndrome and rebound weight gain were observed 2 years later. Result After the intervention, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the two groups (P<0.05); the reductions of body weight, waist circumference and BMI in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group (P<0.05); 2 years later, the incidence of metabolic syndrome and the rate of rebound weight gain were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Community administration plus diet control and regular exercise can effectively control the body weight of simple obesity patients and reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Community administration plus low-frequency electrotherapy has advantage in controlling body weight and reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome compared to community administration alone.
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Objective To analyze the correlation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with waist,hip circumference and body mass index in order to explore the prevention countermeasures.Methods The datum of routine physical examination and questionnaire survey among 2 503 employees of 12 enterprises in November 2013 were collected.The indexes of height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,blood lipid and blood glucose of the subjects were measured.The grouping was according to whether the subjects suffering from NAFLID.The correlation and epidemiological characteristics between each group and the risk factors of body weight,waist,hip circumference and body mass index were analyzed.Results 2 503 subjects were collected including 490 NAFLID patients (19.57％).The body weight and body mass index of NAFLID patients were significantly lower than those of the control group.The result of BMI classification showed that the subjects of the control group were overweight while the subjects with NAFLID were obesity.The waist circumference and hip circumference of NAFLID patients were significantly larger than that of the control group.Conclusions Larger waist and hip circumference and overweight are risk factors of NAFLID.Effective intervention measures,scientific control of body weight,rational diet,the strengthening of physical exercises should be taken in order to prevent and control the development of fatty liver.
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The purpose of this study was to provide information on obesity assessment for Koreans. Among total of 1012 research papers enlisted in the Korean J Community Nutrition form 1996 to 2011, 248 articles were examined in which subjects were divided into more than 2 groups by obesity rate. About the method of anthropometric data collection, more than half of the research papers examined 52.5% and 28.7% of studies utilized the directly measured data and self-described data, respectively. About the utilization of obesity assessment methods, indirect methods of weight-height index (BMI, BMI percentile, and Rohrer index) and PIBW (WLR, Broca index, and KDA) were 62.4% and 23.2%, respectably, and the direct method of percent body fat assessment was only 9.3%. The most frequently utilized methods were WLR in under primary and primary school children, and BMI in the middle and high school students and in adults. For primary school students, WLR was the most frequently utilized method up to 2007, but it changed to BMI percentile afterward. Broca Index was no longer utilized since 2008. There were no articles utilizing BMI percentile and Rohrer index for obesity assessment in adults. Criteria for obesity assessment were not consistent among research papers: for example, % body fat, 19~40%; BMI, 20~30; BMI percentile, 85th or 95th. In the case of PIBW, 120% of ideal weight was the most frequently utilized criterion for obesity. Based on these findings, we suggest that proper methods and criteria of obesity assessment for each age group should be determined and proclaimed.
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Adult , Child , Humans , Adipose Tissue , Classification , Surveys and Questionnaires , Methods , ObesityABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlations between obesity index such as waist circumference,hip circumference,skin-fold thickness,body mass index,waist to hip ratio,waist to height ratio etc,and blood pressure among Kazak children living in Yili of Xinjiang.Methods In May-June 2009,2438 Kazak children aged 7 to 14 at primary schools in Yili of Xinjiang,were investigated.Waist circumference,hip circumference,skin-fold thickness,systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured to calculate the body mass index,waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio.Analysis on the differences in age and gender,blood pressure (BP) between hypertensive or normal BP group under the standard set for children.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis on its correlation.Results The total prevalence of hypertension was 5.7％ in Kazak ethnic school-age children in Yili,with 4.4％ in the boys and 7.0％ in girls.Data from waist circumference,hip circumference,waist-height-ratio,waist-hip ratio,systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed gender and age differences (P=0.000).Average systolic blood pressure was correlated to waist circumference,hip circumference,skin-fold thickness,body mass index and waist to hip ratio (P=0.000),with hip circumference the most (man:r=0.618,female:r=0.655).The average diastolic blood pressure was correlated to waist circumference,hip circumference,skin-fold thickness,body mass index and waist to hip ratio (P=0.000),with hip having the strongest relation (r=0.489 for male and r=0.548 for females).Significant differences were seen between Hypertension groupand normal blood pressure group on waist circumference,hip circumference,skin-fold thickness,body mass index and waist-hip ratio (P＜0.05).Conclusion In Yili of Xinjiang,the prevalence of hypertension was at the low level in Kazak ethnic school-aged children when comparing to data from national and foreign standards.Indicators related to obesity as waist circumference,hip circumference,body mass index and waist to hip ratio were positively correlated with blood pressure,with hip in particular.
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OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the effect of waist circumference (WC) on brachial artery pulse wave velocity (baPWV) independent of hip circumference (HC). Therefore, this study aimed to dissociate specific effect of WC on baPWV independent of HC. METHODS: Of 1,053 rural residents (2004-2005), 777 subjects with no known history of coronary artery diseases or diabetes mellitus over 40 yr were included. To reduce collinearity, we assessed the independent effect of WC with HC on PWV by residual method (WC [RM]). RESULTS: In women, most correlation coefficients were significant between measures of abdominal obesity and baPWV, with the highest (0.32) in waist to hip ratio (WHR), whereas no significance was found in men. All mean values of baPWV among the abdominally obese were higher than those of normal group in women, which were in the order of WHR, WC (RM), and WC. Adjusted OR with 95% CI for baPWV was significantly elevated by increase of WC (RM) upto 4.8 (95% CI: 2.1-11.2), and as 4.3 by WHR (95% CI: 1.6-11.4). CONCLUSION: Considering the difficulty in biologically interpreting WHR, WC (RM) may be a useful indicator of abdominal obesity among females in that it reflects the risk of pulse wave velocity.
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Female , Humans , Male , Brachial Artery , Coronary Artery Disease , Diabetes Mellitus , Hip , Obesity, Abdominal , Pulse Wave Analysis , Waist Circumference , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT
Objectives: We investigated the correlation between changes in body weight and body composition parameters. Methods: We used the data of 2635 Japanese (40.2±12.2 years) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up from a database of 13522 subjects, which is available at the Okayama Southern Institute of Health in Okayama prefecture, Japan. Body weight, waist circumference at the umbilical level, hip circumference, and body fat percentage were used in the analyses. Results: Body composition parameters were significantly reduced after 1 year. Changes in body weight significantly correlated with changes in waist circumference, changes in hip circumference, and changes in body fat percentage. A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to a 3.45 cm decrease in waist circumference in men and a 2.83 cm decrease in that in women. Conclusion: A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to an almost 3 cm decrease in waist circumference at the umbilical level in Japanese men and women.
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Body Weight , Adipose TissueABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>We investigated the correlation between changes in body weight and body composition parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used the data of 2635 Japanese (40.2±12.2 years) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up from a database of 13522 subjects, which is available at the Okayama Southern Institute of Health in Okayama prefecture, Japan. Body weight, waist circumference at the umbilical level, hip circumference, and body fat percentage were used in the analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Body composition parameters were significantly reduced after 1 year. Changes in body weight significantly correlated with changes in waist circumference, changes in hip circumference, and changes in body fat percentage. A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to a 3.45 cm decrease in waist circumference in men and a 2.83 cm decrease in that in women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A decrease in body weight of 3 kg corresponded to an almost 3 cm decrease in waist circumference at the umbilical level in Japanese men and women.</p>
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The physical conditions of the Korean and the Japanese young adults (aged 18-29) were analyzed for the 10 important body dimensions such as stature, body weight, sitting height, chest circumference, and etc.. The Korean data published in 1979 and 1992 were compared with the Japanese data published in 1984 and 1994, respectively. Also, the physical developments and the sex differences of the Korean in past 13 years were compared with those of Japanese. The results are as follows. 1) The stature, sitting height and perineum height of the Korean young male and female are significantly smaller than those of the Japanese. 2) In the past, the chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight of the Korean are larger values than those of the Japanese. But, there are no significant differences in recent surveys. 3) Most body dimensions of male show significantly larger than those of female in the two countries. 4) There is no significant difference in thigh circumference between the Korean male and female in 1992. 5) There are no significant differences in thigh circumference between the '84 Japanese male and female and in hip circumference between the '94 Japanese male and female. 6) Compared with the results of the past surveys, the relative body weight, perineum height, and chest circumference of female to male are decreased in the two countries. But, the relative hip circumference of female to male are increased in both countries.