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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(6): 537-542, nov.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-504656

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões histopatológicos das artérias do leito placentário em gestações complicadas por hipertensão arterial crônica (HAC) comparando-os com o de grávidas normais. MÉTODOS: Biópsias de leito placentário, segundo técnica de Robertson et al.1, foram realizadas em pacientes com idade gestacional igual ou superior a 28 semanas, submetidas a cesárea, após a dequitação. O grupo controle (GC) foi composto por 25 pacientes normais e o grupo de estudo composto por 13 pacientes com HAC leve (HL), 11 pacientes com HAC moderada (HM) e 11 pacientes com HAC grave (HG). As classes de hipertensão foram consideradas leve (PAD 90 - 100 mmHg), moderada (PAD 100 - 110 mmHg) e grave (PAD3 > 110mmHg). Os padrões histológicos das artérias espiraladas foram classificados em: padrão inalterado, modificações fisiológicas, desorganização da camada média, alterações hiperplásicas, necrose e aterose aguda. RESULTADOS: 1) Os achados anormais foram predominantes no grupo de hipertensas, sendo mais freqüente nos grupos HM e HG. 2) O achado anormal mais prevalente foi a desorganização da camada média, com distribuição semelhante nos grupos HM e HG. 3) Os padrões normais ocorreram nos grupos GC e HL, com distribuição semelhante entre si.


OBJECTIVES: To analyze histopathological patterns of placental bed arteries in pregnancies complicated by chronic arterial hypertension. Alterations were considered according to clinical classification of the hypertensive disorders as mild (MG); moderate (MoG) and severe (SG) for comparison with uncomplicated pregnancies, control group (CG). METHODS: Placental bed biopsy was performed in 60 pregnant women; the study group was comprised of pregnant women with hypertension, subdivided in 13 with severe chronic hypertension (CH), 11 with moderate CH and 11 with mild CH, and results were compared to 25 placental bed biopsies from uncomplicated pregnancies. All the pregnant women had a gestational age of at least 28 weeks of gestation with a live fetus and were submitted to cesarean section. Hypertension was considered mild with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 I? 100 mmHg, moderate DBP 100 I? 110 mmHg and severe DBP = 110 mmHg. Placental bed variables selected for histological analysis were: unaltered patterns, physiological changes, medial layer disorganization, medial and intimal hyperplasic changes, acute necrosis and atherosis. RESULTS: In cases with SG and MoG there was predominance of abnormal histophysiological findings: medial layer disorganization and hyperplasic changes, with a statistically significant difference when compared to MG and CG. Alteration in the medial layer was observed in these cases. The normal pattern, unaltered patterns and physiologic changes were more frequent in CG and MG. Physiological changes were the most usual finding, further, there was no acute necrosis or atherosis. CONCLUSION: 1. Abnormal histophysiological findings were predominant in hypertensive pregnant women compared to the normotensive ones; 2. These patterns were more frequent, according to the severity of the hypertensive disorders: Severe, Moderate and Mild; 3. More significant abnormal findings were a change in the medial layer, mainly in...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Hypertension/pathology , Placenta/blood supply , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/pathology , Arteries/pathology , Biopsy , Blood Pressure , Case-Control Studies , Cesarean Section , Chronic Disease , Gestational Age , Hypertension/complications , Young Adult
2.
Clinics ; 62(6): 679-684, 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471784

ABSTRACT

AIM: To describe the case profile of maternal death resulting from hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and to propose measures for its reduction. METHODS: The Committee on Maternal Mortality of São Paulo City has identified 609 cases of obstetric maternal death between 1995 and 1999 with an underreporting rate of 52.2 percent and a maternal mortality rate of 56.7/100,000 live births. Arterial hypertension was the main cause of maternal death, corresponding to 142 (23.3 percent) cases. RESULTS: Ninety-five (66.9 percent) of the deaths occurred during the puerperal period and 34 (23.9 percent) occurred during pregnancy. The time of death was not reported in 13 (9.2 percent) cases. Seizures were observed in 41 cases and magnesium sulfate was used in four of them. The causes of death were ruled to be cerebrovascular accident (44.4 percent), acute pulmonary edema (24.6 percent), and coagulopathies (14.1 percent). Cesarean section was performed in 85 (59.9 percent) cases and vaginal delivery in 15 (16.0 percent). CONCLUSION: Complications of arterial hypertension are responsible for the high rates of pregnancy-related maternal death in São Paulo City. Quality prenatal care and appropriate monitoring of the hypertensive pregnant patient during and after delivery are important measures for better control of this condition and are essential to reduce disorders in pregnancy.


OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil dos casos de morte materna decorrente de complicações da hipertensão arterial e propor medidas para sua redução. MÉTODOS: De 1995 a 1999 o Comitê de Mortalidade Materna da Cidade de São Paulo identificou 609 casos de morte materna obstétrica, com uma subnotificação de 52,2 por cento e um CMM=56,7/100.000 Nascidos Vivos. A hipertensão arterial foi a principal causa de óbito materno, correspondendo a 142 (23,3 por cento) casos. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 95 (66,9 por cento) de óbitos no puerpério e 34 (23,9 por cento) durante a gestação. Em 13 (9,2 por cento) casos não se teve referência ao momento do óbito. Houve relato de crises convulsivas em 41 casos com a utilização de sulfato de magnésio em quatro deles. As principais causas determinantes do óbito foram: o acidente vascular cerebral (44,4 por cento), o edema agudo de pulmão (24,6 por cento) e as coagulopatias (14,1 por cento). A cesárea foi realizada em 85 (59,9 por cento) casos e o parto vaginal em 15 (16,0 por cento). Em 28 (19,7 por cento) casos não foi realizada nenhuma conduta para interromper a gravidez e em 14 (9,8 por cento) não se obteve relato do procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: As complicações da hipertensão arterial no ciclo gravídico-puerperal determinam altos índices de mortalidade materna na cidade de São Paulo. A realização de um pré-natal de qualidade e o atendimento apropriado da gestante hipertensa no parto e no pós-parto são medidas de fundamental importância para um melhor controle desse evento, sendo primordial para a redução dessas ocorrências.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Hypertension/mortality , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/mortality , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Eclampsia/drug therapy , Eclampsia/mortality , Hypertension/complications , Maternal Mortality , Pregnancy Trimesters , Pre-Eclampsia/drug therapy , Pre-Eclampsia/mortality , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/prevention & control , Prenatal Care/standards , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
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