ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between mouth breathing and growth disorders among children and teenagers. Data source: Search on MEDLINE database, over the last 10 years, by using the following terms: "mouth breathing", "adenotonsilar hypertrophy", "allergic rhinitis", "sleep disturbance" AND "growth impairment", "growth hormone", "failure to thrive", "short stature", or "failure to thrive". Data summary: A total of 247 articles were identified and, after reading the headings, this number was reduced to 45 articles, whose abstracts were read and, of these, 20 were deemed important and were included in the review. In addition of these articles, references mentioned in them and specific books on mouth breathing deemed important were included. Hypertrophy of palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsils, whether associated with allergic rhinitis, as well as poorly controlled allergic rhinitis, are the main causes of mouth breathing in children. Respiratory sleep disorders are frequent among these patients. Several studies associate mouth breathing with reduced growth, as well as with reduced growth hormone release, which are reestablished after effective treatment of mouth breathing (clinical and/or surgical). Conclusions: Mouth breathing should be considered as a potential cause of growth retardation in children; pediatricians should assess these patients in a broad manner.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre respiração oral e distúrbios do crescimento entre crianças e adolescentes. Fonte de dados: Busca na base de dados do MEDLINE, nos últimos 10 anos, com o emprego dos seguintes termos: "mouth breathing" ou "adenotonsilar hypertrophy", ou "allergic rhinitis" ou sleep disturbance" AND "growth impairment" ou "growth hormone" ou "failure to thrive" ou "short stature" ou "failure to thrive". Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 247 artigos, que após a leitura dos títulos foram reduzidos a 45, cujos resumos foram lidos e desses 20 foram considerados de importância e integraram a revisão. Além desses, referências por eles citadas e livros-texto específicos sobre respiração oral considerados importantes foram incluídos. A hipertrofia de tonsilas palatinas e/ou faríngeas, associada ou não à rinite alérgica, assim como a rinite alérgica mal controlada, é a principal causa de respiração oral na criança. Distúrbios respiratórios do sono são frequentes entre esses pacientes. Vários estudos associam a respiração oral à redução do crescimento, bem como à redução de liberação de hormônio do crescimento, que são restabelecidos após o tratamento efetivo da respiração oral (clínico e/ou cirúrgico). Conclusões: A respiração oral deve ser cogitada como possível causa de retardo de crescimento em crianças e cabe ao pediatra a tarefa de investigar esses pacientes de forma mais abrangente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Growth Disorders/etiology , Mouth Breathing/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/complications , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Rhinitis/complications , Growth Disorders/physiopathology , Mouth Breathing/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo en el hospital León Becerra, del cantón Milagro durante el programa de Salud Escolar. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de amígdalas hipertróficas en pacientes entre 5 y 11 años, asintomáticos. Materiales y métodos: se escogió 4 escuelas donde se estudió a 1.219 niños, de los cuales 187 presentaban un crecimiento exagerado de las amígdalas, sin sintomatología. Se les realizó a cada uno de los pacientes: historia clínica y examen; biometría hemática completa (BHC), antiestreptolisina o (ASTO) y proteína C reactiva (PCR). Resultados: la frecuencia de esta patología corresponde al 15%.No depende del género. El 71% de los niños estudiados presentan algún grado de deficiencia nutricional. El 78% tiene antecedente de amigdalitis a repetición.
A prospective, descriptive study was performed at the "León Becerra" hospital in Milagro Canton during the School Health program. Objective: to determine the frequency of hypertrophic tonsils in asymptomatic patients between 5 and 11 years old. Materials and methods: we chose 4 schools where 1,219 children were studied, out of which 187 had an overgrowth of the tonsils, without symptoms. Medical history and examination, complete blood count (BHC), antistreptolysin O (ASTO) and C reactive protein (CRP) were made to each patient. Results: the prevalence of this disease is 15%. It does not depend on gender. 71% of the children studied presented some degree of nutritional deficiency. 78% have a history of recurrent tonsillitis.