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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 49(4): 363-371, oct.-dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584804

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La sobrehidratación crónica contribuye a la mortalidad cardiovascular en hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Dilucidar el dilema método clínico vs. método de la vena cava inferior en la definición del estado de hidratación de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Métodos: Se analizó la relación entre la diferencia relativa del diámetro de la vena cava inferior, en espiración prediálisis y posdiálisis, y los porcentajes de reducción del peso corporal, de la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Se evaluó la sensibilidad y la especificidad del método clínico según método de la vena cava inferior. Resultados: El diámetro de vena cava inferior en espiración disminuyó con la remoción del agua corporal. La sensibilidad del método clínico, según método de vena cava inferior, fue de 57,1 para un IC al 95 por ciento entre 46,0 y 68,3; y una especificidad de 86,1 para un IC al 95 por ciento entre 78,0 y 94,0. Conclusiones: El método clínico es, según el método de la vena cava inferior, más específico que sensible


Backgrounds: The overhydration chronic is a cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis. Objective: To elucidate the dilemma related to the clinical method versus the vena cava inferior method to define the hydration state in hemodialysis patient. Methods: The relation between the relative difference in the vena cava inferior diameter in predialysis and postdialysis exhalation and the percentages of body weight reduction, of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical method was assessed according to the vena cava inferior method. Results: The vena cava inferior method decreased with reduction on body fluid. The clinical method sensitivity according to vena cava inferior method was of 57.1 for a 95 percent CI between 46.0 and 68.3 and a specificity of 86.1 for a 95 percent CI between 78.0 and 94.0. Conclusions: The clinical method is according the vena cava inferior method one more specific than sensitive


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis/diagnosis , Renal Dialysis/methods , Vena Cava, Inferior , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
2.
Rev. mex. enferm. cardiol ; 17(1-3): 38-41, Ene-Dic 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1035394

ABSTRACT

La hemofiltración veno–venosa continua (HFVVC), es unatécnica realizada en pacientes postoperados de cirugía cardíaca;consiste en extraer agua plasmática del sistema circulatorio,a través de una membrana semipermeable (hemoconcentrador)por convección y gradiente de presión, con el objetivode disminuir hipervolemia, mejorar la función renal, eliminarmediadores de respuesta inflamatoria y optimizar el estado hemodinámicode los pacientes. Este procedimiento es realizadopor el personal de enfermería de perfusión en la unidad de terapiaintensiva con un circuito que se arma y diseña en unárea blanca. Una de las principales ventajas que se le adjudicana las terapias de HFVVC, es la tolerancia hemodinámica ala extracción de grandes volúmenes de líquido en forma gradualy controlada, en pacientes en estado crítico.


The continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (HFVVC), is atechnique realized in post-operated patients of cardiac surgery;it consists of extracting plasmatic water of the circulatorysystem, through a semi permeable membrane (hemoconcentrador)by convection and pressure gradient, with the aimof diminishing hipervolemia, improving the renal function,to eliminate mediators of inflammatory answer and to optimizethe hemodinámico state of the patients. This procedureis realized by the personnel of perfusion infirmary in theunit of intensive therapy with a circuit that weapon and isdesigned in a white area. One of the main advantages thatare adjudged to the HFVVC therapies, is the tolerance haemodynamicsto the extraction of great volumes of liquid ingradual and controlled form, in patients in critical state.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemofiltration/nursing , Critical Care
3.
J. bras. nefrol ; 28(4): 225-231, Out.-Dez.2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610218

ABSTRACT

A Insuficiência Renal Crônica tem se tornado cada vez mais prevalente no Brasil e no mundo. A hipertensão arterial e o Diabetes Mellitus se destacamcomo as principais doenças associadas ao seu aparecimento. Embora grandes avanços tenham sido conquistados no manuseio dessas doenças, aindanão é possível impedir que uma parcela desse grupo de pacientes evolua para a necessidade de terapia de substituição renal, diálise e/ou transplante.Apesar da melhora nas técnicas dialíticas, a mortalidade tem permanecido elevada, com destaque para as causas cardiovasculares, em que ahipertensão arterial representa importante fator de risco. Compreender a fisiopatologia da hipertensão nos pacientes em diálise faz-se necessário paradirecionar adequadamente o tratamento visando redução da morbidade e mortalidade. Esta revisão descreve mecanismos relacionados à hipertensãoem diálise com ênfase na retenção de sódio e água e as suas interações não apenas com o sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, mas também como sistema nervoso autônomo simpático e outros de regulação pressórica cujo conhecimento pode auxiliar na prática nefrológica rotineira.


End stage renal failure has an increasing prevalence in Brazil and worldwide. Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus emerge as the leading diseasesassociated with its development. Despite larger advances in management of these two conditions, we are not able to refrain the progression of some ofthese patients to end stage renal disease and reduce the demand for dialysis or kidney transplant. Irrespective of the improvement in dialysis techniques,the mortality of end-stage renal disease patients remains elevated with cardiovascular diseases playing a pivotal role in this regard. Hypertension is animportant risk factor to this end-point. The understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension in dialysis may be instrumental to an appropriate treatmentaiming to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of these patients. This review describes mechanisms related to the development of hypertension indialysis with emphasis in sodium overload and its relationships with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system and othermechanisms of blood pressure regulation whose knowledge may help the quotidian working journey of many nephrologists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
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